Ten Years of Experience with Invasive Aspergillosis: Has Anything Changed?.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3687-3687
Author(s):  
Gloria Mattiuzzi ◽  
Jorge Cortes ◽  
Jennifer Ho ◽  
Hagop M. Kantarjian
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Abstract 3687 Poster Board III-623 Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) has represented a threat for patients and physicians for many years. This is especially true for patients with hematologic malignancies. Several new antifungal agents with broad antifungal activity became available in 2000 ushering in a new millennium with hopes that with this new armamentarium of antifungal drugs will decrease mortality due to IA and perhaps even prevent them better. Mortality rates due to IA have been described in recent reports as acceptable and even in some cancer centers significantly lower than before. The objective of the present study was to evaluate IA in patients with hematologic malignancies in the leukemia department at MDACC during the past 10 years (1998 to 2007) and compare the incidence and mortality rates between these two times periods. Methods retrospective review of all patients that presented at the leukemia department at MDACC from January 1998 to December 2007. Proven or probable IA was defined as per EORTC criteria. Results From 1998 to 2007, 12,845 patients were presented to our department, including 4,243 pts with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); 940 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); 3,642 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); and 4,276 with other type of leukemia (chronic myelocytic leukemia, low risk-myelodysplastic syndrome and miscellaneous). Overall median age was 58 (range 17-83); 60% were male, 83% did not have history of diabetes mellitus; 71% were neutropenic (ANC < 500) at the moment of the infection; and 11% had a previous bone marrow transplantation. The overall incidence of IA has significantly decreased from 4 % to 2% over the 10 study years (p= 0.005, IRR=0.45), however, the overall mortality rate (60%) has not decreased significantly. Comparison between the incidence of IA and mortality in the different subsets of patients between 1998-1999 and 2000-2007 is shown in Table 1 The incidence of IA decreased significantly between the two time periods only in patients with AML and in patients with ALL (p<0.001 and 0.004, respectively). However, although there has been a reduction in the mortality rate in all the subsets of patients in the two periods, this difference is not significant. Overall, A. fumigatus was the pathogen more frequently isolated (30%), followed by A. flavus (21%), A. terreus (18%) and A. niger (11%). In 10% of the episodes more than one Aspergillus species was isolated. In conclusion, our data suggests that the incidence of IA in patients with leukemia traditionally at high risk for IA has significantly decreased since 2000. Despite the availability of new antifungal drugs for the treatment of IA, the mortality rate in patients with hematological malignancies has not significantly decreased. Disclosures: Mattiuzzi: Merck: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7409
Author(s):  
Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽  
Pamela Smith ◽  
Mariel Opazo ◽  
Nicolás Huneeus
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

scholarly journals Marine Bioactive Compounds against Aspergillus fumigatus: Challenges and Future Prospects

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Chukwuemeka Samson Ahamefule ◽  
Blessing C. Ezeuduji ◽  
James C. Ogbonna ◽  
Anene N. Moneke ◽  
Anthony C. Ike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Speed Up

With the mortality rate of invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus reaching almost 100% among some groups of patients, and with the rapidly increasing resistance of A. fumigatus to available antifungal drugs, new antifungal agents have never been more desirable than now. Numerous bioactive compounds were isolated and characterized from marine resources. However, only a few exhibited a potent activity against A. fumigatus when compared to the multitude that did against some other pathogens. Here, we review the marine bioactive compounds that display a bioactivity against A. fumigatus. The challenges hampering the discovery of antifungal agents from this rich habitat are also critically analyzed. Further, we propose strategies that could speed up an efficient discovery and broaden the dimensions of screening in order to obtain promising in vivo antifungal agents with new modes of action.

scholarly journals Immunolocalization of the Bcl-2 protein within hematopoietic neoplasms

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zutter ◽  
D Hockenbery ◽  
GA Silverman ◽  
SJ Korsmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
T Cell Lymphomas ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Reactive Hyperplasia

Abstract The Bcl-2 proto-oncogene was discovered at the t(14;18) breakpoint found in most follicular B-cell lymphomas and some diffuse large-cell lymphomas. Bcl-2 is unique among proto-oncogenes, being localized to mitochondria and extending cell survival by blocking programmed cell death. We examined Bcl-2 protein expression in 82 hematologic malignancies and reactive lymphoid processes. All lymphomas with Bcl-2 rearrangement demonstrated high levels of Bcl-2 protein. However, most follicular and diffuse lymphomas without Bcl-2 rearrangement also displayed intense Bcl-2 staining. In these cases, mechanisms other than classic translocation may be deregulation Bcl-2. The pattern of Bcl-2 staining in follicular lymphoma is the inverse of the pattern in reactive hyperplasia, confirming a role for Bcl-2 immunolocalization in routine diagnosis. Small lymphocytic malignancies, including small lymphocytic lymphoma, mantle zone lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, expressed intermediate levels of Bcl-2. Bcl-2 protein varied in plasma cell dyscrasias. Bcl-2 protein levels in T-cell lymphomas reflected their corresponding stage of development. No substantial Bcl- 2 was present in the Reed-Sternberg cells of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. Chronic myelogenous leukemia was strongly positive for Bcl-2, consistent with the presence of Bcl-2 in normal myeloid progenitors. Immunohistochemistry identified an expanded spectrum of hematopoietic neoplasms in which Bcl-2 may provide a cell survival advantage.

Hypermethylation of E-cadherin in leukemia

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 3208-3213 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Melki ◽  
Paul C. Vincent ◽  
Ross D. Brown ◽  
Susan J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Metastasis Suppressor ◽  
Normal Donor ◽  
Sodium Bisulphite ◽  
E Cadherin

Abstract E-cadherin gene is often termed a “metastasis suppressor” gene because the E-cadherin protein can suppress tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Inactivation of the E-cadherin gene occurs in undifferentiated solid tumors by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms; however, the role of E-cadherin in hematologic malignancies is only now being recognized. E-cadherin expression is essential for erythroblast and normoblast maturation, yet expression is reduced or absent in leukemic blast cells. This study examined the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of the E-cadherin gene in bone marrow and blood samples from normal donors and patients with leukemia. We found that all normal donor samples expressed E-cadherin mRNA, whereas both samples of acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia had a significant reduction or absence of expression. However, normal blast counterparts expressed only a low level of E-cadherin surface protein. Sodium bisulphite genomic sequencing was used to fully characterize the methylation patterns of the CpG island associated with the E-cadherin gene promoter in those samples with matched DNA. All of the normal control samples were essentially unmethylated; however, 14 of 18 (78%) of the leukemia samples had abnormal hypermethylation of the E-cadherin CpG island. In fact both alleles of the E-cadherin gene were often hypermethylated. We conclude the E-cadherin gene is a common target for hypermethylation in hematologic malignancies.

scholarly journals Global Liver Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates, the Role of Human Development Index

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Soheylizad ◽  
Kamyar Mansori ◽  
Erfan Ayubi ◽  
Ensiyeh Jenabi ◽  
Yousef Veisani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Negative Effect

Introduction: Liver cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide which have been a major public health challenge worldwide. This study aimed to identify the global effect of HDI in the incidence and mortality rates of liver LC. Material and Methods: Data about the incidence and mortality rate of LC for the year 2012 was obtained from the global cancer project for 172 countries. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained for 169 countries from the United Nations Development Programme database in 2012. Linear regression models were used for assessment of the HDI effect on LC occurrence rates. Inequality in the age-specific incidence and mortality rates (ASR) of LC according to the HDI were assessed by using the concentration index.Results: Linear regression model showed that increasing of HDI had a negative effect on the increase in both incidence (B=-12.2, P=0.03) and mortality (B=-12.7, P=0.015) rates of LC. The mean of life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, GNI per capita, percent of urbanization, and age-standardized obesity had also a negative effect on increasing in both incidence and mortality rates.Conclusion: incidence and mortality rate of LC are significantly concentrated in regions with medium and low HDI. The negative relationship between LC incidence and mortality with HDI and its component can be considered as targets for prevention and treatment intervention or tracking geographic disparities.

scholarly journals LUNG CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN THE KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS OKRUG – YUGRA

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
A. A. Mordovskii ◽  
A. A. Aksarin ◽  
A. M. Parsadanyan ◽  
M. D. Ter-Ovanesov ◽  
P. P. Troyan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

The aim of the study was to assess the lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Khanty-mansi autonomous okrug – Yugra during the period 1999–2019.Material and methods. We have studied the lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in Yugra over the last 21 years (1999–2019).Results. In Yugra, the lung cancer (lc) incidence rates increased by 24.7 % from 1999 to 2019, demonstrating higher rates than those in the Russian Federation (RF), where lc incidence rates decreased by 20.3 %. In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate was 30.5 per 100,000 (22.7 for RF); the age-standardized mortality rate was 16.4 per 100,000 (18.4 for RF). The mortality rate from lc in Yugra was 9.6 times higher in males than in females (35.5 vs. 3.7 per 100,000). The cross-correlation analysis revealed a correlation between the lc incidence/mortality and air pollution in Yugra. The main carcinogens in Yugra were formaldehyde, phenol, nitrogen dioxide, and benzapyrene. The assessment of the relationship between the age-standardized lc incidence/mortality rates and the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere revealed that their synergistic effects with tobacco smoking can double the risk of lung cancer development. The increase in the number of chest computed tomography (ct) scans performed in the context of the pandemic caused by covid-19 infection led to an 18 % increase in the number of incidentally detected pulmonary nodules, of which 9 % of cases were diagnosed as lc.Conclusion. The lc incidence rates in Yugra tended to increase. The high rate of lc incidence is caused by man-made and natural factors, which requires the implementation of a screening program with the use of low-dose computed tomography in order to improve the early detection and prevention of this disease.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONALLY VARIANT STREPTOCOCCI BACTEREMIA IN CANCER PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY, 1999-2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e2015030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Tareq Yacoub ◽  
Jayasree Krishnan ◽  
Ileana M. Acevedo ◽  
Joseph Halliday ◽  
John Norman Greene
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Acute Myelogenous

BackgoundNutritionally variant Streptococci (NVS), Abiotrophia and Granulicatella are implicated in causing endocarditis and blood stream infections more frequently than other sites of infection. Neutropenia and mucositis are the most common predisposing factors for infection with other pathogens in cancer patients. In this study we investigated the clinical characteristics of NVS bacteremia in cancer patients and identified risk factors and outcomes associated with these infections. Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all cases of NVS bacteremia occurring from June 1999 to April 2014 at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute. The computerized epidemiology report provided by the microbiology laboratory identified thirteen cancer patients with NVS bacteremia. We collected data regarding baseline demographics and clinical characteristics such as age, sex, underlying malignancy, neutropenic status, duration of neutropenia, treatment, and outcome.ResultsThirteen patients were identified with positive NVS blood stream infection. Ten patients (77%) had hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (1), multiple myeloma (MM) (1), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (4), and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (4).  The non-hematologic malignancies included esophageal cancer (2) and bladder cancer (1).ConclusionNVS should be considered as a possible agent of bacteremia in cancer patients with neutropenia and a breach in oral, gastrointestinal and genitourinary mucosa (gingivitis/mucositis).

Elevated serum ras level predicts decreased survival in patients with hematologic malignancies

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6562-6562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Nelli ◽  
K. Leitzel ◽  
S. M. Ali ◽  
H. A. Al-Mondhiry ◽  
L. Demers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Acute Myelogenous

6562 Background: Ras is a GDP/GTP binding G protein that acts as a molecular switch converting signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis. Activation of ras oncogenes has been identified in a variety of cancers, including 30% of acute myelogenous leukemia patients. The purpose of our study was to evaluate serum ras levels and correlate with survival in hematologic cancer patients. Methods: A novel ras p21 ELISA (Oncogene Science/Bayer Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA) employing two monoclonal antibodies reactive with H, K, and N ras was utilized to quantify total ras levels in serum obtained from patients with various hematologic malignancies including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Results: The total leukemia patient group consisted of 52 patients. At the 75th percentile serum ras cutpoint (524 pg/ml) 11/52 patients were defined as elevated for serum ras. From this patient group, 38 patients had clinical followup available and were included in the Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival. Patients with elevated serum ras (>524 pg/ml) had significantly shorter overall survival compared to those without (median OS 205 vs. 677 days) (p= 0.04). In a multivariate analysis including serum ras level and type of leukemia, serum ras level remained a significant independent variable for shorter overall survival (p=0.004). Within leukemia subtypes 2/18 AML, 4/9 CML, 3/7 ALL, and 0/4 CLL patients had elevated serum ras levels. Conclusions: Leukemia patients with elevated serum ras levels had a significantly shorter overall survival. Serum ras should be evaluated as a potential biomarker in larger leukemia trials, especially for response to treatment with inhibitors of the ras signaling pathway. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Changes in cancer incidence and mortality in Australia over the period 1996–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwei Luo ◽  
Julia Steinberg ◽  
Dianne L. O’Connell ◽  
Paul B. Grogan ◽  
Karen Canfell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Australian Study ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Rate ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective A previous Australian study compared the observed numbers of cancer cases and deaths in 2007 with the expected numbers based on 1987 rates. This study examines the impact of cancer rate changes over the 20-year period 1996–2015, for people aged under 75 years. Results The overall age-standardised cancer incidence rate increased from 350.7 in 1995 to 364.4 per 100,000 in 2015. Over the period 1996–2015, there were 29,226 (2.0%) more cases (males: 5940, 0.7%; females: 23,286, 3.7%) than expected numbers based on 1995 rates. Smaller numbers of cases were observed compared to those expected for cancers of the lung for males and colorectum, and cancers with unknown primary. Larger numbers of cases were observed compared to those expected for cancers of the prostate, thyroid and female breast. The overall age-standardised cancer mortality rate decreased from 125.6 in 1995 to 84.3 per 100,000 in 2015. During 1996 to 2015 there were 106,903 (− 20.6%) fewer cancer deaths (males: − 69,007, − 22.6%; females: − 37,896, − 17.9%) than expected based on the 1995 mortality rates. Smaller numbers of deaths were observed compared to those expected for cancers of the lung, colorectum and female breast, and more cancer deaths were observed for liver cancer.

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