scholarly journals 357Infant pacifier sanitization and risk of food allergy: the Barwon Infant Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Soriano ◽  
Jennifer Koplin ◽  
Mike Forrester ◽  
Rachel Peters ◽  
Martin O'Hely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Infant Study ◽  
Pacifier Use ◽  
Pregnant Mothers ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Environmental microbial exposure and human gut microbiota play a role in development of the immune system and susceptibility to food allergy. Pacifier use has been inconsistently associated with allergy, but the association between sanitization and food allergy is unknown. We investigated the association between infant pacifier use, with a consideration of sanitization, and food allergy at age 1 in the Barwon Infant Study (BIS). Methods Questionnaire data were collected prospectively from pregnant mothers from the Barwon region of south-east Australia at baseline and at infant ages 1, 6, and 12 months. Pacifier sanitization was defined as the joint exposure of a pacifier and cleaning methods (antiseptic, mouth, tap water, boiling). Challenge-proven food allergy was determined at age 1. Results Any pacifier use at 6 months was associated with food allergy (aOR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.04-3.61), but not at other ages. This overall association was driven by the joint exposure pacifier-antiseptic use (aOR, 5.90; 95% CI, 2.18-15.97) compared to no pacifier use. Among pacifier users, pacifier-antiseptic was still associated with food allergy (aOR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.55-9.72) when compared to pacifier-no antiseptic use. Further, increased use of pacifier-antiseptic at 0, 1 or 2 interviews over the first 6 months was associated with higher food allergy risk (ptrend=0.005). Conclusions Joint exposure to antiseptics and pacifiers at 6 months increased the odds of food allergy, showing a trend with increased use over time. Key messages This is the first report of pacifiers used with antiseptic being positively associated with challenge-proven food allergy.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in practical inflammation and immunity markers in cancer patients receiving immune-enhancing nutritional supplementation during concurrent chemoradiotherapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nontiya Homkham ◽  
Pooriwat Muangwong ◽  
Veeradej Pisprasert ◽  
Patrinee Traisathit ◽  
Rungarun Jiratrachu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Regular Diet ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND: Immune-enhancing nutrition (IMN) strengthens the systematic inflammatory response and the immune system. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) are affected during cancer therapies. OBJECTIVE: We carried out an analysis of the dynamic changes in NLR and ALC over time in cancer patients with or without IMN supplementation. METHODS: 88 cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were randomized into regular diet group, and regular diet and IMN group.Generalized estimation equation models were used to assess associations between patient’s characteristics, IMN, and dynamic changes in NLR and ALC over time. RESULTS: NLR and ALC at preCCRT were significantly associated with dynamic changes in NLR (adjusted β= 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–1.52) and ALC (adjusted β= 0.41, 95% CI: 0.36–0.46). The magnitudes of the NLR and ALC changes through CCRT were lower in patients receiving IMN, although the differences were not statistically significant except ALC at the end of CCRT in head and neck cancer patients (P= 0.023). CONCLUSION: Dynamic negative changes in both markers were demonstrated throughout CCRT. There were non-significant trend in promising changes in both NLR and ALC values in the whole group in IMN supplementation.

scholarly journals Paediatric anaphylaxis in a Singaporean children cohort: changing food allergy triggers over time

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woei Kang Liew ◽  
Wen Chin Chiang ◽  
Anne EN Goh ◽  
Hwee Hoon Lim ◽  
Oh Moh Chay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Enabling out-of-clinic human immunity studies via single-cell profiling of capillary blood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Dobreva ◽  
David Brown ◽  
Jong Hwee Park ◽  
Matt Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAn individual’s immune system is driven by both genetic and environmental factors that vary over time. To better understand the temporal and inter-individual variability of gene expression within distinct immune cell types, we developed a platform that leverages multiplexed single-cell sequencing and out-of-clinic capillary blood extraction to enable simplified, cost-effective profiling of the human immune system across people and time at single-cell resolution. Using the platform, we detect widespread differences in cell type-specific gene expression between subjects that are stable over multiple days.SummaryIncreasing evidence implicates the immune system in an overwhelming number of diseases, and distinct cell types play specific roles in their pathogenesis.1,2 Studies of peripheral blood have uncovered a wealth of associations between gene expression, environmental factors, disease risk, and therapeutic efficacy.4 For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple mechanistic paths have been found that lead to disease, and gene expression of specific immune cell types can be used as a predictor of therapeutic non-response.12 Furthermore, vaccines, drugs, and chemotherapy have been shown to yield different efficacy based on time of administration, and such findings have been linked to the time-dependence of gene expression in downstream pathways.21,22,23 However, human immune studies of gene expression between individuals and across time remain limited to a few cell types or time points per subject, constraining our understanding of how networks of heterogeneous cells making up each individual’s immune system respond to adverse events and change over time.

scholarly journals Human immune system variation during one year

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadepally Lakshmikanth ◽  
Sayyed Auwn Muhammad ◽  
Axel Olin ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Jaromir Mikes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Individual Feature ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Principal Curve ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYThe human immune system varies extensively between individuals, but variation within individuals over time has not been well characterized. Systems-level analyses allow for simultaneous quantification of many interacting immune system components, and the inference of global regulatory principles. Here we present a longitudinal, systems-level analysis in 99 healthy adults, 50 to 65 years of age and sampled every 3rd month during one year. We describe the structure of inter-individual variation and characterize extreme phenotypes along a principal curve. From coordinated measurement fluctuations, we infer relationships between 115 immune cell populations and 750 plasma proteins constituting the blood immune system. While most individuals have stable immune systems, the degree of longitudinal variability is an individual feature. The most variable individuals, in the absence of overt infections, exhibited markers of poor metabolic health suggestive of a functional link between metabolic and immunologic homeostatic regulation.HIGHLIGHTSLongitudinal variation in immune cell composition during one yearInter-individual variation can be described along a principal curveImmune cell and protein relationships are inferredVariability over time is an individual feature correlating with markers of poor metabolic health

scholarly journals Endospores and other lysis-resistant bacteria comprise a widely shared core community within the human microbiota

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Kearney ◽  
Sean M. Gibbons ◽  
Mathilde Poyet ◽  
Thomas Gurry ◽  
Kevin Bullock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEndospore-formers in the human microbiota are well adapted for host-to-host transmission, and an emerging consensus points to their role in determining health and disease states in the gut. The human gut, more than any other environment, encourages the maintenance of endospore formation, with recent culture-based work suggesting that over 50% of genera in the microbiome carry genes attributed to this trait. However, there has been limited work on the ecological role of endospores and other stress-resistant cellular states in the human gut. In fact, there is no data to indicate whether organisms with the genetic potential to form endospores actually form endosporesin situand how sporulation varies across individuals and over time. Here, we applied a culture-independent protocol to enrich for endospores and other stress-resistant cells in human feces to identify variation in these states across people and within an individual over time. We see that cells with resistant states are more likely than those without to be shared among multiple individuals, which suggests that these resistant states are particularly adapted for cross-host dissemination. Furthermore, we use untargeted fecal metabolomics in 24 individuals and within a person over time to show that these organisms respond to shared environmental signals, and in particular, dietary fatty acids, that likely mediate colonization of recently disturbed human guts.

scholarly journals Potentials of probiotics in the treatment of food allergy – a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Patel ◽  
N. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Treatment Of Food Allergy ◽  
Made In

Food allergy is an adverse immune response to some proteins in some foods. Probiotic, health promoting bacteria have gained much importance because of their innumerable benefits, particularly in the treatment of diarrhea, hypercholesterolemia, atopic dermatitis, eczema, and gastrointestinal disorders by strengthening the immune system. The current paper reviews recent advances made in the treatment of food allergy through employing probiotic or synbiotic therapy. The results of several reports are very promising suggesting probiotics can influence the immune system to curtail the allergic responses.

scholarly journals A Reusable Perfused Human Cadaver Model for Surgical Training: An Initial Proof of Concept Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny M Held ◽  
Robert B McLendon ◽  
Christian S McEvoy ◽  
Travis M Polk
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Regional Perfusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Suture Repair ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Today’s surgical trainees have less exposure to open vascular and trauma procedures. Lightly embalmed cadavers may allow a reusable model that maximizes resources and allows for repeat surgical training over time. Methods This was a three-phased study that was conducted over several months. Segments of soft-embalmed cadaver vessels were harvested and perfused with tap water. To test durability, vessels were clamped, then an incision was made and repaired with 5-0 polypropylene. Tolerance to suturing and clamping was graded. In a second phase, both an arterial-synthetic graft and an arterial-venous anastomosis were performed and tested at 90 mmHg perfusion. In the final phase, lower extremity regional perfusion was performed and vascular control of a simulated injury was achieved. Results Seven arteries and six veins from four cadavers were explanted. All vessels accommodated suture repair over 6 weeks. There was minor leaking at all previous clamp sites. In the anastomotic phase, vessels tolerated grafting, clamping, and perfusion without tearing or leaking. Regional perfusion provided a life-like training scenario. Conclusions Explanted vessels of soft-embalmed cadavers show adequate durability over time with realistic vascular surgery handling characteristics. This shows promise as initial proof of concept for a reusable perfused cadaver model. Further study with serial regional and whole-body perfusion is warranted.

Stress Management and Immune System Reconstitution in Symptomatic HIV-Infected Gay Men Over Time: Effects on Transitional Naive T Cells (CD4+CD45RA+CD29+)

2002 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Antoni ◽  
Dean G. Cruess ◽  
Nancy Klimas ◽  
Kevin Maher ◽  
Stacy Cruess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals The innate immune system and neurogenesis as modulating mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy in pre-clinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086-1097
Author(s):  
Juliette Giacobbe ◽  
Carmine M Pariante ◽  
Alessandra Borsini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
System Response ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a powerful and fast-acting anti-depressant strategy, often used in treatment-resistant patients. In turn, patients with treatment-resistant depression often present an increased inflammatory response. The impact of ECT on several pathophysiological mechanisms of depression has been investigated, with a focus which has largely been on cellular and synaptic plasticity. Although changes in the immune system are known to influence neurogenesis, these processes have principally been explored independently from each other in the context of ECT. Objective: The aim of this review was to compare the time-dependent consequences of acute and chronic ECT on concomitant innate immune system and neurogenesis-related outcomes measured in the central nervous system in pre-clinical studies. Results: During the few hours following acute electroconvulsive shock (ECS), the expression of the astrocytic reactivity marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), were significantly increased together with the neurogenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cell proliferation. Similarly, chronic ECS caused an initial upregulation of the same astrocytic marker, immune genes, and neurogenic factors. Interestingly, over time, inflammation appeared to be dampened, while glial activation and neurogenesis were maintained, after either acute or chronic ECS. Conclusion: Regardless of treatment duration ECS would seemingly trigger a rapid increase in inflammatory molecules, dampened over time, as well as a long-lasting activation of astrocytes and production of growth and neurotrophic factors, leading to cell proliferation. This suggests that both innate immune system response and neurogenesis might contribute to the efficacy of ECT.

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