scholarly journals Dynamics of the Cellular and Humoral Immune Response After BNT162b2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination in COVID-19-Naive Nursing Home Residents

Author(s):  
Jens T Van Praet ◽  
Stefaan Vandecasteele ◽  
Anneleen De Roo ◽  
Matthijs Vynck ◽  
An S De Vriese ◽  
...  

Abstract Short-term humoral and cellular immune responses are diminished after BNT162b2 messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in COVID-19-naive nursing home residents, a population particularly vulnerable to the disease. We found both responses to decline after 4 weeks and remain lower than those of healthcare workers after 24 weeks, with an estimated half-life of the antibody response of 47 days. At 4 weeks, older age was significantly associated with a decreased humoral response, and diabetes mellitus and active malignancy were associated with a decreased cellular response. Our results imply that COVID-19-naive nursing home residents are a target group for booster vaccination trials.

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Parry ◽  
Gokhan Tut ◽  
Rachel Bruton ◽  
Sian Faustini ◽  
Christine Stephens ◽  
...  

Age is the major risk factor for mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection and older people have received priority consideration for COVID-19 vaccination. However, vaccine responses are often suboptimal in this age group and few people over the age of 80 years were included in vaccine registration trials. We determined the serological and cellular response to spike protein in 100 people aged 80–96 years at 2 weeks after the second vaccination with the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Antibody responses were seen in every donor with high titers in 98%. Spike-specific cellular immune responses were detectable in only 63% and correlated with humoral response. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increased antibody responses after one vaccine and antibody and cellular responses remained 28-fold and 3-fold higher, respectively, after dual vaccination. Post-vaccine sera mediated strong neutralization of live Victoria infection and although neutralization titers were reduced 14-fold against the P.1 variant first discovered in Brazil they remained largely effective. These data demonstrate that the mRNA vaccine platform delivers strong humoral immunity in people up to 96 years of age and retains broad efficacy against the P.1 variant of concern.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Rahmahani J ◽  
Handijatno D ◽  
Tyaningsih W ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno

The aims of this research is to determine the ability of sub unit lipopolysacharide(LPS) vaccine of Brucella abortus strain S-19 in mice and goat, including IgM and sub classes IgG antibody humoral response, cellular mediated immune response (IL-2, IFN- γ) in mice, also IgG as humoral immunity, IL-4 and IL-12 as cellular immunity, comparison affectivity with Brucella abortus strain RB-51 vaccine in goat . This research has two steps methods. Step first, 30 Balb C mice were divided into 3 groups and vaccinated subcutaneously, First group injectedB. abortus S-19, second group injected LPS and third group injected sodium chloride solution. Booster vaccination was conducted every two weeks till the eight week after first vaccination. The second step performed vaccinated to 30 goats divided into three groups. First group was injected by subcutaneous LPS 50 µg/ml and second group injected LPS 100 µg/ml and the third group injected with sodium chloride as control. Booster vaccination conducted 2 weeks after first vaccination and second vaccination. Result of the research conferred. Result research, antibody response in mice showed vaccination by LPS of B. abortus S-19 showed higher titer than vaccination by whole cells but inverse cellular response. The both vaccines showed induce subclass antibody response, vaccination by LPS tendency to IgM response but vaccination by Whole cells active vaccine tendency to IgG1, IgG 2a and IgG2b. Response antibody in goat on two weeks after first vaccination, vaccination with LPS of B. abortus S-19, dose 50 µg/ml failed or zero titer IgG response but dose 100 µg/ml was 500response antibody on two weeks after second vaccination by dose 50 µg/ml was 340 but by dose 100 µg/ml was 960, while cellular IL-12 response two weeks after first vaccination by dose 50 µg/ml was 22.88 pg/ml but by 100 µg/ml was 62.15 pg/ml. Response cellular IL -12 two weeks after second vaccination 50 µg/ml was 12.04 pg/ml while by dose100 µg/ml was 130.88pg/ml    Cellular immune response IL-4 on two weeks after first vaccination, dose 50 µg/ml showed 55.57 pg/ml but by dose100 µg/ml was 49.35 pg/ ml. Response cellular IL-4 on two weeks after second vaccination by dose 50 µg/ml  was 22.17 pg/ml but by dose 100 µg/ml was 143.89 pg/ml Keyword: Vaccine sub-unit LPS of Brucella abortus S-19, Humoral antibody, Cellular antibody


2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 131-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
HYUN MO YANG

A mathematical model is developed to assess humoral and cellular immune responses against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Analysis of the model shows a unique non-trivial equilibrium, which is locally asymptotically stable, except in the case of a strong cellular response. When the proliferation of the activated CD8 T cells is increased, this equilibrium becomes unstable and a limit cycle appears. However, this behavior can be avoided by increasing the action of the humoral response. Therefore, unbalanced humoral and cellular responses can be responsible for long asymptomatic period, and the control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection is a consequence of well coordinated action of both humoral and cellular responses.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz M Hollstein ◽  
Lennart Muensterkoetter ◽  
Michael P Schoen ◽  
Armin Bergmann ◽  
Thea M Husar ◽  
...  

Background: Homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2-vaccinations yield different spike protein-directed humoral and cellular immune responses. However, their interdependencies remain elusive. Methods: COV-ADAPT is a prospective, observational cohort study of 417 healthcare workers who received homologous vaccination with Astra (ChAdOx1-S; AstraZeneca) or BNT (BNT162b2; Biontech/Pfizer) or heterologous vaccination with Astra/BNT. We assessed the humoral (anti-spike-RBD-IgG, neutralizing antibodies, antibody avidity) and cellular (spike-induced T cell interferon-y release) immune response in blood samples up to 2 weeks before (T1) and 2 to 12 weeks following secondary immunization (T2). Findings: Initial vaccination with Astra resulted in lower anti-spike-RBD-IgG responses compared to BNT (70+/-114 vs. 226+/-279 BAU/ml, p<0.01) at T1, whereas T cell activation did not differ significantly. Booster vaccination with BNT proved superior to Astra at T2 (anti-spike-RBD-IgG: Astra/BNT 2387+/-1627 and BNT/BNT 3202+/-2184 vs. Astra/Astra 413+/-461 BAU/ml, both p<0.001; spike-induced T cell interferon-y; release: Astra/BNT 5069+/-6733 and BNT/BNT 4880+/-7570 vs. Astra/Astra 1152+/-2243 mIU/ml, both p<0.001). No significant differences were detected between BNT-boostered groups at T2. For Astra, we observed no booster effect on T cell activation. We found associations between anti-spike-RBD-IgG levels (Astra/BNT and BNT/BNT) and T cell responses (Astra/Astra and Astra/BNT) from T1 to T2. There were also links between levels of anti-spike-RBD-IgG and T cell at both time points (all groups combined). All regimes yielded neutralizing antibodies and increased antibody avidity at T2. Interpretation: Interdependencies between humoral and cellular immune responses differ between common SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regimes. T cell activation is unlikely to compensate for poor humoral responses. Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), ER723/3-1


2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2507-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Velikovsky ◽  
Juliana Cassataro ◽  
Guillermo H. Giambartolomei ◽  
Fernando A. Goldbaum ◽  
Silvia Estein ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Brucella abortus lumazine synthase (BLS) gene cloned into the pcDNA3 plasmid, which is driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter. Injection of plasmid DNA carrying the BLS gene (pcDNA-BLS) into BALB/c mice elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses. Antibodies to the encoded BLS included immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgM isotypes. Animals injected with pcDNA-BLS exhibited a dominance of IgG2a over IgG1. In addition, spleen cells from vaccinated animals produced interleukin-2 and gamma interferon but not IL-10 or IL-4 after in vitro stimulation with recombinant BLS (rBLS), suggesting the induction of a Th1 response. Protection was evaluated by comparing the levels of infection in the spleens of vaccinated mice challenged with B. abortus 544. Immunization with pcDNA-BLS- reduced the bacterial burden relative to those in the control groups. Mice immunized with rBLS produced a significant humoral response but did not show a specific cellular response or any protection from challenge. Altogether, these data suggest that pcDNA-BLS is a good immunogen for the production of humoral and cell-mediated responses in mice and is a candidate for use in future studies of vaccination against brucellosis.


Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
David San Segundo ◽  
Alejandra Comins-Boo ◽  
Patricia Lamadrid-Perojo ◽  
Juan Irure-Ventura ◽  
José María Castillo-Otí ◽  
...  

Nursing home residents (NHR) have been targeted as a vaccination priority due to their higher risk of worse outcome after COVID-19 infection. The mRNA-based vaccine BTN2b2 was first approved in Europe for NHRs. The assessment of the specific vaccine immune response (both humoral and cellular) at long term in NHRs has not been addressed yet. A representative sample of 624 NHR subjects in Northern region of Spain was studied to assess immune response against full vaccination with BTN2b2. The anti-S1 antibody levels and specific T cells were measured at two and six months after vaccination. 24.4% of NHR had a previous infection prior to vaccination. The remaining NHR were included in the full vaccination assessment group (FVA). After two months, a 94.9% of the FVA presented anti-S1 antibodies, whereas those seronegative without specific cellular response were 2.54%. At long-term, the frequency of NHR within the FVA group with anti-S1 antibodies at six months were 88.12% and the seronegative subjects without specific cellular response was 8.07%. The cellular immune assays complement the humoral test in the immune vaccine response assessment. Therefore, the cellular immune assessment in NHRs allows for the fine tuning of those seronegative subjects with potential competent immune responses against the vaccine.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Canaday ◽  
Oladayo A. Oyebanji ◽  
Elizabeth White ◽  
Debbie Keresztesy ◽  
Michael Payne ◽  
...  

AbstractNursing home (NH) residents have experienced significant morbidity and mortality to SARS-CoV-2 throughout the pandemic. Vaccines initially curbed NH resident morbidity and mortality, but antibody levels and protection have declined with time since vaccination, prompting introduction of booster vaccination. This study assesses humoral immune response to booster vaccination in 85 NH residents and 44 health care workers (HCW) that we have followed longitudinally since initial SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. The findings reveal that booster vaccination significantly increased anti-spike, anti-receptor binding domain, and neutralization titers above the pre-booster levels in almost all NH residents and HCW to significantly higher levels than shortly after the completion of the initial vaccine series. These data support the CDC recommendation to offer vaccine boosters to HCWs and NH residents on an immunological basis. Notably, even the older, more frail and more multi-morbid NH residents have sizable antibody increases with boosting.


Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Garanina ◽  
Ekaterina Martynova ◽  
Yuriy Davidyuk ◽  
Emmanuel Kabwe ◽  
Konstantin Ivanov ◽  
...  

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in Tatarstan, where thousands of cases are registered annually. Puumala orthohantavirus is commonly detected in human case samples as well as in captured bank voles, the rodent hosts. The pathogenesis of HFRS is still not well described, although the cytokine storm hypothesis is largely accepted. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of a fatal HFRS case compared with twenty four non-fatal cases where activation of the humoral and cellular immune responses, pro-inflammatory cytokines and disturbed blood coagulation were detected using immunological, histological, genetic and clinical approaches. Multiple organ failure combined with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome and acute renal failure was the cause of death. Decreased Interleukin (IL)-7 and increased IL-18, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-5, stem cell growth factor (SCGF)-b and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) serum levels were found, supporting the cytokine storm hypothesis of hantavirus pathogenesis.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia van der Lee ◽  
Debbie M. van Rooijen ◽  
Mary-Lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer ◽  
Marjan J. M. Bogaard ◽  
Pieter G. M. van Gageldonk ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Neil Goldstein ◽  
Viki Bockstal ◽  
Stephan Bart ◽  
Kerstin Luhn ◽  
Cynthia Robinson ◽  
...  

Abstract Background This phase 1 placebo-controlled study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of 2-dose regimens of Ad26.ZEBOV (adenovirus serotype 26 [Ad26]) and MVA-BN-Filo (modified vaccinia Ankara [MVA]) vaccines with booster vaccination at day 360. Methods Healthy US adults (N = 164) randomized into 10 groups received saline placebo or standard or high doses of Ad26 or MVA in 2-dose regimens at 7-, 14-, 28-, or 56-day intervals; 8 groups received booster Ad26 or MVA vaccinations on day 360. Participants reported solicited and unsolicited reactogenicity; we measured immunoglobulin G binding, neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses to Ebola virus glycoprotein. Results All regimens were well tolerated with no serious vaccine-related adverse events. Heterologous (Ad26,MVA [dose 1, dose 2] or MVA,Ad26) and homologous (Ad26,Ad26) regimens induced humoral and cellular immune responses 21 days after dose 2; responses were higher after heterologous regimens. Booster vaccination elicited anamnestic responses in all participants. Conclusions Both heterologous and homologous Ad26,MVA Ebola vaccine regimens are well tolerated in healthy adults, regardless of interval or dose level. Heterologous 2-dose Ad26,MVA regimens containing an Ebola virus insert induce strong, durable humoral and cellular immune responses. Immunological memory was rapidly recalled by booster vaccination, suggesting that Ad26 booster doses could be considered for individuals at risk of Ebola infection, who previously received the 2-dose regimen.


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