scholarly journals Control and Preventive Study of Brucellosis by Using

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Rahmahani J ◽  
Handijatno D ◽  
Tyaningsih W ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune

The aims of this research is to determine the ability of sub unit lipopolysacharide(LPS) vaccine of Brucella abortus strain S-19 in mice and goat, including IgM and sub classes IgG antibody humoral response, cellular mediated immune response (IL-2, IFN- γ) in mice, also IgG as humoral immunity, IL-4 and IL-12 as cellular immunity, comparison affectivity with Brucella abortus strain RB-51 vaccine in goat . This research has two steps methods. Step first, 30 Balb C mice were divided into 3 groups and vaccinated subcutaneously, First group injectedB. abortus S-19, second group injected LPS and third group injected sodium chloride solution. Booster vaccination was conducted every two weeks till the eight week after first vaccination. The second step performed vaccinated to 30 goats divided into three groups. First group was injected by subcutaneous LPS 50 µg/ml and second group injected LPS 100 µg/ml and the third group injected with sodium chloride as control. Booster vaccination conducted 2 weeks after first vaccination and second vaccination. Result of the research conferred. Result research, antibody response in mice showed vaccination by LPS of B. abortus S-19 showed higher titer than vaccination by whole cells but inverse cellular response. The both vaccines showed induce subclass antibody response, vaccination by LPS tendency to IgM response but vaccination by Whole cells active vaccine tendency to IgG1, IgG 2a and IgG2b. Response antibody in goat on two weeks after first vaccination, vaccination with LPS of B. abortus S-19, dose 50 µg/ml failed or zero titer IgG response but dose 100 µg/ml was 500response antibody on two weeks after second vaccination by dose 50 µg/ml was 340 but by dose 100 µg/ml was 960, while cellular IL-12 response two weeks after first vaccination by dose 50 µg/ml was 22.88 pg/ml but by 100 µg/ml was 62.15 pg/ml. Response cellular IL -12 two weeks after second vaccination 50 µg/ml was 12.04 pg/ml while by dose100 µg/ml was 130.88pg/ml    Cellular immune response IL-4 on two weeks after first vaccination, dose 50 µg/ml showed 55.57 pg/ml but by dose100 µg/ml was 49.35 pg/ ml. Response cellular IL-4 on two weeks after second vaccination by dose 50 µg/ml  was 22.17 pg/ml but by dose 100 µg/ml was 143.89 pg/ml Keyword: Vaccine sub-unit LPS of Brucella abortus S-19, Humoral antibody, Cellular antibody

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Cellular and Humoral Immune Response After BNT162b2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination in COVID-19-Naive Nursing Home Residents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens T Van Praet ◽  
Stefaan Vandecasteele ◽  
Anneleen De Roo ◽  
Matthijs Vynck ◽  
An S De Vriese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Short-term humoral and cellular immune responses are diminished after BNT162b2 messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in COVID-19-naive nursing home residents, a population particularly vulnerable to the disease. We found both responses to decline after 4 weeks and remain lower than those of healthcare workers after 24 weeks, with an estimated half-life of the antibody response of 47 days. At 4 weeks, older age was significantly associated with a decreased humoral response, and diabetes mellitus and active malignancy were associated with a decreased cellular response. Our results imply that COVID-19-naive nursing home residents are a target group for booster vaccination trials.

scholarly journals A DNA Vaccine Encoding Lumazine Synthase from Brucella abortus Induces Protective Immunity in BALB/c Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2507-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Velikovsky ◽  
Juliana Cassataro ◽  
Guillermo H. Giambartolomei ◽  
Fernando A. Goldbaum ◽  
Silvia Estein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Lumazine Synthase ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Brucella abortus lumazine synthase (BLS) gene cloned into the pcDNA3 plasmid, which is driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter. Injection of plasmid DNA carrying the BLS gene (pcDNA-BLS) into BALB/c mice elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses. Antibodies to the encoded BLS included immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgM isotypes. Animals injected with pcDNA-BLS exhibited a dominance of IgG2a over IgG1. In addition, spleen cells from vaccinated animals produced interleukin-2 and gamma interferon but not IL-10 or IL-4 after in vitro stimulation with recombinant BLS (rBLS), suggesting the induction of a Th1 response. Protection was evaluated by comparing the levels of infection in the spleens of vaccinated mice challenged with B. abortus 544. Immunization with pcDNA-BLS- reduced the bacterial burden relative to those in the control groups. Mice immunized with rBLS produced a significant humoral response but did not show a specific cellular response or any protection from challenge. Altogether, these data suggest that pcDNA-BLS is a good immunogen for the production of humoral and cell-mediated responses in mice and is a candidate for use in future studies of vaccination against brucellosis.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2-antibody response in health care workers after vaccination or natural infection in a longitudinal observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Herzberg ◽  
Tanja Vollmer ◽  
Bastian Fischer ◽  
Heiko Becher ◽  
Ann-Kristin Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study ◽  
Antibody Ratio

Background Following a year of development, several vaccines have been approved to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic. Real world comparative data on immune response following vaccination or natural infection are rare. Methods We conducted a longitudinal observational study in employees at a secondary care hospital affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparisons were made about the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunglobulin G (IgG) antibody ratio after natural infection, or vaccination with one or two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2), or one dose of AstraZenca (Vaxzevria) vaccine. Results We found a 100% humoral response rate in participants after 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. The antibody ratio in participants with one dose BNT162b2 and Vaxzevria did not differ significantly to those with previous PCR-confirmed infection, whereas this was significantly lower in comparison to two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer. We could not identify a correlation with previous comorbidities, obesity or age within this study. Smoking showed a negative effect on the antibody response (p=0.006) Conclusion Our data provide an overview about humoral immune response after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or following vaccination, and supports the usage of booster vaccinations, especially in patients after a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Against the Natural Infection By Sars-Cov-2 in Oncohematological Patients with Post-COVID19 Autologous Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5040-5040
Author(s):  
Adrián Sánchez-Tornero ◽  
Lorena Vigon ◽  
Guiomar Casado-Fernandez ◽  
Javier Garcia-Pérez ◽  
Elena Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Background : Oncohematological patients may have a lower immune response against SARS-CoV-2, both to natural infection and to vaccines. Most studies have focused on the analysis of the humoral response, which means that the information available on the cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 in these patients is limited. Current recommendations include vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSTC), regardless of whether they have been previously exposed to the virus. These recommendations are based on previous studies with other vaccines. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the immune response that is developed in these patients in order to make specific recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination. Objective : To study the humoral and cellular immune response before and after AHSTC in patients with oncohematological neoplasms who were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 before the transplantation. Materials & methods : Nine patients with previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 who underwent AHSTC (Table 1) and 8 healthy donors who recovered from mild COVID-19 were recruited from Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Primary Healthcare Center Pedro Laín Entralgo (Madrid, Spain), respectively. Specific direct cellular cytotoxicity (DCC) of PBMCs from these patients against Vero E6 cells infected with pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 was determined. The activation of caspase-3 in Vero cells was measured after 1 hour of co-culture with PBMCs, in which cytotoxic cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was analyzed by quantifying the binding of Annexin V to rituximab-coated Raji cells as targets of PBMCs. Results : 1) 66% of AHSTC patients did not develop detectable levels of IgGs against SARS-CoV-2 (Fig. 1). In 33% of these patients with detectable IgG, the titers decreased after AHSTC, as well as their neutralizing capacity (Fig. 1B and C). 2) AHSTC patients showed increased levels of immature B cells (9.5-fold; p=0.0586) and plasmablasts (28.8-fold), in comparison with healthy donors who had mild COVID-19, while naive and resting memory B cells decreased 1.7- and 6.9-fold, respectively. 3) Specific DCC against SARS-CoV-2-infected cells increased 1.5-fold in comparison with healthy donors (Fig. 2A). Cytotoxic populations with NK phenotypes (CD3-CD56+CD16+), NKT (CD3+CD56+CD16+), and CD8+ T cells (CD3+CD8+TCRγδ+) increased 1.9- (p=0.0311), 1.9- (p=0.0592), and 1.6-fold, respectively (Fig. 2B). ADCC increased 2.1-fold in PBMCs from AHSTC patients in comparison with healthy donors (p = 0.0592). Conclusions : Our data show for the first time how the humoral and cellular immune response against the natural infection by SARS-Cov-2 may be modified in patients who were subsequently subjected to AHSTC. Although the humoral response may be reduced after AHSTC, the specific cellular response showed an increased cytotoxic activity. These results could be extrapolated to patients who were vaccinated against COVID-19 prior to AHSTC. Therefore, this information could be useful to define the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination after AHSTC. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Garcia-Gutiérrez: Pfizer: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy.

scholarly journals The human immune response to saliva of Phlebotomus alexandri, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Iraq, and its relationship to sand fly exposure and infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009378
Author(s):  
Ines Lakhal-Naouar ◽  
Rami Mukbel ◽  
Robert F. DeFraites ◽  
Rupal M. Mody ◽  
Lina N. Massoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Human Immune Response ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Cellular Immune

Background Sand fly saliva exposure plays an important role in immunity against leishmaniasis where it has mostly been associated with protection. Phlebotomus (Ph.) alexandri transmits Leishmania (L.) infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), in Iraq. Our group recently demonstrated that 20% of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) deployers had asymptomatic VL (AVL) indicative of prior infection by the parasite L. infantum. Little is known about Ph. alexandri saliva, and the human immune response to it has never been investigated. Here, we characterize the humoral and cellular immune response to vector saliva in OIF deployers naturally exposed to bites of Ph. alexandri and characterize their immunological profiles in association to AVL. Methodology/Principal findings The humoral response to Ph. alexandri salivary gland homogenate (SGH) showed that 64% of 200 OIF deployers developed an antibody response. To assess the cellular immune response to saliva, we selected a subcohort of subjects based on their post-travel (median 4 months; range 1–22 months) antibody response (SGH Antibody [Ab] positive or negative) as well as their AVL status; ten never-traveled controls were also included. Banked peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), collected ~10 years after end of deployment, were stimulated with SGH for 96 hours. The levels of IFN- γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17 were determined by ELISA. Our findings indicate that OIF deployers mounted a cellular response to SGH where the anti-SGH+ asymptomatic subjects developed the highest cytokine levels. Further, stimulation with SGH produced a mixture of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed no correlation between the cellular immune response to Ph. alexandri SGH and prevention from asymptomatic infection with L. infantum. Conclusions/Significance As we found, although all infected deployers demonstrated persistent disease control years after deployment, this did not correlate with anti-saliva systemic cellular response. More exposure to this vector may facilitate transmission of the L. infantum parasite. Since exposure to saliva of Ph. alexandri may alter the human immune response to bites of this vector, this parameter should be taken into consideration when considering the VL risk.

scholarly journals Nano-Microparticle Platforms in Developing Next-Generation Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cappellano ◽  
Hugo Abreu ◽  
Chiara Casale ◽  
Umberto Dianzani ◽  
Annalisa Chiocchetti
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Effector Functions

The first vaccines ever made were based on live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, either whole cells or fragments. Although these vaccines required the co-administration of antigens with adjuvants to induce a strong humoral response, they could only elicit a poor CD8+ T-cell response. In contrast, next-generation nano/microparticle-based vaccines offer several advantages over traditional ones because they can induce a more potent CD8+ T-cell response and, at the same time, are ideal carriers for proteins, adjuvants, and nucleic acids. The fact that these nanocarriers can be loaded with molecules able to modulate the immune response by inducing different effector functions and regulatory activities makes them ideal tools for inverse vaccination, whose goal is to shut down the immune response in autoimmune diseases. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and liposomes are biocompatible materials approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use and are, therefore, suitable for nanoparticle-based vaccines. Recently, another candidate platform for innovative vaccines based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been shown to efficiently co-deliver antigens and adjuvants. This review will discuss the potential use of PLGA-NPs, liposomes, and EVs as carriers of peptides, adjuvants, mRNA, and DNA for the development of next-generation vaccines against endemic and emerging viruses in light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals mRNA vaccination in people over 80 years of age induces strong humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with cross neutralization of P.1 Brazilian variant

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Parry ◽  
Gokhan Tut ◽  
Rachel Bruton ◽  
Sian Faustini ◽  
Christine Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Age is the major risk factor for mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection and older people have received priority consideration for COVID-19 vaccination. However, vaccine responses are often suboptimal in this age group and few people over the age of 80 years were included in vaccine registration trials. We determined the serological and cellular response to spike protein in 100 people aged 80–96 years at 2 weeks after the second vaccination with the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Antibody responses were seen in every donor with high titers in 98%. Spike-specific cellular immune responses were detectable in only 63% and correlated with humoral response. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increased antibody responses after one vaccine and antibody and cellular responses remained 28-fold and 3-fold higher, respectively, after dual vaccination. Post-vaccine sera mediated strong neutralization of live Victoria infection and although neutralization titers were reduced 14-fold against the P.1 variant first discovered in Brazil they remained largely effective. These data demonstrate that the mRNA vaccine platform delivers strong humoral immunity in people up to 96 years of age and retains broad efficacy against the P.1 variant of concern.

scholarly journals Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG against the S Protein: A Comparison of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Joanna Szczepanek ◽  
Monika Skorupa ◽  
Agnieszka Goroncy ◽  
Joanna Jarkiewicz-Tretyn ◽  
Aleksandra Wypych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Nicolaus Copernicus ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background: COVID-19 vaccines induce a differentiated humoral and cellular response, and one of the comparable parameters of the vaccine response is the determination of IgG antibodies. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed at three time points (at the beginning of May, at the end of June and at the end of September). Serum samples were obtained from 954 employees of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (a total of three samples each were obtained from 511 vaccinated participants). IgG antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The statistical analysis included comparisons between vaccines, between convalescents and COVID-19 non-patients, between individual measurements and included the gender, age and blood groups of participants. Results: There were significant differences in antibody levels between mRNA and vector vaccines. People vaccinated with mRNA-1273 achieved the highest levels of antibodies, regardless of the time since full vaccination. People vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 produced several times lower antibody levels compared to the mRNA vaccines, while the antibody levels were more stable. In the case of each of the vaccines, the factor having the strongest impact on the level and stability of the IgG antibody titers was previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were no significant correlations with age, gender and blood type. Summary: mRNA vaccines induce a stronger humoral response of the immune system with the fastest loss of antibodies over time.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Permissive Epitope Insertion Site in Adenovirus Hexon

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 5361-5370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. McConnell ◽  
Xavier Danthinne ◽  
Michael J. Imperiale
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Robust Immune Response

ABSTRACT A robust immune response is generated against components of the adenovirus capsid. In particular, a potent and long-lived humoral response is elicited against the hexon protein. This is due to the efficient presentation of adenovirus capsid proteins to CD4+ T cells by antigen-presenting cells, in addition to the highly repetitive structure of the adenovirus capsids, which can efficiently stimulate B-cell proliferation. In the present study, we take advantage of this immune response by inserting epitopes against which an antibody response is desired into the adenovirus hexon. We use a B-cell epitope from Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) as a model antigen to characterize hypervariable region 5 (HVR5) of hexon as a site for peptide insertion. We demonstrate that HVR5 can accommodate a peptide of up to 36 amino acids without adversely affecting virus infectivity, growth, or stability. Viruses containing chimeric hexons elicited antibodies against PA in mice, with total immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers reaching approximately 1 × 103 after two injections. The antibody response contained both IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes, suggesting that Th1 and Th2 immunity had been stimulated. Coinjection of wild-type adenovirus and a synthetic peptide from PA produced no detectable antibodies, indicating that incorporation of the epitope into the capsid was crucial for immune stimulation. Together, these results indicate that the adenovirus capsid is an efficient vehicle for presenting B-cell epitopes to the immune system, making this a useful approach for the design of epitope-based vaccines.

scholarly journals Cellular Immune Response against Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Infecting the Preinflamed Middle Ear of the Junbo Mouse

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik P. Vikhe ◽  
Tom Purnell ◽  
Steve D. M. Brown ◽  
Derek W. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major pathogen causing acute otitis media (AOM). The pathology of AOM increases during long-term infection in the middle ear (ME), but the host cellular immune response to bacterial infection in this inflamed environment is poorly understood. Using the Junbo mouse, a characterized NTHi infection model, we analyzed the cellular response to NTHi infection in the Junbo mouse middle ear fluid (MEF). NTHi infection increased the total cell number and significantly decreased the proportion of live cells in the MEF at day 1, and this further decreased gradually on each day up to day 7. Flow cytometry analysis showed that neutrophils were the dominant immune cell population in the MEF and that NTHi infection significantly increased their proportion whereas it decreased the monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell proportions. Neutrophil and macrophage numbers increased in blood and spleen after NTHi infection. The T-cell population was dominated by T-helper (Th) cells in noninoculated MEF, and the effector Th (CD44+) cell population increased at day 2 of NTHi infection with an increase in IL-12p40 levels. Sustained NTHi infection up to 3 days increased the transforming growth factor β levels, decreasing the effector cell population and increasing the T-regulatory (T-reg) cell population. In the preinflamed ME environment of the Junbo mouse, neutrophils are the first responder to NTHi infection followed by T-reg immune suppressive cells. These data indicate that sustained NTHi infection in the ME induces the immune suppressive response by inducing the T-reg cell population and reducing immune cell infiltration, thus promoting longer-term infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document