scholarly journals European Analytical Criteria: Past, Present, and Future

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Vanhaecke ◽  
Petra Gowik ◽  
Bruno Le Bizec ◽  
Leen Van Ginkel ◽  
Emmanuelle Bichon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
European Analytical ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
European Regulatory ◽  
Draft Version ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Analytical Equipment

Abstract In this paper, the past, present, and (possible) future of the European analytical criteria for residues are described. The elaboration of the revision of Commission Decision 93/256/EC was a long process starting in 1996 and ending with the formation of a European Commission (EC) working group in 1998. This working group took account of developments in scientific and technical knowledge at that time and produced a draft version of the revision within 6 months. The revision, finally published in 2002 (2002/657/EC), includes new ideas on the identification of analytes and the criteria for performance assessment as well as validation procedures. Currently (2009), the evolution in analytical equipment and progress in scientific research, accompanied by recent European regulatory changes, demands an update or revision of the 2002/657/EC.

Enlightening Symbols

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Number System ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Mathematical Notation ◽  
Rhetorical Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mathematical Symbols ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Different Cultures

While all of us regularly use basic mathematical symbols such as those for plus, minus, and equals, few of us know that many of these symbols weren't available before the sixteenth century. What did mathematicians rely on for their work before then? And how did mathematical notations evolve into what we know today? This book explains the fascinating history behind the development of our mathematical notation system. It shows how symbols were used initially, how one symbol replaced another over time, and how written math was conveyed before and after symbols became widely adopted. Traversing mathematical history and the foundations of numerals in different cultures, the book looks at how historians have disagreed over the origins of the number system for the past two centuries. It follows the transfigurations of algebra from a rhetorical style to a symbolic one, demonstrating that most algebra before the sixteenth century was written in prose or in verse employing the written names of numerals. It also investigates the subconscious and psychological effects that mathematical symbols have had on mathematical thought, moods, meaning, communication, and comprehension. It considers how these symbols influence us (through similarity, association, identity, resemblance, and repeated imagery), how they lead to new ideas by subconscious associations, how they make connections between experience and the unknown, and how they contribute to the communication of basic mathematics. From words to abbreviations to symbols, this book shows how math evolved to the familiar forms we use today.

scholarly journals Rethinking Non-Financial Reporting: A Blueprint for Structural Regulatory Changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Monciardini ◽  
Jukka Tapio Mähönen ◽  
Georgina Tsagas
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe article introduces the thematic issue of Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium dedicated to the regulation of non-financial reporting. It provides the reader with an overview of the varying approaches and frameworks that have emerged over time in relation to the reporting of non-financial information. In particular, the article focuses on the European Non-Financial Reporting Directive. We maintain that to date this latter initiative has failed to deliver on its intended objectives. In the context of the ongoing revision process of this initiative, the present paper outlines five key areas to be improved drawing on the lessons learnt from the past as well as from key points raised by the papers in the present thematic issue. What emerges from this collective effort is a renewed agenda that highlights some of the structural failures of the current reporting regime and a blueprint for future reforms. The final section summarises the various contributions of articles included in this thematic issue.

Variant Versions of Jose Bonifácio’s “Plan for the Civilization of the Brazilian Indians”

1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
George C. A. Boehrer
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Independence Movements

The leaders of the independence movements in the several Ibero-American areas frequently turned their attention to the problems of the aborigine. Usually the liberators’ concern was restricted to the pious hope that the Indian would be incorporated into creole society. Detailed programs to this end were not presented. The chief exception was José Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva’s Apontamentos para a civilização dos índios bravos do Império do Brasil. Mostly a drawing upon the experience of the past with a blending of the new ideas of the Enlightenment, the Apontamentos present little new. They are today important because, along with José Bonifácio’s more celebrated treatise on the Negro slave, they show an interest in social problems to which few of his contemporaries gave more than a passing glance. In the present century, they have become the guidepost for Brazil’s Indian program. As such they have frequently been hailed by Brazilians when the Indian problem is discussed.

Think Tanks in East Asia in Need of More Cooperation and More Networking: NEAT after its Ten Years

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
John WONG
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Important Progress

NEAT is a loosely constituted regional scheme under the ASEAN plus Three (APT) framework. Its main objectives are to promote exchange among APT scholars and research institutes in the region, and to promote relevant research that can facilitate the APT regional cooperation process. Research is done through organising Working Groups. NEAT has made important progress in the past 10 years. To grow and expand in future, it will have to improve on its networking function and strengthen its Working Group mechanism.

scholarly journals Entertaining eminence in the British Journal of Psychiatry

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
General Readership ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Internet Portals

The challenges for scientific journals at the beginning of 21st century are exciting but formidable. In addition to reporting faithfully new knowledge and new ideas, each journal, or at least all those aiming for a general readership, has to cater for a potentially huge lay readership waiting at the internet portals, a hungry press eager for juicy titbits, and core readers who, while impressed to some extent by weighty contributions to knowledge, are also looking for lighter material that is both informative and entertaining. In the past this type of content was frowned on as mere journalism, fluff of short-term appeal but no real substance. The lighter approach was pioneered by Michael O'Donnell as editor of World Medicine in the 1970s, who introduced a brand of racy articles, debates and controversial issues in a tone of amusing and irreverent iconoclasm. At this time it was dismissed as a comic by some of the learned journals but its popularity ensured that in subsequent years its critics quietly followed suit, as any current reader of the British Medical Journal and the Lancet will testify.

Materials Characterization Techniques for Solar Cell Devices

2013 ◽  
pp. 294-307
Author(s):  
Michael S. Hatzistergos
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Materials Characterization ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Past ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Analytical Equipment

Characterization of an issue provides the required information to determine the root cause of a problem and direct the researcher towards the appropriate solution. Through the explosion of nanotechnology in the past few years, the use of sophisticated analytical equipment has become mandatory. There is no one analytical technique that can provide all the answers a researcher is looking for. Therefore, a large number of very different instruments exist, and knowing which one is best to employ for a specific problem is key to success.

ODACE SLA

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaouthar Fakhfakh ◽  
Tarak Chaari ◽  
Said Tazi ◽  
Mohamed Jmaiel ◽  
Khalil Drira
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Semantic Matching ◽  
The Third ◽  
Draft Version ◽  
Fourth Step

The establishment of Service Level Agreements between service providers and clients remains a complex task regarding the uninterrupted growth of the IT market. In fact, it is important to ensure a clear and fair establishment of these SLAs especially when providers and clients do not share the same technical knowledge. To address this problem, the authors started modeling client intentions and provider offers using ontologies. These models helped them in establishing and implementing a complete semantic matching approach containing four main steps. The first step consists of generating correspondences between the client and the provider terms by assigning certainties for their equivalence. The second step corrects and refines these certainties. In the third step, the authors evaluate the matching results using inference rules, and in the fourth step, a draft version of a Service Level Agreement is automatically generated in case of compatibility.

Comment on Risk versus Hazard – How to Regulate in the 21st Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
Dennis Paustenbach ◽  
Julie Panko
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Regulatory Process ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Current State ◽  
European Regulatory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

In this issue of the journal, Dr. Ragnar Lofstedt examines the current state of the EU regulatory framework with respect to chemicals and illustrates how the hazard-based approach sealed the fate of two important chemicals in the EU market-place. He also explores how the attitudes, technical knowledge and economic influences of the individual member states determine the outcome of environmental and chemical regulations. Lastly, Dr. Lofstedt provides some recommendations to improve consistency in the European regulatory process and ensure greater scientific, as well as, risk-based regulations.

SUMMARY OF WORKING GROUP 3: NEW CHALLENGES IN THEORY AND MODELING

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 4198-4203
Author(s):  
LUCA GIANNESSI
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Plasma Sources ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Theory And Modeling ◽  
Generation Of Radiation

Working group three was devoted to contributions on theory and modeling of devices and new ideas, aiming at increasing the beam brightness and at generating radiation at short wavelengths. The contributions presented span from the beam dynamics in radiofrequency accelerators, emittance compensation schemes and optimization of the beam brightness at low energy, analysis of the emittance dilution processes during acceleration and compression, laser plasma sources and the generation of radiation in FELs and other radiation sources. Analysis specifically oriented to the modeling of the beam and radiation dynamics were also presented.

The vocacyon of Johan Bale and Early English Autobiography

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Fairfield
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Early English ◽  
Sub Specie Aeternitatis ◽  
The Middle Ages

Sixteenth-Century Englishmen were not frequently given to self-scrutiny—at least not in writing. This was a disinclination which they shared with their medieval forbears, since autobiography was not a very common form of literary activity in the Middle Ages. Monastic self-analysis, sub specie aeternitatis and guided by the standard categories of virtues and vices—yes. Coherent study of the self, for its own sake and in all its quirks and idiosyncracies—scarcely ever. In the early sixteenth century, the murmur of new ideas from Italy did begin to touch England: a sense of distance and of difference between the present and the past, and an awakened appreciation for the discrete, the singular in human personality.

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