Enzymolysis–Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation for Extraction of Volatile Oil from Atractylodes Chinensis and Its Hypoglycemic Activity in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitong Wang ◽  
Meixing Yan ◽  
Ruiqing Qin ◽  
Yanling Gong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Structure ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Microwave Time

Abstract Background Atractylodes chinensis (family Asteraceae) is a perennial herb with many pharmacological effects. Objective Extraction of volatile oil from Atractylodes chinensis was optimized and its hypoglycemic activities were studied. Methods Enzymolysis–microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (EMAHD) was adopted to extract the volatile oil, and the technology was optimized using a single-factor experiment that incorporated response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction rates of volatile oil by EMAHD, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and hydrodistillation (HD) methods were compared at different times. The ingredients of Atractylodes chinensis volatile oil were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the microstructural changes in Atractylodes chinensis residue before and after extraction. The inhibition of α-amylase activity was determined. Results The obtained optimal extraction conditions for EMAHD were as follows: enzyme concentration 1.6%, pH 7, enzymolysis time 20 min, enzymolysis temperature 50°C, liquid–solid ratio 30:1, microwave power 455 W, and microwave time 40 min. The levels of the main ingredients and the in vitro inhibition of α-amylase activities were higher for Atractylodes chinensis volatile oil extracted by EMAHD than by HD or MAHD. The powder residue of Atractylodes chinensis remaining after EMAHD showed a ruptured and collapsed cell structure, indicating accelerated dissolution of the volatile oil. Conclusions and Highlights EMAHD is deemed a method with many advantages for extraction of volatile oil from Atractylodes chinensis. The volatile oil of Atractylodes chinensis is a promising component for treating hyperglycemia.

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extracting of Proanthocyanidins from Purple Cabbage and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3500-3504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Lin Li ◽  
Xiao Ming Chen ◽  
Jing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Central Composite

A central composite rotatable design combined with response surface methodology was employed to study the effect of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) conditions namely microwave power, extraction time, liquid-solid ratio and ethanol proportion on the proanthocyanidins extraction from purple cabbage. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: microwave power, 260 W; extraction time, 54s; liquid to solid ratio, 43; and ethanol concentration, 57%. The results showed proanthocyanidins had a significant effect on scavenging of DPPH radicals. At last, proanthocyanidins were identified by thin layer chromatography.

scholarly journals Toxicity of JUUL Fluids and Aerosols Correlates Strongly with Nicotine and Some Flavor Chemical Concentrations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther E. Omaiye ◽  
Kevin J. McWhirter ◽  
Wentai Luo ◽  
James F. Pankow ◽  
Prue Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACTWhile JUUL electronic cigarettes (ECs) have captured the majority of the EC market with a large fraction of their sales going to adolescents, little is known about their cytotoxicity and potential effects on health. The purpose of this study was to determine flavor chemical and nicotine concentrations in the eight currently marketed pre-filled JUUL EC cartridges (“pods”) and to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the different variants (e.g., “Cool Mint” and “Crème Brulee”) using in vitro assays. Nicotine and flavor chemicals were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in pod fluid before and after vaping and in the corresponding aerosols. 59 flavor chemicals were identified in JUUL pod fluids, and three were >1 mg/mL. Duplicate pods were similar in flavor chemical composition and concentration. Nicotine concentrations (average 60.9 mg/mL) were significantly higher than any EC products we have analyzed previously. Transfer efficiency of individual flavor chemicals that were >1mg/mL and nicotine from the pod fluid into aerosols was generally 35 - 80%. All pod fluids were cytotoxic at a 1:10 dilution (10%) in the MTT and neutral red uptake assays when tested with BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells. Most aerosols were cytotoxic in these assays at concentrations >1%. The cytotoxicity of aerosols was highly correlated with nicotine and ethyl maltol concentrations and moderately to weakly correlated with total flavor chemical concentration and menthol concentration. Our study demonstrates that: (1) some JUUL flavor pods have high concentrations of flavor chemicals that may make them attractive to youth, and (2) the concentrations of nicotine and some flavor chemicals (e.g. ethyl maltol) are high enough to be cytotoxic in acute in vitro assays, emphasizing the need to determine if JUUL products will lead to adverse health effects with chronic use.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Active Constituents in Callus of Lavandula angustifolia plant in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2(SI)) ◽  
pp. 0591
Author(s):  
Zainab Salman et al.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Callus Tissues

This study was conducted to describe a protocol for the callus establishing culture of Lavandula angustifolia plant and estimating their content of volatile oil. The quantity of volatile oil callus tissues was compared with that of leaves production. Callus was induced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Benzyl adenine (BA) in different concentrations. Maximum callus fresh weight was obtained in the combination of 10 mg/L BA and 3 mg/L NAA which reached 18 g after four weeks. The results of this work showed that the  quantity of volatile oil from the highest fresh weight callus was 6 ml compared with quantity of 18g of leaves which gave 0.5 ml. Volatile oil of leaf and callus extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry method (GC-MS) which showed linoleic acid (56.61%) and oleic acid (57.93%) as main components.

Modified Distillers' Grains by Microwave-Assisted Hydrolysis for Cu2+ Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Rong Rong Su ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Yan Fang Zhou ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin ◽  
Juan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Temperature Time

Sodium hydroxide was used to modify distillers' grains (DG) assisted by microwave in order to comprehensive utilization of distillers' grains (DG). The property of distillers' grains (DG) before and after modified was investigated as well as modified conditions. 0.1g of different modified distillers' grains (MDG) was, respectively, used as the absorbents for removal of heavy metal Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution at pH 7 and 25°C for 10h. The results show that the modification temperature, time and liquid to solid ratio has little effect on absorption of the modified distillers' grains (MDG) for Cu2+ except for concentration of alkali, 5% (wt/v) is the optimum concentration. 5% (wt/v) of the alkali concentration, the hydrolysis temperature of 20°C and the hydrolysis time of 30min and the ratio of liquid to solid ratio of 5:1 were, respectively, used as the optimized conditions to modified distillers' grains (MDG). The removal efficiency of the modified distillers' grains (MDG) for Cu2+ (20.00 mg·L1) is 98.11% under optimized conditions.

scholarly journals Antimalarial, Antitrypanosomal, Antimicrobial Activities and Volatile Oil Profile of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) Rich (Annonaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3897-3908
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica

The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) to well-recognized antimalarial drugs is now common in nearly every area of its prevalence; consequently, there is a need to explore therapeutic plants that have bioactive compounds which can be utilized in the manufacture of antimalarial drugs. The in vitro potency of the volatile oil (VO) of Xylopia aethiopica (X. aethiopica) was evaluated against P. falciparum 3D7 strain, a human malaria parasite, a good activity against the parasite P. falciparum was recorded with an IC50 of 14 µg/mL. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the fruit oil of X. aethiopica was determined at a concentration of 50 µg/mL against HeLa cells and was found to show no cytotoxicity effect at this concentration; this could be an indication of the safety of the fruit oil as a targeted drug for mammalian organisms. , The antibacterial property of the VO from the fruit of X. aethiopica, was evaluated in vitro; the fruit oil exhibited good antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, with Klebsiella pneumoniae having the highest inhibition zone of 19.0 ± 1.4 mm. The result recorded for MBC/MFC confirms that VO of this plant can be used in therapeutic preparations, particularly in the infections brought about by some of these microorganisms as practiced by traditional healers in folkloric medicines. This appears to justify the numerous folkloric therapeutic uses of the aerial parts of this plant. The hydro distilled volatile oil from X. aethiopica was characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), an abundance of monoterpenes hydrocarbon (58.0%), followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (30.13%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (8.96%), and fatty acid (0.74%) were well represented. The significant quantitative constituents of the fruit oil are 1, 8-cineole (16.73%), β-pinene (11.59%), sabinene (10.76%), 1R-α-pinene (8.30%), α-phellandrene (8.34%).

scholarly journals The Volatile Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Leaves of Chorisia Speciosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Kausar ◽  
Azeem Intisar ◽  
Muhammad Imran Din ◽  
Aqsa Aamir ◽  
Tajamal Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
First Time

Abstract. In this study, volatile composition of leaves of Chorisia speciosa was studied first time. The oil was extracted by microwave-assisted oil extraction and constituents were separated and characterized by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. A yield of 0.21% was obtained and a total of 25 constituents were identified. Most dominating constituents were: caryophyllene (32.26 %), bicyclogermacrene (9.88 %), humulene (9.26 %), α-selinene (9.18 %) and β-elemene (8.06 %). The anti-bacterial activity of volatile oil was also evaluated against four pathogenic strains. The oil showed different zones of inhibition against different microbes where strongest activity was found against S. aureus (25 mm), moderate activity (15 mm) against E. coli and no activity against S. typhi (9 mm) at the dose value of 3.64 mg. The observed antibacterial activity was due to the presence of various biologically active major and minor constituents.

scholarly journals Composition and acaricidal activity of essential oil from Elsholtzia densa Benth against Sarcoptes scabiei mites in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhou ◽  
F Liao ◽  
J Weng ◽  
Q Mo ◽  
R Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Ms Analysis

Plant-based natural products represent an alternative to chemical compounds for the control of mites in veterinary medicine. Here, the essential oil of Elsholtzia densa (E. densa) Benth was extracted using hydrodistillation at a rate of 1.2%. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis indicated that the principal compounds in the volatile oil of the sample were 4-Pyridinol (28.16%) and thymol (26.58%). The acaricidal activity of E. densa oil against Sarcoptes scabiei (S. scabiei) was tested in vitro. Toxicity test data were analysed using a complementary log-log (CLL) model. The E. densa oil was prepared in five concentrations by dilution with liquid paraffin (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/ml) and exhibited strong toxicity against S. scabiei with LT<sub>50</sub> values of 16.637, 5.075, 2.884, 1.184 and 0.760 h, respectively. The LC<sub>50</sub> values were 7.678, 4.623, 2.543, 1.502, 1.298 and 0.981 mg/ml for S. scabiei at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h, respectively. Compared to the control, the essential oil showed significant effects against S. scabiei in vitro. At 16 mg/ml, E. densa oil was found to kill all mites within a 16-h period. The results indicate that E. densa oil possesses potential acaricidal activity in vitro and may be exploited as a novel drug for the effective control of S. scabiei.

scholarly journals Extraction, Characterization, Antioxidant, and Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from Hedyotis corymbosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-mei Lin ◽  
Su-hui Xiong ◽  
Ling-jia Zhao ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Zhi-min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction

In this study, optimization of enzyme-assisted extraction, purification, characterization, and its bioactivities of polysaccharides from Hedyotis corymbosa (HCP) was investigated. It was found that the optimum extraction conditions were 3% of enzyme concentration (X1), 30 of liquid-to-solid ratio (X2), 56°C of extraction temperature (X3), 200W of ultrasonic power (X4), 10 min of extraction time (X5), and 5 of pH value (X6). Under optimum conditions, the experimental yield (4.10 ± 0.16%) was closed to the predicted value (4.02%). The crude HCP was further purified using DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 gel column, and a major polysaccharide fraction from HCP, designed as HCP-1a with molecular weight of 33.9 kDa, was obtained. The HCP and HCP-1a were characterized by chemical analysis, FT-IR, and HPLC. For antioxidant activities in vitro, HCP possessed strong hydroxyl radical scavenging, DPPH radical scavenging, and Fe2+ chelating activities. In subsequent immunostimulatory studies, significantly decreased NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations were observed in both of HCP and HCP-1a treated RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, this study may indicate some insights into the application of polysaccharides from Hedyotis corymbosa as potential natural antioxidants and immunostimulants.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Constituents and Biological Activities of Peristrophe Bicalyculata and Borreria verticillata

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽  
Tameka M. Walker ◽  
Anita Bansal ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
Emmanuel E. Essien
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Human Breast Tumor ◽  
Peristrophe Bicalyculata

Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz) Nees (Acanthaceae) or ‘The Goddess of Mercy’ and Borreria verticillata (L.) G.F.W. Mey., (Rubiaceae), or ‘Irawo-Ile’ (Yoruba, South-west, Nigeria), are annual herbs, which are poorly exploited. The volatile oils obtained by hydrodistillation in an all glass Clevenger-type apparatus from the plant samples have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). With respect to the oil of P. bicalyculata, β-caryophyllene (33.9%), α-zingiberene (10.4%), germacrene D and globulol (5.0%) were the compounds occurring in abundance. The oil of B. verticillata had an abundance of phytol (56.3%) and 1, 8-cineole (20.4%), with sizeable proportions of α-pinene (7.1%) and p-cymene (4.0%). In addition, the volatile oils displayed promising in-vitro antimicrobial activity against the tested micro-organisms, (MIC 12.5-22.3 μg/mL), while only the oil of P. bicalyculata displayed in-vitro cytotoxicity to MCF-7 (human breast tumor) and MDA-MB-468 (human breast tumor) cells. The present investigation may be the first of its kind for the evaluation of the volatile oil constituents of the studied plants.

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