scholarly journals Antimalarial, Antitrypanosomal, Antimicrobial Activities and Volatile Oil Profile of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) Rich (Annonaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3897-3908
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica

The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) to well-recognized antimalarial drugs is now common in nearly every area of its prevalence; consequently, there is a need to explore therapeutic plants that have bioactive compounds which can be utilized in the manufacture of antimalarial drugs. The in vitro potency of the volatile oil (VO) of Xylopia aethiopica (X. aethiopica) was evaluated against P. falciparum 3D7 strain, a human malaria parasite, a good activity against the parasite P. falciparum was recorded with an IC50 of 14 µg/mL. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the fruit oil of X. aethiopica was determined at a concentration of 50 µg/mL against HeLa cells and was found to show no cytotoxicity effect at this concentration; this could be an indication of the safety of the fruit oil as a targeted drug for mammalian organisms. , The antibacterial property of the VO from the fruit of X. aethiopica, was evaluated in vitro; the fruit oil exhibited good antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, with Klebsiella pneumoniae having the highest inhibition zone of 19.0 ± 1.4 mm. The result recorded for MBC/MFC confirms that VO of this plant can be used in therapeutic preparations, particularly in the infections brought about by some of these microorganisms as practiced by traditional healers in folkloric medicines. This appears to justify the numerous folkloric therapeutic uses of the aerial parts of this plant. The hydro distilled volatile oil from X. aethiopica was characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), an abundance of monoterpenes hydrocarbon (58.0%), followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (30.13%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (8.96%), and fatty acid (0.74%) were well represented. The significant quantitative constituents of the fruit oil are 1, 8-cineole (16.73%), β-pinene (11.59%), sabinene (10.76%), 1R-α-pinene (8.30%), α-phellandrene (8.34%).

scholarly journals Essential Oil Constituents and Biological Activities of Peristrophe Bicalyculata and Borreria verticillata

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽  
Tameka M. Walker ◽  
Anita Bansal ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
Emmanuel E. Essien
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Human Breast Tumor ◽  
Peristrophe Bicalyculata

Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz) Nees (Acanthaceae) or ‘The Goddess of Mercy’ and Borreria verticillata (L.) G.F.W. Mey., (Rubiaceae), or ‘Irawo-Ile’ (Yoruba, South-west, Nigeria), are annual herbs, which are poorly exploited. The volatile oils obtained by hydrodistillation in an all glass Clevenger-type apparatus from the plant samples have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). With respect to the oil of P. bicalyculata, β-caryophyllene (33.9%), α-zingiberene (10.4%), germacrene D and globulol (5.0%) were the compounds occurring in abundance. The oil of B. verticillata had an abundance of phytol (56.3%) and 1, 8-cineole (20.4%), with sizeable proportions of α-pinene (7.1%) and p-cymene (4.0%). In addition, the volatile oils displayed promising in-vitro antimicrobial activity against the tested micro-organisms, (MIC 12.5-22.3 μg/mL), while only the oil of P. bicalyculata displayed in-vitro cytotoxicity to MCF-7 (human breast tumor) and MDA-MB-468 (human breast tumor) cells. The present investigation may be the first of its kind for the evaluation of the volatile oil constituents of the studied plants.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Characterization of a Non-Polar Extract of Saffron Stamens in Food Matrix

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Severino Zara ◽  
Giacomo L. Petretto ◽  
Alberto Mannu ◽  
Giacomo Zara ◽  
Marilena Budroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
By Products

The production of saffron spice generates large quantities of plant by-products: over 90% of the plant material collected is discarded, and a consideration fraction of this waste is plant stamens. This work investigated the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activities of the non-polar fraction extracted from four different saffron flower stamens. The chemical composition of ethereal extracts of the saffron stamens was qualitatively assessed by means of gas–chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. These analyses revealed ethereal extracts to possess a high polyunsaturated fatty acid content. In vitro antibacterial activity of stamen extracts showed no large differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). In food matrix microbial analysis of the bacterial strains belonging to the main foodborne pathogen species, including Staphylococcus aureus DSM 20231, Escherichia coli DSM 30083, and Listeria monocytogenes DSM 20600, using low-fat UHT milk, revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of cells (particularly for E. coli and S. aureus with a complete elimination of the population of the two target bacteria following incubation in diethyl ether extracts of saffron stamen (DES) at high concentrations tested, both at 37 °C and 6 °C (for 48 h and 7 days, respectively). A synergic effect was observed when the pathogens were incubated at 6 °C with DES. This work shows these by-products to be excellent sources of bioactive compounds, which could be exploited in high-added-value products, such as food, cosmetics, and drugs.

scholarly journals Determination of Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Essential Oil from Leaves of Apium graveolens Grown in Saudi Arabia

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7372
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Foudah ◽  
Mohammed H. Alqarni ◽  
Aftab Alam ◽  
Mohammad Ayman Salkini ◽  
Pravej Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Docking Simulation ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The aim of this study was to explore the composition and evaluate the in silico and in vitro antioxidants and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of Apium graveolens var. dulce leaves essential oil (AGO) collected from Al-Kharj (Saudi Arabia). AGO was isolated using the hydro-distillation method, and its composition was studied using gas-chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), antimicrobial activities using well diffusion assay, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using spectrophotometric methods. The pharmacological activities of their major compounds were predicted using PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) and drug-likening properties by ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) through web-based online tools. Isocnidilide (40.1%) was identified as the major constituent of AGO along with β-Selinene, Senkyunolide A, Phytyl acetate, and 3-Butylphthalide. AGO exhibited a superior antibacterial activity, and the strongest activity was detected against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. Additionally, it exhibited a weaker antioxidant potential and stronger anti-inflammatory effects. PASS prediction supported the pharmacological finding, whereas ADMET revealed the safety of AGO. The molecular docking of isocnidilide was carried out for antibacterial (DNA gyrase), antioxidant (tyrosinase), and anti-inflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2) activities. The docking simulation results were involved hydrophilic interactions and demonstrated high binding affinity of isocnidilide for anti-inflammatory protein (cycloxygenase-2). The presence of isocnidilide makes AGO a potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. AGO, and its major metabolite isocnidilide, may be a suitable candidate for the future drug development.

scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

scholarly journals Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil and Oleoresins Obtained from Black Cumin Seeds (Nigella sativaL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Singh ◽  
S. S. Das ◽  
G. Singh ◽  
Carola Schuff ◽  
Marina P. de Lampasona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Black Cumin

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the major components in black cumin essential oils which were thymoquinone (37.6%) followed by p-cymene (31.2%),α-thujene (5.6%), thymohydroquinone (3.4%), and longifolene (2.0%), whereas the oleoresins extracted in different solvents contain linoleic acid as a major component. The antioxidant activity of essential oil and oleoresins was evaluated against linseed oil system at 200 ppm concentration by peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, ferric thiocyanate, ferrous ion chelating activity, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging methods. The essential oil and ethyl acetate oleoresin were found to be better than synthetic antioxidants. The total phenol contents (gallic acid equivalents, mg GAE per g) in black cumin essential oil, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and n-hexane oleoresins were calculated as11.47±0.05,10.88±0.9,9.68±0.06, and8.33±0.01, respectively, by Folin-Ciocalteau method. The essential oil showed up to 90% zone inhibition againstFusarium moniliformein inverted petri plate method. Using agar well diffusion method for evaluating antibacterial activity, the essential oil was found to be highly effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Active Constituents in Callus of Lavandula angustifolia plant in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2(SI)) ◽  
pp. 0591
Author(s):  
Zainab Salman et al.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Callus Tissues

This study was conducted to describe a protocol for the callus establishing culture of Lavandula angustifolia plant and estimating their content of volatile oil. The quantity of volatile oil callus tissues was compared with that of leaves production. Callus was induced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Benzyl adenine (BA) in different concentrations. Maximum callus fresh weight was obtained in the combination of 10 mg/L BA and 3 mg/L NAA which reached 18 g after four weeks. The results of this work showed that the  quantity of volatile oil from the highest fresh weight callus was 6 ml compared with quantity of 18g of leaves which gave 0.5 ml. Volatile oil of leaf and callus extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry method (GC-MS) which showed linoleic acid (56.61%) and oleic acid (57.93%) as main components.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY PROFILING, IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY, AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF DURANTA ERECTA LEAVES

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
RAJESWARI R ◽  
PRABHAKARAN V ◽  
SARAVANAKUMAR A
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Objective: The present study aims at the preliminary phytochemical evaluation, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity, and anthelmintic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of D. erecta leaves. Methods: The hydroalcoholic extraction of the plant material is done with Soxhlet apparatus and the GC–MS profiling of the extract is performed. The in vitro cytotoxicity activity of the extract is done using the MOLT-3 cell lines. The anthelmintic activity is performed using Pheretima posthuma. Results: The GC–MS analysis shows the presence of various secondary metabolites with proved pharmacological activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity and the anthelmintic activity of the extract show the beneficial effect of the plant. Conclusion: The flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins present in the plant extract may support the cytotoxic and anthelmintic activity of the plant.

scholarly journals Bactericidal and In-Vitro Cytotoxic Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) Fabricated by Endophytic Actinomycetes and Their Use as Coating for the Textile Fabrics

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem S. Salem ◽  
Ehab F. EL-Belely ◽  
Gniewko Niedbała ◽  
Maryam M. Alnoman ◽  
Saad El-Din Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability

An endophytic strain of Streptomyces antimycoticus L-1 was isolated from healthy medicinal plant leaves of Mentha longifolia L. and used for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), through the use of secreted enzymes and proteins. UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses of the Ag-NPs were carried out. The XRD, TEM, and FT-IR analysis results demonstrated the successful biosynthesis of crystalline, spherical Ag-NPs with a particle size of 13–40 nm. Further, the stability of the Ag-NPs was assessed by detecting the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) at 415 nm for one month or by measuring the NPs surface charge (−19.2 mV) by zeta potential analysis (ζ). The green-synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity at different concentrations (6.25–100 ppm) against the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium with a clear inhibition zone ranging from (9.5 ± 0.4) nm to (21.7 ± 1.0) mm. Furthermore, the green-synthesized Ag-NPs displayed high efficacy against the Caco-2 cancerous cell line (the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 5.7 ± 0.2 ppm). With respect to antibacterial and in-vitro cytotoxicity analyses, the Ag-NPs concentration of 100 ppm was selected as a safe dose for loading onto cotton fabrics. The scanning electron microscopy connected with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) for the nano-finished fabrics showed the distribution of Ag-NPs as 2% of the total fabric elements. Moreover, the nano-finished fabrics exhibited more activity against pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, even after 10 washing cycles, indicating the stability of the treated fabrics.

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