scholarly journals 154 A genetic marker for PRRS resistance has no adverse effect on economically important traits in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 145-145
Author(s):  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Dinesh Thekkoot ◽  
Bob Kemp ◽  
Jack Dekkers ◽  
Graham Plastow
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Sow Reproduction ◽  
Porcine Respiratory

Abstract Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) is a very costly viral disease of pigs. A genetic marker for host response to PRRS on chromosome 4 (rs80800372, (WUR)) could be used to select for resilience to PPRS. However, before including WUR in selection, it is necessary to know effects of WUR on economically important traits without PRRS. A dataset with both genotypes and phenotypes on purebred Duroc (D), Landrace (L), Yorkshire (Y) and crossbred (LY or DLY) pigs was used. A total of 20 traits were tested. Sow reproduction and litter traits were available on > 13,000 D, L and Y and 1,549 LY sows. Growth and ultrasound traits were recorded on >35,000 D, L and Y and 2,622 DLY pigs. Daily feed intake (70-120kg) was from 4,133 Durocs. Carcass and meat quality traits were from 2,184 Durocs, 1,160 Yorkshires and 2,184 DLY pigs. All animals were genotyped using a custom SNP chip ( > 55K) including WUR. Analyses were done within each breed using an animal model. WUR was fitted as a fixed effect by classifying pigs with one or two favourable alleles (B) into one group and others into a second group. Contemporary group, parity, litter, lactation length and net fostering effects were considered depending on the traits. Relationship matrices were constructed using pedigree in purebreds and genotypes in crossbreds. WUR had no significant ( P >0.05 ) effect on any trait, except for number of pigs alive at 24hrs in Y and ultrasound loin depth in D and Y ( P< 0.05 ) but the favorable WUR allele also had favorable effects on these two traits. These results were similar to the report by Dunkelberger et al. (J. Anim. Sci. 2017, 95: 2838). In conclusion, WUR had no adverse effects on any trait and can be used to select pigs with increased resilience to PRRS.

scholarly journals Effect of environmental factor on some litter traits of sows in the tropics Mexican

2016 ◽  
pp. 5102-5111
Author(s):  
Jesús Ek M ◽  
José Segura C ◽  
Alejandro Alzina L
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Parity Number ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Season Interaction ◽  
Size At Birth

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the effect of environmental factors on litter traits at birth and weaning, and their repeatabilities in four farms in the sub-humid tropics of Mexico. Materials and methods. Data from 46.249 to 50.316 litters for litter size at birth (LSB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), litter weight at birth (LWB), number of piglets weaned (NPW) and litter weight at weaning (LWW) were used. The statistical model for LSB, NBA and LWB included the effects of farm, farrowing year, farrowing season, parity number, simple interactions, random effects of sow and the error term. NPW and LWW were analyzed using the previous model plus the linear and quadratic effects of lactation length (LL). Results. The means for LSB, NBA, LWB, NPW and LWW were 11.7 piglets, 11.0 piglets, 16.1 kg, 10.3 piglets and 61.3 kg, respectively. All effects in the model affected the litter traits. Farrowing year x season interaction was significant for NPW, LWB and LWW. The dry season had the highest LSB, NBA y NPW. First parity sows had higher LSB and NBA means than for second parity sows. Parity increase until parity 4 to decrease thereafter. LL had a quadratic effect on NPW and LWW. Repeatability estimates for LSB, NBA, and LWB were 0.12, 0.12 and 0.14, respectively. Conclusions. All traits studied were influenced by the environmental factors studied. Repeatabilities for LSB, NBA and LWB were low. RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de factores ambientales sobre características de la camada al nacer y al destete, y sus repetibilidades en cuatro granjas en el trópico sub-húmedo de México. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron los datos de 50.316 a 46.249 camadas para el total de lechones nacidos (LSB), lechones nacidos vivos (NBA) y peso de la camada al nacimiento (LWB), lechones destetados (NPW) y peso de la camada al destete (LWW). El modelo estadístico para LSB, NBA y LWB incluyen los efectos de granja, año, época, número de parto, interacciones simples, efecto aleatorio de cerda y error. El modelo para NPW y LWW incluyó los factores anteriores y además, los efectos lineal y cuadrático de largo de lactación (LL). Resultados. Las medias para LSB, NBA, LWB, NPW y LWW fueron 11.7 lechones, 11.0 lechones, 16.1 kg, 10.3 lechones y 61.3 kg, respectivamente. Todos los factores estudiados afectaron las características de la camada. La interacción de año x época fue significativa para NPW, LWB y LWW. La época seca presentó las mayores medias de LSB, NBA y NPW. Las cerdas primer parto obtuvieron medias de LSB y NBA superiores que las cerdas del segundo parto. Las medias por número de parto incrementaron hasta el cuarto, para después disminuir. La LL obtuvo un efecto cuadrático sobre NPW y LWW. Las repetibilidades estimadas para LSB, NBA, y LWW fueron 0.12, 0.12 y 0.14, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Todos los factores ambientales estudiados afectaron las características de la camada al nacer y al destete. Las repetibilidades estimadas fueron bajas.

scholarly journals Control integral del PRRSv mediante el concepto de las 5 fases: revisión crítica

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Sala Echave ◽  
Rebeca López-Úbeda ◽  
Guillermo Ramis ◽  
Iván Hernández Caravaca
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Porcine Respiratory ◽  
Phase Process

El Síndrome Reproductivo y Respiratorio Porcino (PRRSV) es una enfermedad viral que causa importantes pérdidas económicas y productivas, afectando la reproducción en cerdas gestantes, la calidad del semen en verracos y, ocasionando enfermedad respiratoria en lechones en transición y cebo, reduciendo el crecimiento de los cerdos y provocando un aumento de la mortalidad. Este síndrome cuenta con diversas cepas patógenas, muchas de ellas no incluidas en las actuales vacunas. En consecuencia, los cerdos nunca estarán completamente protegidos frente a esta enfermedad, debido a la capacidad permanente de recombinación y mutación propia del virus. El proceso de las 5 fases surge fruto de la experiencia y la búsqueda de desarrollar metodologías que unifiquen criterios y herramientas de diagnóstico, prevención y bioseguridad para el control de esta enfermedad. En conclusión, la plataforma de las 5 fases hace posible el abordaje en conjunto de la enfermedad, sirviendo como herramienta integral de utilidad para el control exitoso de esta enfermedad. Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome is a viral disease, which causes important economic and productive losses, affecting reproduction in pregnant sows, semen quality in boars and, causing respiratory disease in growing and fattening piglets, reducing pig growth and causing increased mortality. This syndrome is caused by several pathogenic strains, many of which are not included in current vaccines. Consequently, pigs will never be completely protected against this disease, due to the permanent recombination and mutation capacity of the virus. The five-phase process is the result of experience and the search to develop methodologies that unify criteria and tools for diagnosis, prevention and biosecurity for the control of this disease. In conclusion, the 5-phases platform makes it possible to approach the disease as a whole, providing it as an integral tool for success on this disease.

scholarly journals Functional study of a genetic marker allele associated with resistance to Ascaris suum in pigs

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
PER SKALLERUP ◽  
STIG M. THAMSBORG ◽  
CLAUS B. JØRGENSEN ◽  
HEIDI L. ENEMARK ◽  
AYAKO YOSHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Marker Allele ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYTwo single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP TXNIP and SNP ARNT), both on chromosome 4, have been reported to be associated with roundworm (Ascaris suum) burden in pigs. In the present study, we selected pigs with two SNP TXNIP genotypes (AA; n = 24 and AB; n = 24), trickle-infected them with A. suum from 8 weeks of age until necropsy 8 weeks later, and tested the hypothesis that pigs with the AA genotype would have higher levels of resistance than pigs of AB genotype. We used different indicators of resistance (worm burden, fecal egg counts (FEC), number of liver white spots and A. suum-specific serum IgG antibody levels). Pigs of the AA genotype had lower mean macroscopic worm burden (2·4 vs 19·3; P = 0·06), lower mean total worm burden (26·5 vs 70·1; P = 0·09) and excreted fewer A. suum eggs at week 8 PI (mean number of eggs/g feces: 238 vs 1259; P = 0·14) than pigs of the AB genotype, as expected based on prior associations. The pigs were also genotyped at another locus (SNP ARNT) which showed a similar trend. This study provides suggestive evidence that resistant pigs may be selected using a genetic marker, TXNIP, and provides further support to the quantitative trait locus on chromosome 4.

Studies in sow reproduction. 2. The effect of lactation length on the subsequent reproductive performance of the sow

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
M. A. Varley ◽  
P. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sow Reproduction

SUMMARYForty litters were weaned from their Landrace × Landrace × Large White dams at 2-day intervals to give a range of lactation lengths from 4 to 42 days. A significant (P<0·001) negative curvilinear relationship was observed between lactation length and the interval from weaning to first oestrus. This period was increased by 4·2 days with the reduction of lactation from 42 to 4 days. The relationship between lactation length and the interval from farrowing to remating was significant (P<0·001) and positively linear over the whole range of observations. A decrease of 1 day in lactation length reduced this interval by 0·91 days. Very short lactations were associated with reduced litter size at the following farrowing; sows weaned after lactation lengths between 4 and 21 days had an average litter size of 9–6 piglets born per litter in the next parity, whereas sows weaned following lactation lengths between 21 and 42 days had an average of 12·7 piglets born in the next parity (P<0·01).

Environmental and genetic factors affecting milk yield and quality in three Italian sheep breeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Selvaggi ◽  
Angela Gabriella D'Alessandro ◽  
Cataldo Dario
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The aims of the study described in the Research Communication were to determine the level of influence of some environmental factors on milk yield and quality traits, including lactose, and lactation length in ewes belonging to three different Italian breeds and to estimate the heritability for the same traits. A total of 2138 lactation records obtained from 535 ewes belonging to three different Italian breeds (Comisana, Leccese, and Sarda) were used. Breed significantly affected all of the considered traits. Moreover, year of lambing affected milk yield and lactation length without influence on milk quality traits. Parity affected significantly only the milk yield, whereas type of birth showed its effect on milk yield, fat, protein, and lactose yield. On the whole, the presently reported heritability estimates are within the range of those already obtained in other dairy breeds by other authors, with values for lactation length being very low in all the investigated populations. Considering the heritability estimates for lactose content and yield, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of information on these parameters in ovine species and this is the first report on heritability of lactose content and yield in dairy sheep breeds. Our results suggest that genetic variability for milk traits other than lactation length is adequate for selection indicating a good response to selection in these breeds.

Studies in sow reproduction 5. The effect of lactation length of the sow on the subsequent embryonic development

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Varley ◽  
D. J. A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Sow Reproduction ◽  
Sampling Times

SummaryForty-five female pigs (sows) were allocated at random to one of three lactation lengths: 7 days, 21 days, 42 days. All sows were remated at the first post-weaning oestrus and were slaughtered at 20 days post coitum. The reproductive tracts were removed, dissected and examined. Ovulation rates as determined by luteal count were similar for all three groups, but the number of viable embryos decreased significantly (P < 0·05) from 13·0 for the 42-day lactation group to 9·2 for the 7-day lactation group. This difference was reflected in a significant (P < 0·01) reduction in the percentage embryo survival rate as lactation length was reduced. Uterine lengths for the 7-day lactation group were significantly (P < 0·05) shorter than the other two groups. Six sows in each treatment group were blood sampled: at weaning, at remating, at 2 days post-mating, at 10 days post-mating and at 20 days post-mating. The plasma samples obtained were assayed for progesterone. No differences were observed between treatment groups for plasma progesterone concentration at any of the sampling times. It is concluded that the reduction of the litter size at the next farrowing following a short lactation length is largely a result of increased embryo death in the first 20 days of gestation.

scholarly journals Investigation of SNPs in theATP1A2, CA3andDECR1genes mapped to porcine chromosome 4: analysis in groups of pigs divergent for meat production and quality traits

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Davoli ◽  
Luca Fontanesi ◽  
Silvia Braglia ◽  
Irma Nisi ◽  
Emilio Scotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Production ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Porcine Chromosome

Studies in sow reproduction 6. The effect of lactation length on pre-implantation losses

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Varley ◽  
D. J. A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Embryo Loss ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sow Reproduction

ABSTRACTThirty Landrace × (Landrace × Large White) sows were used to investigate the importance of pre-implantation losses in the embryonic mortality of the early-weaned sow. The sows were allocated at random to one of two lactation lengths, namely, 7 or 42 days. Following weaning and remating the sows were slaughtered at 9 days post coitum. Ovulation rates were similar for both groups (15·3 and 15·1 for the 7-day and 42-day weaned groups respectively). Numbers of embryos present at 9 days post coitum were 12·5 for the 42-day group and 11·2 for the 7-day group and the difference was non-significant. Percentage embryo survival was 83·5% for the 42-day group and 74·3% for the 7-day group; the difference was non-significant. It was concluded that the bulk of embryo loss in the early-weaned sow occurred after the pre-implantation stage and was probably at or around implantation.

The Resolution and Contrast in Biological Sections Determined by Inelastic and Elastic Scattering

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
D. L. Misell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Elastic Ratio

In the electron microscopy of biological sections the adverse effect of chromatic aberration on image resolution is well known. In this paper calculations are presented for the inelastic and elastic image intensities using a wave-optical formulation. Quantitative estimates of the deterioration in image resolution as a result of chromatic aberration are presented as an alternative to geometric calculations. The predominance of inelastic scattering in the unstained biological and polymeric materials is shown by the inelastic to elastic ratio, I/E, within an objective aperture of 0.005 rad for amorphous carbon of a thickness, t=50nm, typical of biological sections; E=200keV, I/E=16.

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