86 Anthelmintic Resistance in Angus Bulls Participating in Regional Performance Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Roger T Rohrbaugh ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
Scott A Bowdridge
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Regional Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Resistance to anthelmintics, more commonly referred to as “de-wormers,” has been on the rise in parasites that affect cattle. Parasite infection can have severe impacts on calf productivity resulting in reduced profitability. Therefore, we sought to better understand anthelmintic resistance in Appalachia by surveying Angus bulls entering performance tests in VA and WV. During a four-year period, over 1050 Angus bulls were tested at bull development facilities in Wardensville, WV, Culpeper, VA, and Wytheville, VA. Fecal samples were collected at arrival and 14 days later for determination of fecal egg count (FEC) reduction. Upon arrival, all bulls received either fenbendazole (Wardensville, WV) or moxidectin (both VA tests). In Wardensville, treatment with albendazole had a 96.7% FEC reduction, whereas, treatment with moxidectin at Culpeper and Wytheville stations resulted in FEC reduction of 29% and 34.9%, respectively. Gain during these 14 days was significantly lower for bulls from Wytheville (0.87 kg/d) than those of Culpeper and Wardensville (1.87 and 2.1 kg/d; respectively). These data can be partially explained by higher bull FEC after treatment in Wytheville (101 eggs/g) compared to bulls in Wardensville and Culpeper (3.4 and 46.4 eggs/g respectively). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between delivery FEC and average daily gain. Taken together these data demonstrate resistance to moxidectin in bulls from the Appalachian region, and that elevated parasite infection may have contributed to reduced gain during the transition period.

PSXIV-18 Genetic improvement for resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in growing meat goats and hair sheep through a centralized performance test in the southcentral USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 493-493
Author(s):  
Arthur L Goetsch ◽  
Yoko Tsukahara ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Steven P Hart ◽  
Lionel J Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Progress from selecting meat goats and hair sheep from different farms in the southcentral United States for resistance to internal parasitism during three consecutive central performance tests was evaluated. Tests entailed 7–10 wk of data collection after artificial infection of growing males with Haemonchus contortus larvae. There were 44, 50, and 50 Boer, Kiko, and Spanish goats and 54, 55, 34, and 47 Dorper, Katahdin-farm-A, Katahdin-farm-B, and St. Croix sheep, respectively. In year 1, males were randomly selected and in years 2 and 3 were progeny of sires and females classified as highly and moderately resistant. Criteria for males was average daily gain and residual feed intake during the performance test and means of fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume after artificial infection and for females was FEC and FAMACHA on-farm. There were interactions in FEC of breed×year (P < 0.001) for both species (1,046; 1,134; and 2,630 for Boer; 3,781; 1,239; and 1,216 for Kiko; 1,303; 1,357; and 1,464 for Spanish; 3,288; 1,956; and 1,315 for Dorper; 1,528; 1,759; and 2,241 for Katahdin-A, 2,414; 3,874; and 1,793 for Katahdin-B; and 1,371; 1,160; and 1,175 eggs/g for St. Croix in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and year×resistance group (RG; P = 0.005) for goats (1,359; 610, and 552 for high; 1,951; 1,268; and 1,440 for moderate; 2,821; 1,852; and 3,118 eggs/g for low RG in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively) but not for sheep (P = 0.639). In conclusion, resistance appeared greatest for Spanish and St. Croix within species and was increased by selection of Kiko and Dorper. For highly resistant goats, lower FEC in year 2 and 3 vs. 1, compared with no year differences for moderate and low RG, indicates selection progress, and the lack of similar differences for sheep may reflect their relatively greater resistance.

scholarly journals Effect of Experimental Infection withHaemonchus contortuson Parasitological and Local Cellular Responses in Resistant and Susceptible Young Creole Goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bambou ◽  
T. Larcher ◽  
W. Ceï ◽  
P. J. Dumoulin ◽  
N. Mandonnet
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Mononuclear Cell Infiltration ◽  
Blood Eosinophilia ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Genetic Status ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was carried out to evaluate the relationships of cellular changes in the abomasal mucosa and parasitological parameters, by comparing resistant and susceptible young Creole goats (kids) after experimental infection withHaemonchus contortus. The kids were infected over 2 periods (challenges 1 and 2) of 7 and 6 weeks, respectively. Fecal egg count (FEC), blood eosinophilia, packed cell volume (PCV), and body weight were weekly monitored. At the end of both challenges a subgroup of kids was slaughtered for nematode burden measurements and analysis of inflammatory cell infiltration in the abomasal mucosa. The average daily gain was higher in resistant kids after both challenges. Blood eosinophilia and FEC were higher in susceptible kids after both challenges. The number of immature worms and the means of female length were lower after challenge 2 whatever the genetic status. No differences were observed in the eosinophil and mononuclear cell infiltration between challenges 1 and 2 and resistant and susceptible kids. Globule leukocyte infiltration was found higher after the challenge 1 in resistant kids. This effect of the genetic status on globule leukocytes counts but not on the other inflammatory cell highlights the need for further study on the functional activity of these cell populations.

scholarly journals The bacterial infections of respiratory tract of swine

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dosen ◽  
J. Prodanov ◽  
D. Milanov ◽  
I. Stojanov ◽  
I. Pusic
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
Daily Gain

Respiratory diseases are one of the most important problem in modern, intensive swine production, in the world but also in our country. Intensifying pig production increases frequency and economic importance of this disease, regardless to the measures for its control. Great economic losses are expressed through direct losses due to death and compulsory slaughter, reduced daily gain, a larger feed intake for average daily gain, prolonged time of fattening, enlarged costs of treatment and a high percentage of light pigs in abattoirs. As a material for research we used the parts of respiratory organs (the lungs and mediastinal lymphonodes) deriving from 125 pigs in total. The evaluation included animals from: 11 industrial swine farms, four medium sized swine farms, and swine deriving from 17 individual (private) backyards. Bacterial isolation was carried out by aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophyl microorganism cultivation. The identification included determination of their phisiological properties by biochemical characteristics. From the examined samples of respiratory organs, the most frequently were isolated Pasteurella sp. (26.57%), E. coli (26.57%), Streptococcus sp. (16.7%), Staphylococcus sp. (5.59%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.90%). The solitary infective agens from total 72 examined samples was isolated (57.60%), while in 53 examined samples (42.4%) the presence of mixed infection was detected.

scholarly journals 1 A survey of anthelmintic resistance in Angus bulls participating in centralized performance tests in Appalachia

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Roger T Rohrbaugh ◽  
Andrew R Weaver ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
Scott A Bowdridge
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Bull Calves

Abstract Parasitism in weaned calves and anthelmintic resistance can negatively impact performance and reduce profitability. To better understand anthelmintic resistance, bulls were evaluated for fecal egg count (FEC) at performance test facilities in Virginia and West Virginia. Over a two-year period, 532 Angus bull calves were tested at bull development facilities in Wardensville, WV (n = 274), Culpeper, VA (n = 167), and Wytheville, VA (n = 91). Fecal samples were collected upon arrival and 14 d later, representing the warm-up or transition period. At arrival, bulls were treated with either albendazole (Wardensville) or moxidectin (both VA tests). Data were analyzed via the general linear model of SAS with fixed effects of station and year. Correlation analysis of arrival FEC and transition ADG was analyzed using the correlation procedure in SAS. The average FEC reduction (FECR) in bulls at Wardensville was 98%; whereas, FECR at Culpeper and Wytheville was 46% and 16% respectively. Average FEC of bulls at Wytheville, Culpeper and Wardensville were different (P < 0.05) after treatment and had a FEC of 133, 51, 3 eggs/g, respectively. Transition ADG favored bulls from Wardensville and Culpeper (2.43 and 2.31 kg/d; P > 0.05) where bulls at Wytheville had lower ADG compared to either station (1.03 kg/d; P < 0.01). Correlation between arrival FEC and transition ADG was negative for bulls in Wardensville (-0.22; P = 0.0003). This same response was not observed at other stations. Lack of a correlation was most likely due to infection level being so low that abundant feed resources masked effects of parasitism, or parasitism was so great that all cattle transitioned poorly. Nonetheless, these data clearly demonstrate the efficacy of albendazole in significantly reducing fecal egg output in bull calves and identify potential resistance to moxidectin.

Association of growth performance with atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia detected at slaughter in a conventional pig herd in Hungary

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Donkó ◽  
Melinda Kovács ◽  
T. Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Lung Consolidation ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Gain Reduction ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Daily Gain

The influence of atrophic rhinitis (AR) and pneumonia on growth performance was assessed in a conventional farrow-to-finish pig farm affected by both diseases. All tested pigs (n = 138) were individually weighed at birth, at weaning, at moving to the growing/finishing unit, and at slaughtering. The extent (grade) of turbinate atrophy and lung consolidation attributable to pneumonia was determined in each pig at slaughter. A negative correlation was found between birth weight and the prevalence of nasal lesions at slaughter, suggesting that pigs born with smaller weight may be more susceptible to AR. The growth performance of the pigs also showed a negative correlation with the degree of turbinate atrophy. In the nursery period, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs with moderate/severe turbinate atrophy was 13.3% lower than that of animals with healthy snouts. In the finishing period, pigs with mild AR lesions had an ADG reduction of 6.2%, while pigs with severe AR lesions had a significant, 9.4% reduction in ADG as compared to the AR-free pigs. The extent of weight gain reduction over the whole life cycle was very similar (approximately 6%) in the pigs having either AR or pneumonia alone. In those pigs where both respiratory diseases were present, their effects seemed to be added up (11.5%); however, nasal lesion scores and percentage of lung consolidation did not show statistically apparent interactive effects on growth performance.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal yeast feeding on dam performance and serum health biomarkers of Beetal goat kids

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
S. Abbas ◽  
M.A. Rashid ◽  
M.S. Yousaf ◽  
S. Ashraf ◽  
I. Rabbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Daily Gain

Supplementation with dietary yeast has improved digestibility and productive performance in ruminants. In this research the primary objective was to appraise the effects of dietary yeast supplementation of female goats during the transition period on milk composition and yield and on production and serum health biomarkers of their kids. Twenty-four Beetal goats (4 ± 1.2 years) were randomly assigned to three groups, which received 0, 5, and 10 grams/animal/day of live dried yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 60 days (30 days pre- and post-partum). All goats were fed 500 grams of concentrate with water and green fodder ad libitum. Milk samples were collected at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post kidding. Kids were weighed on days 0, 7, 15, 22, and 30, and blood samples were collected on days 15 and 30 for serum metabolites (glucose, urea, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, albumin to globulin ratio, serum oxidant and antioxidant activity (malondialdehyde) (MDA) and catalase), and liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) assessment. Milk yield was significantly (P =0.02) higher during the post-partum period in yeast-fed goats. Yeast-fed goats also produced milk containing more fat (P <0.001) and protein (P <0.001) compared with control goats. Birth weight, average daily gain, and serum health biomarkers of the kids were not influenced by the treatments. In conclusion, dietary yeast supplementation resulted in increased production performance of the dams without significant impact on their offspring.Keywords: average daily gain, catalase activity, hepatic enzymes, milk production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transition period

scholarly journals Weight gain and carcass yield in sheep supplemented with multinutrient blocks in transition period dry-rainy season

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
LIBARDO MAZA ÁNGULO ◽  
SINDY VILLA ARRIETA ◽  
HELENA VERGARA RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
MORIS BUSTAMANTE YÁNEZ ◽  
JUAN SIMANCA SOTELO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

 The aim of this study was to evaluate weight gain and cold carcass yield in sheep supplemented with multinutrient blocks (MNB) fattening phase in the transition period between the dry season and the rainy season. A completely randomized design, in which 16 castrated Colombian hair sheep creoles, managed in rotational grazing (RG) and randomly distributed in four treatments were used as follows: T0: RG; T1: RG + MNB soy based; T2: RG + MNB cotton cake based; and T3: RG + MNB urea based. An analysis of variance was used to determine whether there was a difference between average daily gain and cold carcass yield. For daily gain no significant difference (p>0.05) between treatments was found, but if difference (p≤0.05) was found for cold carcass yield. To sell live animals is not necessary supplementation with multinutrient blocks in the transition period between the rainy and dry season.

Offspring-sire regressions for production traits of pigs in a West Australian selection herd

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
CA Morris ◽  
BM Goss ◽  
RH Wolskel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Sums Of Squares ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Daily Gain

Results from farm performance tests of Landrace and Large White pigs were collected over 14 months in a nucleus herd in Western Australia. They were used to make offspring-sire estimates of heritability for average daily gain and two combined ultrasonic fat depths (CK fat). Pigs were tested at about 85 kg and average daily gain was estimated from birth. Only 60% of records from the offspring of homebred sires were analysed, together with the performance test records from all of these sires. Data were adjusted for breed, and then contemporary deviations were estimated as the deviation of a pig's performance from that of all his contemporaries. The offspring-sire heritability estimates accounted for the effects of breed and sex, with sums of squares then being pooled, giving values of 0.05 � 0.1 6 and 0.57 � 0.15 for average daily gain and CK fat, respectively. Adjustments for body weight increased the estimates to 0.27 and 0.68 but with larger standard errors. These latter heritability estimates were very similar to the paternal half sib estimates. The means of all offspring of homebred and purchased boars indicated no advantage of purchased boars over homebreds in the Landrace breed. However, for Large Whites, the purchased boars were genetically superior in average daily gain and inferior in CK fat (by 2.1 and 0.9 a, respectively, in the performance of progeny). The heritability estimates from this study, applied to group-fed farm-tested pigs, suggest similar results to those from central tests or farm tests in Queensland. However, some attention should be given in tested pigs to variation in final liveweights, and possibly to a start weight at weaning instead of at birth.

scholarly journals Effects of rearing system and feeding intensity on the fattening performance and slaughter value of young crossbred bulls

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenon Nogalski ◽  
Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybyłek ◽  
Monika Sobczuk-Szul ◽  
Cezary Purwin ◽  
Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Fattening Performance ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Bone Content ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Intramuscular Fat Content

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effects of rearing system and feeding intensity on the fattening performance and slaughter value of 38 young crossbred bull calves. The calves were raised naturally with nurse cows (NC) or were fed milk replacer (MF) until 150 days of age. During the rearing period the NC calves were healthier and had higher average daily gain (by 0.15 kg) compared to the MF calves. After a 30-day transition period, the animals were fattened in intensive (I) and semi-intensive (SI) systems from 181 to 560 days of age. During the fattening period, the bulls were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration (TMR) composed of grass silage and concentrate. The concentrate to silage ratio, on a DM basis, was 25:75 (SI) and 40:60 (I). The MF calves had lower BW at the end of the fattening period compared to the NC calves but the rearing system had no effects on daily gain during the fattening period. Compensatory growth was not observed during fattening. During the fattening period, a higher proportion of concentrate in the ration contributed to higher feed intake, higher feed efficiency and more desirable carcass characteristics. Three-rib cuts from the carcasses of the I bulls had significantly (P<0.05) higher fat content and lower bone content compared to the carcasses of the SI bulls. The longissimus thoracis muscle of the I bulls had higher (P<0.01) intramuscular fat content compared to the SI bulls.

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