316 Determination of the Chemical and Phytochemical Composition of the Methanolic Extract of Urochloa Humidicola for Use as a Phytogenic Additive in Ruminant Diets

Abstract Plant extract is an excellent alternative to reduce methane emissions and ameliorate ruminal fermentation due the presence of the secondary metabolites, however, there are many studies with plants used on human’s diet that shows a good result but may occur competition and elevate the costs for the system. Plants consumed by animal have secondary metabolites in quantity and diversity, it can be a good strategy. This work aimed to determine the bromatological composition and characterize the Urochloa humidicola methanol extract such as the presence of secondary metabolites. The samples of the leaves of U. humidicola were collected, dried in the shade with temperature below 40°C, ground in a willey mill in 2 mm particles and subjected to cold maceration with methanol. The solution obtained was filtered by filter paper and concentrated in a rotary evaporator and put to finish the process, drying under airflow. The results of bromatological analyses were subjected to ANOVA by comparing averages by Fisher’s test using the 9.1 Saeg software and phytochemical prospecting testes were characterized as the intensity of the presence of each class of metabolites and represented via the cross-system where:(+++) implies a large presence, (++) implies a considerable presence, (+) implies a small presence and (0) implies a no presence. The dry crude methanolic extract was subjected to analysis of chemical composition and phytochemical prospecting. The extract showed 10.20% crude protein and 35% ether extract and traces of fibrous constituents, because the methanol extraction extracted only soluble constituents. A phytochemical prospecting was positive for the presence of saponin. tannin, alkaloids, catechins, non-protein amino acids and saccharides and was negative for the presence of flavonoids and purines. The U. humidicola methanol extract can be used as a phytogenic additive in the feeding of ruminants.

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Investigation of antiulcer activity of Pergularia extensa Linn

International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology ◽

10.26452/ijrpp.v9i2.1198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

Pavani C H

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Gastric Lesions ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Control Groups ◽

Dose Dependent

This study was based on determination of the antiulcer activity from methanol extract was prepared by using barks of pergularia extensa linn.. Priliminary investigations showed presence of saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and sterols. Based on OECD-423 Guidelines, the pharmacology and acute oral toxicity studies were conducted by using methanolic extract. Ulcer development was prevented by Tannins because of their vasoconstriction effects and due to protein precipitation. Similarly, the Methanolic extract of Pergularia extensa Linn shows triterpenoids and saponins. The phytoconstituents are present in the extract and these could be possible agents which are involved in order to prevent gastric lesions induced by aspirin. When compared to ulcerative control groups, this Pergularia extensa Linn., shows a dose dependent curative ratio. The extracts exhibited an inhibition percentage of 27.18, 45.47 and 61.28 at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg doses respectively.

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Isolation of Daphnetin 8-methyl ether from Daphne oleoides and its Anti-bacterial activity

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2015.4407 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 224-226

Author(s):

Muhammad Younus Dar ◽

◽

Tabassum Ara ◽

Seema Akbar ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Benzoic Acid ◽

Methyl Ether ◽

13C Nmr ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Bacterial Activity ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

The World

The aim of the present work was to isolate and identify secondary metabolites of Daphne oleoides, which was not phytochemically analysed in this important geographical region of the world until now, followed by the determination of anti-bacterial activity. An important plant coumarin daphnetin 8-methyl ether (1)[7-hydroxy8-methoxy coumarin] not previously reported from this species was isolated from the methanolic extract of aerial parts of Daphne oleoides, along with already reported 4-ethoxy benzoic acid (2)and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid(3) by repeated column chromatography. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1H, 13C NMR and MS analysis. The compound 1 was evaluated for its anti-bacterial potential which showed moderate activity.

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IDENTIFICACIÓN CUALITATIVA DE METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS Y DETERMINACIÓN DE LA CITOTOXICIDAD DE EXTRACTOS DE TEMPISQUE (Sideroxylum capiri PITTIER)/ QUALITATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES AND CYTOTOXICITY DETERMINATION OF TEMPISQUE EXTRACTS (Sid

Biotecnia ◽

10.18633/biotecnia.v18i3.328 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miguel Angel Robles-García ◽

Antonio J. Aguilar ◽

Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí ◽

Francisco Rodríguez-Félix ◽

Juan Alfredo Morales- Del-Río ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Con A

Sideroxylon capiri (Tempisque) es un árbol cuyas hojas y frutos son comestibles usándose también como condimento en alimentos y para algunas enfermedades del riñón. Sin embargo, es una planta que no tiene un perfil de metabolitos secundarios reportado y se desconoce su citotoxicidad, siendo esto el objetivo de la presente investigación. A partir del extracto metanólico de S. capiri obtenido por percolación, se determinaron los metabolitos secundarios por pruebas cualitativas, así como su citotoxicidad utilizando Artemia salina. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, se lograron identificar en los extractos de hoja de S. capiri, fenoles, flavonoides, esteroides y taninos. Sin embargo, no se encontraron saponinas, cumarinas y alcaloides. Además, según el ensayo realizado con A. salina, este extracto es prácticamente no tóxico. ABSTRACTSideroxylon capiri (Tempisque) is a tree which leaves and fruits are edible being used as a food condiment and to treat some kidney diseases. However, this plant does not have a secondary metabolites profile nor cytotoxicity reports, hence, this is the objective of the present research. From the S. capiri methanol extract obtained by percolation, secondary metabolites were determined by qualitative tests as well as cytotoxicity using Artemia salina. According to the results obtained from S. capiri leaves extract, phenols, flavonoids, steroids and tannins were present. However, saponins, cumarins and alkaloids were absent. Furthermore, this extract is practically nontoxic according to the A. salina test.

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Lifecycle Evaluation of the Nutritional Benefits and Biosafety of Snail (Archachatina marginata)

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v40i530377 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Kehinde, Abiodun Solomon ◽

Babatunde, Taiye Oluwasola ◽

Kehinde, Olujide Johnson

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Mineral Exploration ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Yield Data ◽

Carcass Yield

Ninety snails Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821), which comprised 30 each of adults (325.43 ± 2.03 g), growers (119.05 ± 1.05 g) and snailets (33.05 ± 1.00 g) were used to determine the lifecycle nutritional and bio-safety benefits of consumption of snail meat. This study was aimed to further investigate, the nutrients, heavy metals and bio-safety of snail consumed by Nigerians, due to increasing industrialization, use of agro-chemical mineral exploration, fumes from vehicles and improper disposal of refuse and sewage. Each age group was regarded as a treatment, for the holistic determination of the proximate, macronutrient, heavy metals, lipid profile and carcass yield of the snail meat. The snail was carefully cleaned and dressed for meat samples collection in triplicates for subsequent laboratory determination of the nutritional and bio-safety parameters. The collected samples were processed, using standard procedures. Data were collected for proximate components (Crude protein, crude fibre, Ether Extract, NFE and Ash), macronutrients (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg and Fe) heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr and MN), total cholesterol and lipid profile (HDL, LDL and FFA) and carcass yield. Data collected were subjected to (ANOVA), in a complete randomized design, while significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Proximate components such as Crude protein 15.88±1,39% and ether extract 1.24 ± 0.22%, increased (P<0.05) with the age of snail, while NFE reduced with age. Highest (P<0.05) carcass yield (44.23%) was obtained for snailets, with corresponding least (P<0.05) values for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and FFA, cholesterol levels were significantly varied, in all groups and the contents of macronutrients and heavy metals in snail meat were tolerable in human nutrition and therefore not deleterious.

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Comparison of methods for determination of nutrient digestibility of a dry kibble diet for ocelots

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2013001300012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 71-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anderson L. de Carvalho ◽

Vladimir de Oliveira ◽

Wanderlei de Moraes ◽

Zalmir S. Cubas ◽

Alcides R. Rinaldi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Leopardus Pardalis ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Usual Diet

In this experiment, methods of total fecal collection (TFC) and internal markers (acid-insoluble ash - AIA, crude fiber - CF, and acid-detergent fiber - ADF) were compared for determination of the coefficients of apparent digestibility (CAD) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and gross energy (GE) of commercial feline dry kibble for ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Six adult animals, weighing 12.45±1.37 kg, gradually received experimental kibble in their usual diet until the beginning of the experiment and were submitted to an adaptation period ten days prior to the collection period. CAD obtained by TFC, AIA, CF, and ADF were, respectively, 73.7, 76.83, 62.01, and 46.03% for dry matter; 81.9, 84.8, 75.8, and 63.8% for crude protein; 85, 86.7, 78.5, and 69.1% for ether extract; 78.52, 79.55, 69.11, and 53.04% for nitrogen-free extracts; and 80.5, 82.2, 71.4, and 58.4% for gross energy. The AIA method showed to be efficient in determining coefficients of apparent digestibility and may contribute to investigations on the digestibility of diets for wild felines. In comparison to the items of ocelot's usual diet, the kibble used in this paper provided an adequate nutritional supply with reduced daily costs per animal.

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ANALISIS FITOKIMIA DAN PENENTUAN NILAI LC50 EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN LIWAS

JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS ◽

10.35799/jis.14.2.2014.6070 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Gerry Sumihe ◽

Max R. J. Runtuwene ◽

Johnly A. Rorong

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Test Results ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Lc50 Value

ABSTRAK Penentuan nilai LC50 dari ekstrak metanol daun liwas menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) terhadap hewan indikator udang Artemia salina menunjukkan nilai LC50 dari A. salina bersifat sangat toksik.Nilai LC50 yang didapatkan sebesar 15,696 mg/L. Nilai LC50 ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode SPSS 20.0.Ekstrak metanol daun liwas mengandung kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tanin dan saponin sebagai hasil uji fitokimia. Kata kunci: BSLT, Daun Liwas, Metabolit Sekunder,LC50. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND DETERMINING LC50 VALUE OF LIWAS LEAVE METHANOL EXTRACT ABSTRACT Determination of LC50 of methanol extract of leaves liwas using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) against animal indicator shrimp Artemia salina showed LC50 values of A. salina is highly toxic. LC50 values were obtained at 15.696 mg / L. LC50 values determined using SPSS 20.0. Liwas leaf methanol extract contains compounds secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins and saponins as phytochemical test results. Keywords: BSLT, Leaves Liwas, Secondary Metabolites, LC50.

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In sacco evaluation of ruminal degradability of waste vinegar residue as a feedstuff for ruminants

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12116 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 292 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zengting Song ◽

Xiaofang Dong ◽

Jianming Tong ◽

Zhihong Wang

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Latin Square ◽

Corn Stalk ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Good Source ◽

Vinegar Residue ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Cashmere Goats ◽

Ruminal Degradability ◽

In Sacco

Waste vinegar residue (WVR) is a by-product of vinegar processing by solid-state fermentation. In this study, two experiments were conducted to determine chemical composition and ruminal degradability of WVR and whether WVR can be used as a feedstuff for ruminants. In Experiment 1, 14 WVR samples were incubated in the rumen of three Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats to determine the in sacco ruminal degradability parameters for DM, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The NDF, CP and ether extract (EE) contents of the WVR samples were 796.6, 125.2 and 93.3 g/kg, respectively. The greatest variation was observed for lactic acid, which ranged from 150.39 to 4391.12 mg/kg with an average of 1023.84 mg/kg. The average A, B and C fractions of DM for the 14 samples of WVR were 122, 350, and 528 g/kg, respectively. The effective degradability of DM, CP and NDF were 275, 550 and 211 g/kg, respectively. In Experiment 2, the in sacco degradation parameters for DM, CP and NDF of Chinese leymus, corn stalk and WVR were evaluated in a 3 × 3 Latin-square design. The rapidly degradable fraction of the DM and NDF for WVR was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than that of Chinese leymus and corn stalk. No difference in rumen-degraded DM, rumen-degraded CP and rumen-degraded NDF was found between Chinese leymus and WVR (P > 0.05). It is concluded that, WVR is not well digested ruminally but is a good source of protein for ruminants giving it value as an ingredient in ruminant diets.

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Phytochemical Screening and Mass Spectrometric Analysis to Unveil the Pharmacological Properties of Weed Euryops pectinatus

10.36811/ijpsh.2021.110027 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Anju Meshram

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Mass Spectrometric Analysis ◽

Spectrometric Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Natural Product Research

Euryops pectinatus ‘Viridae’ weed belonging to the family Asteraceae is commonly known as Golden Euryops or African daisy. Present investigation includes phytochemical analysis of methanol extract of Euryops pectinatus weed for the presence of various secondary metabolites. Presence of various secondary metabolites was observed including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, glycosides, etc. These secondary metabolites are well known for their biological activities like antioxidation, anti-cancerous, anti-microbial, cardiovascular, and anti-aging. After determination of rich secondary metabolites in the methanol extract, mass spectrometric analysis was carried out for the identification of compounds present in Euryops pectinatus. Eight compounds were identified in the methanol extract reported for nematicide, antioxidant, analgesic, antitumor, anticancerous and several other important activities. Thus phytochemical and mass spectrometric analysis would open new doors to natural product research that would be cost effective and safe for the mankind. Keywords: Euryops Pectinatus; Phytoconstituents; Bioactives; Mass-Spectroscopy; Anticancer

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