scholarly journals PSIX-1 Associative effect of wet-distillers’ grains plus solubles and tannin-rich peanut skin supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbiome changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
Byeng Ryel Min ◽  
Lana Castleberry ◽  
David Parker ◽  
Heidi Waldrip ◽  
David Brauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Wet Distillers Grains

Abstract The role of tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) and associative effects of different levels of wet distillers’ grains plus solubles (WDGS) on ruminal fermentation, microbial changes, and mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) and other emissions in bovine rumen fluid were investigated. All gases were collected using an Ankom in vitro system for methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) analyses. Fifteen % ground PS against 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 % DM of WDGS were used. RT-qPCR were conducted to determine microbial diversity. In the absence of PS, total CH4 and H2S, or CH4 and H2S productions per gram of DM substrate, were linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing WDGS. However, in the presence of PS, those trends were reversed and CH4 and H2S productions were decreased (P < 0.05), suggesting that a diet with 15% PS and supplementation of 10 and 20% WDGS were able to reduce CH4 and H2S emissions by 12 and 33%, respectively. In the presence of PS, rumen fermentation rate (as a measured by VFA) and acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio was decreased with increasing WDGS, with PS x WDGS interactions (P < 0.01). In the presence of PS, there was a decreased (P < 0.05) the average population of Bacteroidetes, total methanogens, Methanobrevibacter sp. AbM4, and total protozoa populations at 40% WDGS, with PS x WDGS interactions (P < 0.01). The population of total methanogens (R2 = 0.57; P < 0.01), Firmicutes populations (R2= 0.46: P < 0.05), and F/B ratio (R2 = 0.46; P < 0.03) were strongly correlated with ruminal methane gas production. Therefore, associative effect of tannin-rich PS and WDGS suppressed methanogenesis pathways directly across their antimethanogenic activity and secondarily throughout their modification of protozoa population.

PSXIII-8 Effects of different sources of Zn on in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility of a lactation diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 466-466
Author(s):  
Angela R Boyer ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Alon Blakeney ◽  
Dennis Nuzback ◽  
Brooke Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Vistore® minerals are hydroxychloride minerals that feature high metal content and improved bioavailability. This study was conducted to compare different sources of zinc (Zn) on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Three ruminally-cannulated Jersey heifers were adapted to a lactation diet for two weeks before used as donors. Three sources of Zn were tested at 20 ppm: No supplemental Zn (CON), ZnSO4, Vistore Zn, and another Zn hydroxychloride (Vistore-competitor). The concentration of Zn in this study was selected from a titration study (0 to 40 ppm ZnSO4) to identify the minimum concentration of ZnSo4 affecting rumen fermentation. The lactation diet (TMR) was dried and ground to 1mm and used as substrate. Rumen fluid was collected two hours after feeding. Substrate (0.5 g) was inoculated with 100 mL of 3:1 McDougall’s buffer: ruminal flued mixture at 39ºC for 24 h. Each treatment was run in triplicate and in three runs. Data were analyzed with R 3.0. The model included fixed effect of treatment and random effect of run. ZnSO4 reduced (P < 0.05) maximum gas production, DMD (54 vs. 55.9%) and cellulose (27.5 and 40.7%) digestibility. acetate to propionate ration (2.20 vs. 2.24) and NH3-N concentration (6.0 vs. 7.0 mg/dL), increased (P < 0.05) propionate % (27.2 vs 26.7%) compared to control. Vistore had higher pH than control (6.44 vs. 6.40, P = 0.02) but did not affect other parameters compared to CON. Vistore-competitor reduced total VFA production compared to control, ZnSO4, and Vistore (94 vs. 102, 106 and 107 mM, respectively, P = 0.01) but did not affect other parameters. In general, Vistore Zn maintained in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility, while ZnSO4 had negative effects on both fermentation and digestibility and Vistore-competitor reduced total VFAs. Results indicate hydroxychloride minerals may stabilize rumen parameters versus sulfate sources but different hydroxychloride sources appear to influence rumen parameters differently.

scholarly journals Assessment of potato peel and agro-forestry biochars supplementation on in vitro ruminal fermentation

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9488
Author(s):  
Ana R.F. Rodrigues ◽  
Margarida R.G. Maia ◽  
Ana R.J. Cabrita ◽  
Hugo M. Oliveira ◽  
Maria Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Agro Forestry

Background The awareness of environmental and socio-economic impacts caused by greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector leverages the adoption of strategies to counteract it. Feed supplements can play an important role in the reduction of the main greenhouse gas produced by ruminants—methane (CH4). In this context, this study aims to assess the effect of two biochar sources and inclusion levels on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro. Methods Two sources of biochar (agro-forestry residues, AFB, and potato peel, PPB) were added at two levels (5 and 10%, dry matter (DM) basis) to two basal substrates (haylage and corn silage) and incubated 24-h with rumen inocula to assess the effects on CH4 production and main rumen fermentation parameters in vitro. Results AFB and PPB were obtained at different carbonization conditions resulting in different apparent surface areas, ash content, pH at the point of zero charge (pHpzc), and elemental analysis. Relative to control (0% biochar), biochar supplementation kept unaffected total gas production and yield (mL and mL/g DM, p = 0.140 and p = 0.240, respectively) and fermentation pH (p = 0.666), increased CH4production and yield (mL and mL/g DM, respectively, p = 0.001) and ammonia-N (NH3-N, p = 0.040), and decreased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (p < 0.001) and H2 generated and consumed (p ≤ 0.001). Biochar sources and inclusion levels had no negative effect on most of the fermentation parameters and efficiency. Acetic:propionic acid ratio (p = 0.048) and H2 consumed (p = 0.019) were lower with AFB inclusion when compared to PPB. Biochar inclusion at 10% reduced H2 consumed (p < 0.001) and tended to reduce total gas production (p = 0.055). Total VFA production (p = 0.019), acetic acid proportion (p = 0.011) and H2 generated (p = 0.048) were the lowest with AFB supplemented at 10%, no differences being observed among the other treatments. The basal substrate affected most fermentation parameters independently of biochar source and level used. Discussion Biochar supplementation increased NH3-N content, iso-butyric, iso-valeric and valeric acid proportions, and decreased VFA production suggesting a reduced energy supply for microbial growth, higher proteolysis and deamination of substrate N, and a decrease of NH3-N incorporation into microbial protein. No interaction was found between substrate and biochar source or level on any of the parameters measured. Although AFB and PPB had different textural and compositional characteristics, their effects on the rumen fermentation parameters were similar, the only observed effects being due to AFB included at 10%. Biochar supplementation promoted CH4 production regardless of the source and inclusion level, suggesting that there may be other effects beyond biomass and temperature of production of biochar, highlighting the need to consider other characteristics to better identify the mechanism by which biochar may influence CH4 production.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Musen Wang ◽  
Fujin Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

scholarly journals Does partial replacement of corn with glycerin in beef cattle diets affect in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas production kinetic, and enteric greenhouse gas emissions?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0199577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Del Bianco Benedeti ◽  
Mozart Alves Fonseca ◽  
Teshome Shenkoru ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
Eduardo Marostegan de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Gas Emissions

A comparison of the suitability of different models for describing the gas production kinetics of whole-crop wheat

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
A. T. Adesogan ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Production Kinetics ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Kinetics Of

Menkeet al. (1979), Beuvinket al. (1992) and Theodorouet al. (1994) developed techniques for measuring the time course of gas production of foods fermentedin vitrowith rumen fluid. These techniques require description of the fermentation profile with an appropriate mathematical model. Although several authors have used these techniques to study the ruminal fermentation of foods, little information is available on the suitability of the model chosen for describing the fermentation profile of the food under study. In this study, the models of Ørskov and McDonald (1979), Franceet al. (1993) and Beuvink and Kogut (1993) were fitted to thein vitrogas production profiles of 10 whole-crop wheat (WCW) forages (cv.Slepjner) to determine the model most suited to describing the data.

Study of the effects of PR toxin, mycophenolic acid and roquefortine C on in vitro gas production parameters and their stability in the rumen environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GALLO ◽  
G. GIUBERTI ◽  
T. BERTUZZI ◽  
M. MOSCHINI ◽  
F. MASOERO
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Roquefortine C

SUMMARYMoulds belonging to Penicillium section roqueforti are common contaminants of feedstuffs and produce several mycotoxins that can cause health hazards when ingested by farm animals. Among these, PR toxin (PR), mycophenolic acid (MY) and roquefortine C (RC) have been frequently detected in forages, particularly silages. The aims of the current trials were to study the effects of the presence of pure mycotoxins on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters and to assess their stability in the rumen environment. Two successive in vitro gas production experiments were carried out: a central composite design with four replications of central point (CCD) and a completely randomized design with a fully factorial arrangement of treatments (FFD). In CCD, the effects of PR, MY and RC concentrations in diluted rumen fluid (i.e. 0·01, 0·30, 1·01, 1·71 and 2·00 μg of each mycotoxin/ml) were tested. Gas volume produced after 48 h of incubation (Vf) decreased linearly as concentrations of RC and MY in diluted rumen fluid increased, with marginal effects similar for two mycotoxins, being respectively −14·6 and −13·4 ml/g organic matter (OM) for each 1·0 μg/ml of increment in mycotoxin concentration. Similarly, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production decreased quadratically as concentrations of RC and MY increased, with marginal effects about two times higher for MY than RC, being −4·22 and −2·62 mmol/l for each 1·0 μg/ml of increment in mycotoxin concentration. With respect to maximum Vf (i.e. 410·6 ml/g OM) and VFA (98·06 mmol/l) values estimated by the model, decreases of 13·6 and 15·2% were obtained when incubating the highest RC and MY concentrations, respectively. The PR did not interfere with rumen fermentation pattern and it was not recovered after 48 h of incubation, whereas the stabilities of MY and RC in rumen fluid were similar and on average equal to about 50%. On the basis of CCD results, a second experiment (FFD) was carried out in which only effects of MY and RC concentrations (i.e. 0, 0·67, 1·33 and 2·00 μg of each mycotoxin/ml of diluted rumen fluid) were tested. Data from FFD showed Vf decreased linearly when concentrations of MY and RC increased, with marginal effect two-folds higher for MY than for RC (−11·1 ml/g OM and −6·7 ml/g OM, respectively). Similar marginal effects of MY and RC in decreasing VFA production were recorded: −2·38 and −2·86 mmol/l for each 1·0 μg/ml of increment in mycotoxin concentration, respectively. At the highest RC and MY tested concentrations, Vf and VFA decreased by 8·7 and 10·7%, respectively, over maximum estimated values. In FFD, the average amounts of MY and RC recovered in rumen fluid after 48 h of incubation were 79·0 and 40·6%, respectively. In conclusion, the MY and RC from standards interfered with rumen microorganisms at relatively low levels and were partially stable in the rumen environment after 48 h of incubation. These findings suggested that MY and RC could interfere with digestive processes and might represent a potential risk for ruminants fed diets containing feeds contaminated by mycotoxins produced by P. roqueforti.

Potential of walnut (Juglans regia) leave ethanolic extract to modify ruminal fermentation, microbial populations and mitigate methane emission

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
M. Sahebi Ala ◽  
R. Pirmohammadi ◽  
H. Khalilvandi-Behroozyar ◽  
E. Anassori
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

Series of in vitro trials were conducted to evaluate dose–response effects of walnut leaf ethanolic extract (WLEE) on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, mitigation of methane emission and acidosis prevention. The treatments were conducted according to a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design formulated to contain corn (corn-based diet, CBD) and barley grain (barley-based diet, BBD), or equal amounts of barley and corn (barley and corn diet, BCD), consisting of either basal diets alone (0) or basal diets with 250, 500, 750 or 1000 µL of WLEE (W0, W250, W500, W750 and W1000 respectively) per litre of buffered rumen fluid. Three fistulated cows fed diets containing alfalfa hay and concentrate mixes (same as the control diet) plus minerals and vitamins were used for collection of ruminal fluid. The asymptote of gas production and methane emission was decreased and lag time increased in a linear and quadratic manner with an increasing dose of WLEE (P &lt; 0.001). However, gas production rate reduced linearly as WLEE dose increased (P &lt; 0.001). Methane production was significantly reduced linearly (L) and quadratically (Q) when walnut ethanolic extract was increased from 250 to 1000 μL/L (L and Q; P &lt; 0.001). The addition of WLEE significantly altered the volatile fatty acid profile in comparison to control, reducing the molar proportion of acetate and increasing that of propionate (P &lt; 0.001), and also decreased the ammonia-N concentration (L, P &lt; 0.001). Dry-matter and organic-matter in vitro digestibility coefficients were negatively affected by WLEE supplementation (L and Q; P &lt; 0.001). Although anti-acidosis potential of WLEE was significantly lower than that of monensin, W1000 increased medium culture pH compared with uncontrolled acidosis and the lower doses of WLEE. The populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and R. albus were significantly reduced by WLEE, although to different magnitudes, depending on the corn and barley grain proportions in the diet. Results of the present study indicated that increasing addition levels of WLEE have noticeable effects on rumen microbial population and fermentation characteristics. It can be concluded that WLEE can potentially be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation patterns.

scholarly journals Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangkun Yu ◽  
Liyuan Cai ◽  
Jiacai Zhang ◽  
Ao Yang ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rumen Microbiota

This study was performed to explore the predominant responses of rumen microbiota with thymol supplementation as well as effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol at different concentrations, i.e., 0, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 400 mg/L (four groups × five replications) was applied for 24 h of fermentation in a rumen fluid incubation system. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbes in addition to the examination of rumen fermentation. Thymol doses reached 200 mg/L and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total gas production (TGP) and methane production; the production of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate, and ammonia nitrogen, and the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were apparently decreased (p < 0.05) when the thymol dose reached 400 mg/L. A thymol dose of 200 mg/L significantly affected (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of 14 genera of bacteria, three species of archaea, and two genera of protozoa. Network analysis showed that bacteria, archaea, and protozoa significantly correlated with methane production and VFA production. This study indicates an optimal dose of thymol at 200 mg/L to facilitate rumen fermentation, the critical roles of bacteria in rumen fermentation, and their interactions with the archaea and protozoa.

scholarly journals Screening of Cyanide-Utilizing Bacteria from Rumen and In Vitro Evaluation of Fresh Cassava Root Utilization with Pellet Containing High Sulfur Diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rittikeard Prachumchai ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The current work aimed to screen the ruminal cyanide-utilizing bacteria and evaluate the influence of fresh cassava root (FCR) and pellets containing high sulfur (PELFUR) on cyanide content, kinetics of gas, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation. The experiment was conducted in a Completely randomized design (CRD) for a screening of cyanide-utilizing bacteria and the dietary treatments were the level of cyanide at 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm. A 5 &times; 3 factorial arrangement in a Completely randomized design was used for in vitro study. Factor A was the level of FCR at 0, 260, 350, 440, and 530 g/kg of 0.5 g dry matter (DM) substrate, and factor B was the level of PELFUR at 0, 15, and 30 g/kg DM substrate. Adding different doses of cyanide significantly affected cyanide-utilizing rumen bacterial growth (p &lt; 0.05). Increasing the concentration of cyanide from 0 to 150 and 150 to 300 ppm, resulted in an increase in cyanide-utilizing rumen bacteria of 38.2% and 15.0%, respectively. Increasing the FCR level to more than 260 g/kg of 0.5 g substrate could increase cumulative gas production (p &lt; 0.05), whereas increasing doses of PELFUR from 15 to 30 g/kg increased the cumulative gas production when compared with that of 0 g/kg PELFUR (p &lt; 0.05). Cyanide concentration in rumen fluid decreased with PELFUR (p &lt; 0.05) supplementation. Degradability of in vitro dry matter and organic matter following incubation increased at 12 and 24 h due to PELFUR supplementation with FCR and increased additionally with 15 g/kg PELFUR (p &lt; 0.05) in 440 g/kg FCR. Proportions of the total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid, as well as the ratio of C2 to C3 among supplementations with FCR (p &lt; 0.05) were significantly different. As the proportion of FCR increased to 530 g/kg of the substrate, the volume of C3 increased by 14.6%. This is the first finding of bacteria in the rumen capable of utilizing cyanide, and cyanide might function as a nitrogen source for bacterial cell synthesis. Inclusion of FCR of 530 g/kg with 30 g/kg PELFUR could increase the cumulative gas production, the bacterial population, the in vitro degradability, the proportion of C3, and the rate of the disappearance of cyanide.

scholarly journals Effects of wilting and additives on the ensiling quality and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of sudangrass silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Jiang Chun Wan ◽  
Kai Yun Xie ◽  
Yu Xiang Wang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Zhu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Positive Effects

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of molasses and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> on the ensiling quality and <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation of sudangrass silage prepared with or without wilting.Methods: The ensiling experiment, measured with 3 replicates, was carried out according to a 2×4 (wilted stages×additives) factorial treatment structure. Dry matter of the fresh (210 g/kg fresh matter) or wilted (305 g/kg fresh matter) sudangrass were ensiled (packed into 5.0-L plastic jars) without additive (control) or with molasses (M), <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (LP), or molasses + <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (M+LP). After 60 days of ensiling, the silages were analyzed for the chemical, fermentation, and <i>in vitro</i> characteristics.Results: After 60 days of ensiling, the fermentation parameters were affected by wilted, the additives and the interactions of wilted with the additives (p<0.05). The M+LP treatment at wilted had higher lactic acid levels and V-score (p<0.05) but lower pH values and butyric acid concentrations than the other treatments. In comparison with sudangrass before ensiling, after ensiling had lower dry matter and higher non-fibrous carbohydrate. The <i>in vitro</i> gas production, <i>in vitro</i> dry matter digestibility, <i>in vitro</i> crude protein digestibility, and <i>in vitro</i> acid fiber detergent digestibility changed under the effects of the additives. Significant interactions were observed between wilted and the additives in terms of <i>in vitro</i> gas production at 48 h, asymptotic gas production, gas production rate, half time, and the average gas production rate. The total volatile fatty acid levels in the additive treatments were higher than those in the control.Conclusion: Wilting and supplementation with molasses and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> had the ability to improve the ensiling quality and <i>in vitro</i> nutrient digestibility of sudangrass silage. The M+LP treatment at wilted exhibited the strongest positive effects on silage quality and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation characteristics.

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