scholarly journals Effects of wilting and additives on the ensiling quality and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of sudangrass silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Jiang Chun Wan ◽  
Kai Yun Xie ◽  
Yu Xiang Wang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Zhu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Positive Effects

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of molasses and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> on the ensiling quality and <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation of sudangrass silage prepared with or without wilting.Methods: The ensiling experiment, measured with 3 replicates, was carried out according to a 2×4 (wilted stages×additives) factorial treatment structure. Dry matter of the fresh (210 g/kg fresh matter) or wilted (305 g/kg fresh matter) sudangrass were ensiled (packed into 5.0-L plastic jars) without additive (control) or with molasses (M), <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (LP), or molasses + <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (M+LP). After 60 days of ensiling, the silages were analyzed for the chemical, fermentation, and <i>in vitro</i> characteristics.Results: After 60 days of ensiling, the fermentation parameters were affected by wilted, the additives and the interactions of wilted with the additives (p<0.05). The M+LP treatment at wilted had higher lactic acid levels and V-score (p<0.05) but lower pH values and butyric acid concentrations than the other treatments. In comparison with sudangrass before ensiling, after ensiling had lower dry matter and higher non-fibrous carbohydrate. The <i>in vitro</i> gas production, <i>in vitro</i> dry matter digestibility, <i>in vitro</i> crude protein digestibility, and <i>in vitro</i> acid fiber detergent digestibility changed under the effects of the additives. Significant interactions were observed between wilted and the additives in terms of <i>in vitro</i> gas production at 48 h, asymptotic gas production, gas production rate, half time, and the average gas production rate. The total volatile fatty acid levels in the additive treatments were higher than those in the control.Conclusion: Wilting and supplementation with molasses and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> had the ability to improve the ensiling quality and <i>in vitro</i> nutrient digestibility of sudangrass silage. The M+LP treatment at wilted exhibited the strongest positive effects on silage quality and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation characteristics.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Musen Wang ◽  
Fujin Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Combinations of Sugar and Starch Concentrations on Ruminal Fermentation and Bacterial-Community Composition in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-nan Dong ◽  
Song-ze Li ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Gui-xin Qin ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

High levels of starch is known to have positive effects on both energy supply and milk yield but increases the risk of rumen acidosis. The use of sugar as a non-structural carbohydrate could circumvent this risk while maintaining the benefits, but its effects and that of the simultaneous use of both sugar and starch are not as well-understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different combinations of sugar and starch concentrations on ruminal fermentation and bacterial community composition in vitro in a 4 ×4 factorial experiment. Sixteen dietary treatments were formulated with 4 levels of sugar (6, 8, 10, and 12% of dietary dry matter), and 4 levels of starch (21, 23, 25, and 27% of dietary dry matter). Samples were taken at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after cultivation to determine the disappearance rate of dry matter, rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community composition. Butyric acid, gas production, and Treponema abundance were significantly influenced by the sugar level. The pH, acetic acid, and propionic acid levels were significantly influenced by starch levels. However, the interactive effect of sugar and starch was only observed on the rate of dry matter disappearance. Furthermore, different combinations of starch and sugar had different effects on volatile fatty acid production rate, gas production rate, and dry matter disappearance rate. The production rate of rumen fermentation parameters in the high sugar group was higher. Additionally, increasing the sugar content in the diet did not change the main phylum composition in the rumen, but significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was reduced. At the genus level, the high glucose group showed significantly higher relative abundance of Treponema (P &lt; 0.05) and significantly lower relative abundance of Ruminobacter, Ruminococcus, and Streptococcus (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, different combinations of sugar and starch concentrations have inconsistent effects on rumen fermentation characteristics, suggesting that the starch in diets cannot be simply replaced with sugar; the combined effects of sugar and starch should be considered to improve the feed utilization rate.

Effect of sulfur concentrations in fermented total mixed rations containing fresh cassava root on rumen fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanadol Supapong ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Context Feeding of fresh cassava root in ruminants is limited because it contains a high level of hydrocyanic acid (HCN), which is responsible for poisoning. Aims The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sulfur levels supplementation in the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) containing fresh cassava root as an energy source on the gas kinetics, ruminal fermentation, reduction of HCN concentration and nutrient digestibility in the in vitro gas production. Methods The experimental design was a 3 × 4 factorial in a completely randomised design. Dietary treatments contained factor A, which was three levels of sulfur supplementation at 0, 1 and 2% in FTMR, and factor B was ensiling time at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. Key results Concentration of HCN in FTMR was significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05) by 73.7% when sulfur was supplemented in FTMR at 2%. The levels of HCN in FTMR were 2.89, 0.61, 0.61 and 0.49 ppm, for ensiling time of 0, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). HCN was reduced when ensiling started at 7 days. Gas production from soluble fractions (a) ranged from –1.2 to –2.4 and was not significant (P &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, gas production from the insoluble fraction (b) ranged from 48.8 to 53.9, and gas production rate constants for the insoluble fraction (c) ranged from 0.1 to 0.2. The potential extent of gas production (a + b) was also unchanged when the concentration of sulfur increased (P &gt; 0.05). In addition, there were no interactions between sulfur levels and ensiling times on all parameters (P &gt; 0.05). In contrast, cumulative gas production (at 96 h of incubation) was significantly different when sulfur increased at 2% (P &lt; 0.05), while ensiling times did not affect cumulative gas production. Ruminal pH was affected by FTMR and decreased with an ensiling time of 21 days, ranging from 6.0 to 6.1 after ensiling. Ensiling time did not affect ruminal ammonia-nitrogen concentration (P &gt; 0.05) among dietary treatments which ranged from 21.2 to 24.0 mg%. FTMR ensiled for 21 days had the highest in in vitro dry matter digestibility, an in vitro neutral detergent fibre and in vitro acid detergent fibre digestibility which were 61.0–62.5, 35.1–43.1 and 22.3–25.9% dry matter (DM) respectively. Regarding the concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, ranges from 94.7 to 113.6 mmol/L, 59.3 to 67.4, 20.2 to 25.9 and 11.3 to 13.8 mol/100 mol, respectively, were observed and did not differ among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). The concentration of total VFA relative to the sulfur level and ensiling time had no effect on ruminal VFA concentrations. However, exceedingly high percentages of sulfur (2% of the DM) in the diet tend to increase total VFA concentration. Conclusions Using of 2% sulfur supplementation in TMR containing fresh cassava root fermented could improve the kinetics of gas and nutrient digestibility while maintaining ruminal fermentation parameters and the rate of HCN disappearance. Implications These findings should be examined in further in vivo experiments in order to increase animal performance.

scholarly journals Effects of garlic supplementation on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and gas production

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
M.R. Kekana ◽  
D. Luseba ◽  
M.C. Muyu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Garlic Powder

Garlic contains secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties that can alter nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation, similar to other antimicrobial products. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of garlic powder and garlic juice on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and gas production. The treatments consisted of control with no additives, garlic powder, and garlic juice at 0.5 ml and 1 ml. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre were determined after 48 hours incubation. Rumen ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids were determined at 12 hours and 24 hours incubation. The cumulative gas production was recorded periodically over 48 hours. The in vitro dry matter disappearance decreased with 1 ml of garlic juice compared with control. The crude protein degradability in garlic powder and garlic juice was lower than in control. Volatile fatty acids increased in all treatments. Individual volatile fatty acids were significantly different, especially propionate, whereas the acetate to propionate ratio was reduced by garlic juice, and ammonia nitrogen was reduced by garlic powder and 0.5 ml of garlic juice. The cumulative gas production increased significantly with both levels of garlic juice. The addition of garlic juice at 0.5 mL/100 ml could enhance the production of propionate, and reduce the acetate to propionate ratio, implying that the supply of hydrogen for methanogens was limited.

scholarly journals Mitragyna speciosa Korth Leaves Supplementation on Feed Utilization, Rumen Fermentation Efficiency, Microbial Population, and Methane Production In Vitro

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Kampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Burarat Phesatcha ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Mitragyna Speciosa

The objective of the research was to evaluate the different levels of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaves powder (MSLP) added to rations with 60:40 or 40:60 roughage to a concentrate (R:C ratio) on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial population, and methane (CH4) production. The treatments were arranged according to a 2 × 8 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The two factors contain the R:C ratio (60:40 and 40:60) and the levels of MSLP addition (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7% of the total substrate). There was no interaction between the R:C ratio and MSLP supplementation on gas production kinetics, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and microbial populations. The gas production rate constant for the insoluble fraction (c) was increased by the R:C ratio at (40:60), whilst there was no difference obtained among treatments for cumulative gas production, whilst the gas production rate constant for the insoluble fraction (c) was increased by the R:C ratio at 40:60. The concentration of NH3-N was influenced by the R:C ratio and MSLP addition both at 4 and 8 h after incubation. In vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) and organic matter degradability (IVOMD) were significantly improved by the R:C ratio and supplementation of MSLP at 12 h. Increasing the R:C ratio and MSLP concentrations increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and propionic acid (C3) concentrations while decreasing acetic acid (C2) and butyric acid (C4) concentrations; thus, the C2:C3 ratio was reduced. MSLP addition reduced protozoa and methanogen populations (p < 0.05). The calculated CH4 production was decreased (p < 0.05) by the R:C ratios at 40:60 and supplementation of MSLP. Finally, the addition of MSLP as a phytonutrient may improve nutrient degradability and rumen fermentation properties while decreasing protozoa, methanogen population, and CH4 production.

scholarly journals Effects of garlic supplementation on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and gas production.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kekana ◽  
D. Luseba ◽  
M. C. Muyu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Garlic Powder

Abstract Garlic has secondary metabolites that possess antimicrobial properties that can alter nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation similar to known antimicrobial products. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of garlic powder and garlic juice on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and gas production. The treatments were control no additives, garlic powder and garlic juice of 0.5 ml and 1 ml. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre were determined after 48h incubation. Rumen ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids were determined at 12h and 24h incubation. The cumulative gas production was recorded periodically over 48h. The in vitro dry matter disappearance decreased with 1 ml of garlic juice compared to control. The crude protein degradability in garlic powder and garlic juice was lower than in control. The volatile fatty acids increased in all the treatments. Individual volatile fatty acids were significantly different, especially propionate, while the acetate:propionate ratio was reduced by garlic juice, and ammonia nitrogen was reduced by garlic powder and 0.5 ml of garlic juice. The cumulative gas production increased significantly with both levels of garlic juice. The addition of garlic juice at 0.5 mL/100 mL could enhance the production of propionate, and reduce the acetate:propionate ratio implying that the supply of hydrogen for methanogens is limited.

PSXIII-8 Effects of different sources of Zn on in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility of a lactation diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 466-466
Author(s):  
Angela R Boyer ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Alon Blakeney ◽  
Dennis Nuzback ◽  
Brooke Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Vistore® minerals are hydroxychloride minerals that feature high metal content and improved bioavailability. This study was conducted to compare different sources of zinc (Zn) on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Three ruminally-cannulated Jersey heifers were adapted to a lactation diet for two weeks before used as donors. Three sources of Zn were tested at 20 ppm: No supplemental Zn (CON), ZnSO4, Vistore Zn, and another Zn hydroxychloride (Vistore-competitor). The concentration of Zn in this study was selected from a titration study (0 to 40 ppm ZnSO4) to identify the minimum concentration of ZnSo4 affecting rumen fermentation. The lactation diet (TMR) was dried and ground to 1mm and used as substrate. Rumen fluid was collected two hours after feeding. Substrate (0.5 g) was inoculated with 100 mL of 3:1 McDougall’s buffer: ruminal flued mixture at 39ºC for 24 h. Each treatment was run in triplicate and in three runs. Data were analyzed with R 3.0. The model included fixed effect of treatment and random effect of run. ZnSO4 reduced (P &lt; 0.05) maximum gas production, DMD (54 vs. 55.9%) and cellulose (27.5 and 40.7%) digestibility. acetate to propionate ration (2.20 vs. 2.24) and NH3-N concentration (6.0 vs. 7.0 mg/dL), increased (P &lt; 0.05) propionate % (27.2 vs 26.7%) compared to control. Vistore had higher pH than control (6.44 vs. 6.40, P = 0.02) but did not affect other parameters compared to CON. Vistore-competitor reduced total VFA production compared to control, ZnSO4, and Vistore (94 vs. 102, 106 and 107 mM, respectively, P = 0.01) but did not affect other parameters. In general, Vistore Zn maintained in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility, while ZnSO4 had negative effects on both fermentation and digestibility and Vistore-competitor reduced total VFAs. Results indicate hydroxychloride minerals may stabilize rumen parameters versus sulfate sources but different hydroxychloride sources appear to influence rumen parameters differently.

scholarly journals PSIX-8 Evaluation of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaves as a modifier of rumen fermentation in West African dwarf bucks

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 393-394
Author(s):  
Adebayo O Oni ◽  
Bobby-Joe Ogadu ◽  
Azeez O Yusuf ◽  
A Adebowale ◽  
Oluwakemi Oni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
West African ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Methane Gas

Abstract Recently, bioactive component of plant and plant parts have been used as rumen modifier to reduce methane gas production in ruminant livestock so as to reduce their contribution to the implicated greenhouse effect. This study therefore, evaluated the potential of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaves as a modifier of rumen fermentation in West African dwarf bucks. Fresh C. odorata leaves were harvested, air dried (3 weeks), milled using a 2mm sieve size and bagged for both proximate and phytochemical analysis. Concentrate diets were formulated with C. odorata leaf meal included in the diet at 0, 2, 4 and 6% of the whole diet. Rumen fluids were collected from West African dwarf (WAD) bucks (averaged 25kg) using suction tube and randomly allotted to the 4 experimental diets in a Completely Randomized Design. Incubation of inoculums was done for 96hrs with 12 replicates per treatment in a single run. Data obtained were analyzed using a One-way Analysis of Variance and means compared using Tukey’s Test. Results indicated that C. odorata had 969.0mg/kg dry matter, 175.1mg/kg crude protein, 204.3mg/kg crude fibre, 521.6mg/kg nitrogen free extract, 19.9 mg/kg saponin, 25.7 mg/kg tannin, 10.8mg/kg flavonoid and 12.6 mg/kg alkaloid. The addition of 2 and 4% C. odorata to the diets resulted in increased (P &lt; 0.05) in vitro gas production while C. odorata at 2 % reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the methane gas (%) estimate. In vitro organic and dry matter digestibilities, total digestible substrates and short chain fatty acids were increased (P &lt; 0.05) with C. odorata addition to the diets. This study concluded that the use of C. odorata as an additive at 2 and 4% inclusion increased total gas output; however, 2% inclusion will be beneficial as it reduced the methane output while maintaining higher gas production and digestibility.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of Lactobacillus plantarum as direct-fed microbials in high-producing dairy cows diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo F Monteiro ◽  
Ana Laura J Lelis ◽  
Virginia L N Brandao ◽  
Andressa Faccenda ◽  
Andre S Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
N Metabolism

Abstract The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the effects of live yeast (LY), yeast fermentation product (YFP), a mix of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (MLP), and Lactobacillus plantarum included as additives in dairy cows’ diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation and gas production (GP); and 2) to evaluate the effects of L. plantarum as direct-fed microbials (DFM) in dairy cows’ diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, GP, nutrient digestibility, and N metabolism. Three experiments were carried out: Exp. 1 had the objective to compare all additives regarding ruminal fermentation parameters: an Ankom GP system was used in a completely randomized design, consisting of four 48 h incubations, and eight replications per treatment. There were eight treatments: a basal diet without additive (CTRL) or with one of the following additives: LY, YFP, MLP, or L. plantarum at four levels (% of diet Dry Matter (DM)): 0.05% (L1), 0.10% (L2), 0.15% (L3), and 0.20% (L4). In Exp. 2, a batch culture was used to evaluate ruminal fermentation, and CO2 and CH4 production using the same treatments and a similar experimental design, except for having 16 replications per treatment. Based on Exp. 1 and 2 results, Exp. 3 aimed at evaluating the effects of the L. plantarum on ruminal true nutrient digestibility and N utilization in order to evaluate the use of L. plantarum as DFM. The treatments CTRL, MLP, L1, and L2 were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Data were analyzed using linear and nonlinear regression; treatment means were compared through contrasts, and L treatments in Exp. 1 and 2 were tested for linear, quadratic, and cubic effects. In Exp. 1, all treatments containing additives tended to reduce OM digestibility as well as reduced total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and total GP. The YFP had greater OM digestibility than LY, and MLP treatment had greater total VFA concentration compared to L. plantarum treatments. In Exp. 2, additives reduced CO2 production, and there were no major differences in CH4. In Exp. 3, all additives reduced NH3-N concentration. In conclusion, pH and lactate concentration were not affected in all three experiments regardless of additive tested, suggesting that these additives may not improve ruminal fermentation by pH modulation; and L. plantarum may improve ruminal N metabolism when used as DFM in high-producing dairy cows’ diets, mainly by reducing NH3-N concentration.

scholarly journals Methanolic extract of Urochloa humidicola on in vitro rumen fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513
Author(s):  
Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas ◽  
Delci de Deus Nepomuceno ◽  
Elisa Cristina Modesto ◽  
Tatiana Pires Pereira ◽  
João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of the methanolic extract of Urochloa humidicola at four different concentrations (0, 75, 150, and 250 g L-1) on the in vitro rumen fermentation of Urochloa brizantha. The following variables were evaluated by the in vitro gas production technique: kinetic parameters; rumen degradation of dry matter; and production and concentration of the methane and carbon dioxide gases and of the acetate, propionate, and butyrate short-chain fatty acids. The addition of the methanolic extract reduces the production of gases generated from the degradation of non-fibrous carbohydrates (fraction A) in 9.55, 6.67, and 13.33%, respectively, at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1, compared with the control group, but it negatively affects the degradation of the dry matter of U. brizantha at the concentrations of 150 and 250 g L-1. The extract shows negative quadratic effect on gas production during 12 and 24 hours of U. brizantha incubation. The extract of U. humidicola reduces methane production and increases short-chain fatty acid production at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1.

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