scholarly journals 4 Agrochemical Residues, Product Quality, and Safety of Beef Fed Cotton Ginning and Other Byproduct Feeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
David J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Harvest Aid

Abstract Most commodity crops undergo milling, husking, ginning or other processing procedures before use as human food or fiber. Byproduct nutrient density varies with the type of grain or oil seed processed and use typically varies with nutrient needs of specific production situations. Drought or high grain prices may increase the use of byproducts; regionally available, low-cost ingredients such as cotton ginning byproduct may be used extensively by beef producers to replace forage. Doubt associated with the use of such byproducts is not typically related to nutritional value but with uncertainties about the presence of residual pesticides, herbicides, or harvest-aid chemicals. Potential chemical residues in consumer products and the concomitant financial and reputational losses borne by the industry provide an impetus for concern. Negative experiences with contaminated Australian beef established a long-lived suspicion of “cotton trash” that continues to impact the industry today. The purpose of this review is to discuss sources, amounts, and risks of chemical residues associated with byproduct feeds used in the southern United States with cotton ginning byproducts as a major focus. The use patterns of specific crop protection and harvest-aid chemicals will be discussed in context with chemical tolerances established by the U.S. EPA. In addition, U.S. pesticide monitoring programs in beef will be discussed. Although data describing the transmission of chemical residues from byproduct feeds into beef products are limited, the available data suggest some best practices could be adopted to mitigate concerns and minimize possible agrochemical residue contamination of beef.

Toward Manufacturing Low-Cost, Large-Area Electronics

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Chason ◽  
Daniel R. Gamota ◽  
Paul W. Brazis ◽  
Krishna Kalyanasundaram ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Printed Wiring Board ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Wiring Board ◽  
Large Area Electronics

AbstractDevelopments originally targeted toward economical manufacturing of telecommunications products have planted the seeds for new opportunities such as low-cost, large-area electronics based on printing technologies. Organic-based materials systems for printed wiring board (PWB) construction have opened up unique opportunities for materials research in the fabrication of modular electronic systems.The realization of successful consumer products has been driven by materials developments that expand PWB functionality through embedded passive components, novel MEMS structures (e.g., meso-MEMS, in which the PWB-based structures are at the milliscale instead of the microscale), and microfluidics within the PWB. Furthermore, materials research is opening up a new world of printed electronics technology, where active devices are being realized through the convergence of printing technologies and microelectronics.

“Tata i-Shakti” to “Tata Sampann”: rebranding or repositioning?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Geetika Varshneya ◽  
Gopal Das
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Rural Market ◽  
Umbrella Branding ◽  
Executive Level

Subject area Marketing. Study level/applicability This case may be used by instructors to teach undergraduate, post graduate and executive level programmes in management. It may be used in basic marketing, branding or marketing strategy courses. The case may serve as a platform for the instructor to discuss the concepts and issues related to positioning and repositioning. Case overview Tata Chemicals, a subsidiary of the Tata group, launched the “i-Shakti” brand six years ago for its low-cost “solar-evaporated” salt for rural customers. In 2010, the company extended the brand equity of i-Shakti to a premium segment and launched a new brand “Tata i-Shakti” with a range of unpolished pulses. Changing the brand name and customer base from “i-Shakti for rural market” to “Tata i-Shakti for premium market” created a dilemma among customers in the market. To overcome this problem, in October 2015, the company’s portfolio of pulses, gram flour and food grade soda under “Tata i-Shakti” label has migrated into a new brand “Tata Sampann”. The company also launched a range of spices under the brand name of “Tata Sampann”. This new brand “Tata Sampann” was launched to serve the premium segment with an aim to “enrich everyday meals with extra nutrition and extra joy”. Also, this brand recreation was made by the company with anticipation to make avenues for future launches in the staples and food segment under Tata’s consumer products business. It has been almost a year since Tata Sampann was launched in the market. Given the tough competition and expected growth of the spices market in India, it remained to be seen whether “Tata i-Shakti” was rightly rebranded or repositioned with “Tata Sampann”. Expected learning outcomes To make participants understand the basic concepts of branding such as umbrella branding, brand repositioning and rebranding. To make participants learn about various brand elements and how they contribute in communicating the value proposition of the brand. To make participants appreciate various marketing and brand related strategies. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS: 8: Marketing.

scholarly journals Co-Operation among Irish Beef Farmers: Current Perspectives and Future Prospects in the Context of New Producer Organisation (PO) Legislation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4085
Author(s):  
Hooks Teresa ◽  
Macken-Walsh Áine ◽  
McCarthy Olive ◽  
Power Carol ◽  
Henchion Maeve
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Lack Of Commitment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beef Sector

Irish beef farms have experienced poor viability longitudinally, with industry and policy actors citing ‘crisis’ levels in 2013. A crucial differentiator between the beef sector and the dairy sector, which has higher farm incomes, is well-developed infrastructure of farmer-owned dairy processing and marketing co-operatives. To address the lack of representative farmer organisations and power imbalances in the beef supply chain, in 2016 the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine (DAFM) legislated for the establishment of beef Producer Organisations (POs), facilitating beef producers to collectively strengthen their market positioning. While PO legislation is a significant development in potentially enabling supply chain integration of farmers, how the legislation is operationalised by Irish beef industry stakeholders will ultimately shape the nature and breadth of engagement with the PO model and, consequently, the impact of the legislation. In a context where there is little or no prior experience of such organisations in the beef sector, this paper presents an analysis of current stakeholder views in relation to the establishment of POs. Research involved a desk based review of the submissions made during the consultation period for the beef PO legislation and interviews with key informants in the Irish beef industry. We analysed Irish stakeholders’ views through the lens of lessons learned from the existing literature on how POs operate internationally. Results indicate some stakeholders’ perceptions of the need for a nationally coordinated approach in the establishment of an Association of POs, which concurs with the literature. However, stakeholders have not emphasised the benefits of Interbranch Organisations (IBOs), which involve vertical collaboration with other chain actors such as processors and retailers, an approach that has proven successful internationally. Nor have Irish stakeholders identified the potential of differentiating or premiumising beef products, which, according to international evidence, is necessary for improving profitability and farm-level incomes. Stakeholders identified the main threats to the future success of POs in Ireland as members’ lack of commitment and processors’ lack of willingness to engage with POs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Plant Susceptibility to Pests: A Mini Opinion Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Coutand
Keyword(s):  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Develop Environment ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Plants are subject to multiple pest attacks during their growing cycle. In order to address consumers’ desire to buy healthy vegetables and fruits, i.e., without chemical residues, and to develop environment-friendly agriculture, major research efforts are being made to find alternative methods to reduce or suppress the use of chemicals. Many methods are currently being tested. Among these methods, some are being tested in order to modify plant physiology to render it less susceptible to pathogen and pest attacks by developing plant immunity. An emerging potentially interesting method that is being studied at this time is mechanical stimuli (MS). Although the number of articles on the effect of MS on plant immunity is still not large, it has been reported that several types of mechanical stimuli induce a reduction of plant susceptibility to pests for different plant species in the case of wounding and non-wounding stimuli. This mini review aims to summarize the knowledge available at this time by raising questions that should be addressed before considering MS as an operable alternative method to increase plant immunity for crop protection.

scholarly journals SilverSil: A New Class of Antibacterial Materials of Broad Scope

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Trabelsi ◽  
Rosaria Ciriminna ◽  
Yael Albo ◽  
Mario Pagliaro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Materials ◽  
New Class ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
Organically Modified Silica ◽  
Hospital School

Consisting of organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) physically doped with Ag nanoparticles, the SilverSil new class of antibacterial materials of broad scope reported herein shows remarkably high and stable activity against representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The low cost, ease of application and excellent health and environmental profile of SilverSil hybrid glassy coatings open the route to their widespread utilization across domestic, hospital, school, industrial and commercial environments and in consumer products.<br>

scholarly journals Fluorescence and Naked-Eye Detection of Pb2+ in Drinking Water Using a Low-Cost Ionophore Based Sensing Scheme

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Hakonen ◽  
Niklas Strömberg
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Lead Ion ◽  
Eye Detection ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Naked Eye Detection

Drinking water contamination of lead from various environmental sources, leaching consumer products and intrinsic water-pipe infrastructure is still today a matter of great concern. Therefore, new highly sensitive and convenient Pb2+ measurement schemes are necessary, especially for in-situ measurements at a low-cost. Within this work dye/ionophore/Pb2+ co-extraction and effective water phase de-colorization was utilized for highly sensitive lead measurements and sub-ppb naked-eye detection. A low-cost ionophore Benzo-18-Crown-6-ether was used, and a simple test-tube mix and separate procedure was developed. Instrumental detection limits were in the low ppt region (LOD=3, LOQ=10), and naked-eye detection was 500 ppt. Note, however, that this sensing scheme still has improvement potential as concentrations of fluorophore and ionophore were not optimized. Artificial tap-water samples, leached by a standardized method, demonstrated drinking water application. Implications for this method are convenient in-situ lead ion measurements.

Exploiting the biocontrol potential of indigenous Trichoderma sp. against major phytopathogens of Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Athul Sandheep R. ◽  
Aju K. Asok ◽  
Fathima P. A. ◽  
Jisha M. S.
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Pathogen Suppression ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

This study was conducted to evaluate the biocontrol potential of indigenous Trichoderma sp. against fungal pathogens of Vanilla. The pathogens namely Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii caus-ing wilt and rot diseases of vanilla were isolated from naturally infected va-nilla plants. Among the ten isolates mainly two species Trichoderma harzi-anum T2 and Trichoderma virens T5 which showed 80 to 90% inhibitions against the selected fungal pathogens were selected. The Trichoderma iso-lates were identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplifica-tion and sequencing. The sequences generated in this study were deposited in the NCBI GenBank under the accession number JN 863298 for the isolate T. virens and JN 000305 for the isolate T. harzianum.The compatibility of the bioagents with selected fungicides was also investigated under in vitro con-ditions. Bordeaux mixture was found to be inhibitory to Trichoderma at all given concentrations whereas it was found to be compatible with Potassium phosphonate. T. harzianum inoculation resulted into 90-95 % disease sup-pression under green house experiment and was superior than the inocula-tion of T. virens and the standard T. harzianum (MTCC 801). Application of biocontrol agents for crop protection is very significant as it has several ad-vantages such as possibility of multiple pathogen suppression, low cost and promotion of soil fertility.

scholarly journals Sublethal Effects of Ionic and Nanogold on the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suanne Bosch ◽  
Tarryn Lee Botha ◽  
Anine Jordaan ◽  
Mark Maboeta ◽  
Victor Wepener
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Short Period

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as an ecotoxicological model species in both aqueous medium and solid substrates. It is easy and of low cost to maintain in the laboratory and it produces hundreds of offspring within a short period of time. It also has a small body size (1 mm), making it possible for in vivo assays to be conducted in 12-well plates. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are a class of emerging pollutants. Nanogold (nAu) is used in many consumer products and in vivo drug delivery. These materials can be released into the aquatic environment during production or discarding of consumer products. As nAu is insoluble in water, the sediment would become the final depository for the materials. It has become increasingly important to use sediment dwelling organisms to screen for possible toxicity of these ENMs. In this study C. elegans was exposed to a range of concentrations of nAu and ionic gold in M9-media, acting as a substitute for pore water. After 96-hour growth, fertility and reproduction were determined. Internal structure damage and internalisation of particles in C. elegans were determined by using SEM and CytoViva® Darkfield Imaging. From these images the nanomaterials are distributed around the oocytes in the reproductive organs, as well as the pharynx. Results obtained indicate that nAu affects reproduction more than growth due to internal gonad damage, albeit at very high exposure concentrations, indicating no toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations. Ionic Au is more toxic than nAu and effects fertility and reproduction due to ion release. These results give more information regarding the toxicity and in vivo uptake of nAu and form part of an environmental risk assessment of ENMs.

Discussion Panel on Computer Vision and Occupational Ergonomics

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 958-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Radwin ◽  
SangHyun Lee ◽  
Kang Li ◽  
Max Lieblich ◽  
Byoung-keon Daniel Park
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Manual Lifting ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Diverse Field

Computer vision has already impacted a diverse field of applications, ranging from industrial robotics, intelligent and autonomous vehicles, security surveillance, manufacturing inspection, and human-computer interaction. Furthermore, digital imaging technologies are advancing ever smaller in size, finer in granularity, and faster in processing, while becoming less expensive and thus more accessible to businesses, organizations, and individuals in devices such as smart phones and tablets. Consumer products such as the Kinect™ offer advanced marker-less 3D motion capture capabilities at a low cost. New computer vision methods are now being researched and developed for occupational ergonomics applications. It is anticipated that these new tools will profoundly impact the future of occupational ergonomics and provide a variety of new instruments and techniques for design, analysis and evaluation in the practice of ergonomics. A panel of leading experts will describe some of the cutting edge research they are pursuing utilizing computer vision for occupational ergonomics applications. Radwin, Lee and Li use algorithms that track pixel patterns recorded from conventional video for quantifying repetitive hand motion, manual lifting and whole-body activities. Lee and Li describe the use computer vision tools to predict joint angles for a whole-body link model. Lieblich and Park describe the use of Kinect™ for classifying postures and generating individualized task specific avatars. Each of these approaches has specific advantages and limitations, which will be addressed by the panel. A discussion will follow exploring future research needs as well as engaging in a discussion among panelists and attendees about the needs, limitations, and obstacles that this new technology faces in bringing it into practice.

scholarly journals Diet and Economic Modelling to Improve the Quality and Affordability of the Australian Diet for Low and Medium Socioeconomic Households

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5771
Author(s):  
Michelle Blumfield ◽  
Carlene Starck ◽  
Tim Keighley ◽  
Peter Petocz ◽  
Anna Roesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
The Impact

Food costs are a barrier to healthier diet selections, particularly for low socioeconomic households who regularly choose processed foods containing refined grains, added sugars, and added fats. In this study, the objectives were to: (i) identify the nutrient density-to-cost ratio of Australian foods; (ii) model the impact of substituting foods with lower nutrient density-to-cost ratio with those with the highest nutrient density-to-cost ratio for diet quality and affordability in low and medium socioeconomic households; and (iii) evaluate food processing levels. Foods were categorized, coded for processing level, analysed for nutrient density and cost, and ranked by nutrient density-to-cost ratio. The top quartile of nutrient dense, low-cost foods included 54% unprocessed (vegetables and reduced fat dairy), 33% ultra-processed (fortified wholegrain bread and breakfast cereals <20 g sugars/100 g), and 13% processed (fruit juice and canned legumes). Using substitution modelling, diet quality improved by 52% for adults and 71% for children across all households, while diet affordability improved by 25% and 27% for low and medium socioeconomic households, respectively. The results indicate that the quality and affordability of the Australian diet can be improved when nutritious, low-cost foods are selected. Processing levels in the healthier modelled diets suggest that some ultra-processed foods may provide a beneficial source of nutrition when consumed within national food group recommendations.

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