scholarly journals 47 Effect of Zelnate administered at initial processing in high-risk, newly received beef calves on performance and morbidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Brady E Martin ◽  
Reagan N Cauble ◽  
Elizabeth Kegley ◽  
Jermey G Powell
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Initial Processing ◽  
Respiratory Treatment

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Zelnate, a DNA immunostimulant, administered to calves (n = 261; BW 253 ± 4.0 kg) upon arrival, on morbidity and mortality, growth performance, and producer costs. Crossbred male beef calves (steers and bulls) were acquired from multiple auction markets and transported to the University of Arkansas stocker unit for a 42-d backgrounding period. Calves were randomly allocated to chute side into treatment groups: 1) Control (CON) in which no immunostimulant was administered or 2) Zelnate (ZEL), DNA immunostimulant administered. Animals were checked daily for signs of morbidity and treated with preplanned antibiotics. Records for morbidity and mortality were kept in addition to body temperature, clinical score, and body weight at the time of treatment. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS. Significance was declared at P < 0.05 and tendencies were observed between 0.05 ≤ P < 0.10. No animals died during the duration of this study; however, Zelnate treated calves tended (P = 0.09) to have a lower relapse rate compared to control calves. Average daily gain was similar (P = 0.60) between the two treatment groups. This study also indicated that the treatment cost (Zelnate plus antibiotics) for the Zelnate group was more expensive than the cost to treat the control group (P < 0.01). Overall, our findings indicate that Zelnate administered upon arrival to high risk calves did not improve morbidity rates and respiratory treatment or affect performance; however, it did increase costs by $9.24 per calf. Based upon these results, Zelnate does not appear to be an effective therapy for BRD when given upon arrival.

scholarly journals 48 Effect of Zelnate administered at initial processing in high-risk, newly received beef calves on performance and morbidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Brady E Martin ◽  
Reagan N Cauble ◽  
Elizabeth Kegley ◽  
Jermey G Powell
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Initial Processing ◽  
Respiratory Treatment

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Zelnate, a DNA immunostimulant, administered to calves (n = 261; BW 253 ± 4.0 kg) upon arrival, on morbidity and mortality, growth performance, and producer costs. Crossbred male beef calves (steers and bulls) were acquired from multiple auction markets and transported to the University of Arkansas stocker unit for a 42-d backgrounding period. Calves were randomly allocated to chute side into treatment groups: 1) Control (CON) in which no immunostimulant was administered or 2) Zelnate (ZEL), DNA immunostimulant administered. Animals were checked daily for signs of morbidity and treated with preplanned antibiotics. Records for morbidity and mortality were kept in addition to body temperature, clinical score, and body weight at the time of treatment. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS. Significance was declared at P < 0.05 and tendencies were observed between 0.05 ≤ P < 0.10. No animals died during the duration of this study, however, Zelnate treated calves tended (P = 0.09) to have a lower relapse rate compared to control calves. Average daily gain was similar (P = 0.60) between the two treatment groups. This study also indicated that the treatment cost (Zelnate plus antibiotics) for the Zelnate group was more expensive than the cost to treat the control group (P < 0.01). Overall, our findings indicate that Zelnate administered upon arrival to high risk calves did not improve morbidity rates and respiratory treatment or affect performance, however it did increase costs by $9.24 per calf. Based upon these results, Zelnate does not appear to be an effective therapy for BRD when given upon arrival.

scholarly journals Effects of attapulgite dietary supplementation on sow performance in two commercial farms in Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. KANOULAS ◽  
G. A. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
G. ARSENOS ◽  
E. D. TZIKA ◽  
P. FORTOMARIS
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Phases

The present study investigated the effects of attapulgite supplementation in sow diets during gestation and lactation on sow performance. The study comprised two reproductive phases (cycles) in two commercial farrow to finish farms: Farm A (capacity: 550 sows) and Farm B (capacity: 220 sows). The treatment groups were: a) control group (CN): the sows were fed a common gestation or lactation diet; b) attapulgite group (AT): the sows were fed the CN diet supplemented with attapulgite at 0,7% level; c) attapulgite plus group (AT+): the sows were fed the CN diet supplemented with attapulgite (0.7%) and a mix of enzymes, live yeast and amino acids (0.1%), at a total of 0.8% level. Within each cycle the sows included per treatment were: 24 for Farm A; 12 for Farm B. Initially data were analyzed per cycle and per each farm. Data from sows that completed both cycles within each farm, were analyzed by repeated measures analysis. Regarding sow parameters, sow body weight loss during lactation tended to be greater in AT sows compared to CN sows during cycle 1 in Farm B and was greater in AT and AT+ than CN sows in Farm A that completed both cycles (P=0.063 and P=0.023, respectively). A greater litter size 24h postpartum was observed in favour of AT compared to CN group during cycle 1 in Farm A and in sows that completed both cycles in Farm A (P=0.001 and P= 0.011, respectively). Litter size at weaning was greater in sows from the AT group than CN during cycle 1 and 2 in Farm A, in cycle 1 in Farm B and in sows that completed both cycles in Farm A (P=0.004, P=0.037, P=0.037, and P=0.022, respectively). Piglet weight at weaning and average daily gain during lactation were greater in AT group than CN and AT+ in sows that completed both cycles in Farm A (P=0.049 and P=0.040 respectively). Notable similar effects, although not statistically significant, were also observed in Farm B. This field study suggests that attapulgite supplementation in sow diets can improve performance indexes. Further research should investigate the underlying mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes of Class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: A randomized controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Eissa ◽  
Mahmoud El-Shennawy ◽  
Safaa Gaballah ◽  
Ghada El-Meehy ◽  
Tarek El Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) used with miniscrew anchorage and compare them with those of the conventional Forsus FRD. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 38 patients. These patients were randomly allocated into three groups. The 14 patients in group 1 (aged 12.76 ± 1.0 years) were treated with the FRD appliance. In group 2, the 15 patients (aged 12.52 ± 1.12 years) received treatment with FRD using miniscrew anchorage, and the 9 patients in group 3 (aged 12.82 ± 0.9 years) received no treatment as a control group. Linear and angular measurements were made on lateral cephalograms before and immediately after Forsus treatment. Data were analyzed statistically using paired t-, ANOVA, and Tukey tests. Results: Class I molar relationship and overjet correction were achieved in both treatment groups. Although mandibular growth was statistically nonsignificant, there was a significant headgear effect on the maxilla. Mandibular incisor proclination, maxillary incisor retroclination, and distalization of maxillary molars were significant in both treatment groups. However, no significant differences were found between the treatment groups. Conclusions: Class II correction was mainly dentoalveolar in both treatment groups. Use of miniscrews with Forsus did not enhance mandibular forward growth nor prevent labial tipping of the mandibular incisors.

Influence of manure gases on the onset of puberty of replacement gilts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Malayer ◽  
K. E. Brandt ◽  
M. L. Green ◽  
D. T. Kelly ◽  
A. L. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Group Concentration ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractTo determine whether gases generated during the breakdown of accumulated manure in an environmentally regulated building affects the onset of puberty in gilts, 42 crossbred gilts, born from 1 o t 15 September 1985, were reared indoors from 10 to 30 weeks of age on concrete slats over a pit that was drained and refilled with clean water biweekly (clean group). Forty-two gilts were reared over a pit where manure was allowed to accumulate (control group). These two groups had similar feeding, water, floor space, lighting and room temperature. A third group of 42 crossbred gilts was reared from 10 to 30 weeks of age in an open-front building with a concrete apron (outdoor group). Concentration of aerial ammonia in the control environment was three- to five-fold higher than in either the clean or the outdoor environment (P < 0·001). Average daily gain and food conversion efficiency were similar for the two indoor treatment groups, but the outdoor group gained less weight than either indoor group (P < 0·05). At 26 weeks of age all gilts were exposed to mature boars daily for 2 weeks, then every 2nd day for an additional 2 weeks. A greater proportion of gilts in the clean environment attained puberty 7 days (P < 0·05) and 10 days (P < 0·07) after first exposure to boars. These data suggest that odorous gases, such as ammonia, in the air of environmentally regulated buildings may diminish the stimulatory influence of boars on the onset of puberty in gilts.

scholarly journals Nutritional Supplements Fortified with Oils from Canola, Flaxseed, Safflower and Rice Bran Improve Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Australian Prime Lambs

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Le ◽  
Quang Nguyen ◽  
Don Nguyen ◽  
Bunmi Malau-Aduli ◽  
Peter Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Dietary Oil

This study investigated live animal performance and carcass characteristics of Australian prime lambs fed oil based polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched pellets in a feedlot system. The tested hypothesis was that supplementation of lambs with a variety of dietary oil based PUFA enriched pellets would enhance growth and carcass characteristics compared with the control lambs fed only with lucerne hay. Seventy-two, 6 months old White Suffolk x Corriedale first-cross prime lambs with an average liveweight (LWT) of 35.7 ± 0.9 kg were allocated to six treatment groups in a completely randomised experimental design. The treatments were: (1) control: lucerne hay only; or lucerne hay plus wheat-based pellets infused with 50 mL/kg dry matter (DM) of oils from (2) rice bran (RBO); (3) canola (CO); (4) rumen protected (RPO); (5) flaxseed (FO) and (6) safflower (SO) dietary sources. All lambs had ad libitum access to lucerne hay and clean fresh water. Supplemented lambs were fed 1 kg of pellet/head/day for 10 weeks. Feed intake, final LWT, average daily gain (ADG), body conformation and carcass characteristics of lambs in the supplemented groups were all greater than for the control group. SO lambs had the lowest ADG of 190.3 g/day. RBO and CO treatments had the lowest feed cost per unit gain of AU$3.0/kg. Supplemented lambs had similar over the hooks (OTH) incomes that were all higher than that of the control group. This empirical evidence-based data demonstrated that supplementation of lambs with RBO and CO had comparatively lower feed costs without compromising ADG, carcass characteristics and OTH income.

The Effect of Drugs in Preventing Retitrombosis after Arterial Thrombectomy in Dogs

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lastoria ◽  
F.H.A. Maffei
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Vascular Reconstruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Group A ◽  
Coagulation And Fibrinolysis ◽  
Platelet Functions

Patients submitted to vascular reconstruction may be at high risk of thrombosis, possibly due to an hypercoagulable state and reduction of in and out-flow. The use of drugs to lower this risk has frequently been advocated. In order to reproduce to some extent such a situation, an experimental model was developed and the effect of some dings evaluated. Thrombosis was induced in the femoral artery of 42 dogs by endothelial injury and by reduction of flow and run-off. Twenty four hours later the animals were randomly allocated to one of six treatment groups: control, 2,500 U of subcutaneous heparin each 8 hours, 10 ml/kg of intravenous dextran, 0.5 mg/kg of dipyridamoleeach 8 hours, 0.5 U/kg of bothropase (coagulant fraction of the venom of Bothrops jararacakindly supplied by Dr.G. Rosenfeld), either in one sole dose or each 12 hours. Thirty minutes after treatment being initiated thrombectomy was performed. Arterial permeability was again verified after another 24 hours, by inspection and arteriography. Tests for clotting, fibrinolytic and platelet functions were performed sequentially. At the end of the first step of the experience there was thrombosis and alteration in coagulation and fibrinolysis in 1001 of the animals. After thrombectomy rethrombosis occurred in all animals of the control group. A significant reduction of rethrombosis was observed for the groups treated with dipyridamole and bothropase each 12 hours.

scholarly journals Effects of sweetener sucralose on diet preference, growth performance and hematological and biochemical parameters of weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 802-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwei Zhang ◽  
Holden He ◽  
Limin Gong ◽  
Wenqing Lai ◽  
Bing Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Health State ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diet Preference

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sucralose on diet preference and growth performance of weaned piglets, and a third experiment was a 28-d safety study to examine if high-dose sucralose could affect the health state of weaned piglets.Methods: In experiment one, 48 piglets had free access to a corn-soybean based diet and the same diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose for 15 d. In experiment two, 180 piglets were blocked into 5 treatments with 6 replications. They were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/kg sucralose for 28 days. In experiment three, 108 piglets were randomly assigned to 3 treatments and fed diets supplemented with 0, 150 (suitable level), and 1,500 (ten-fold suitable level) mg/kg sucralose for 28 d.Results: The experiment 1 showed that piglets preferred (p<0.05) diets containing sucralose during experimental period. In experiment 2, piglets fed a diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than pigs in the control group and other treatment groups during the experiment period. The concentrations of sucralose over 150 mg/kg may decrease feed intake. However, no difference in feed conversion ratio was observed. In experiment 3, piglets fed diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher ADG and ADFI than that of pigs in the control group and 1,500 mg/kg treatment groups during the experiment period. Clinical blood metabolites, organ index and histological morphology were not significantly different between sucralose treatments.Conclusion: Sucralose can promote feed intake and thereby improve growth performance of weaned piglets. Moreover, inclusion of 1,500 mg/kg sucralose was demonstrated to have no observed adverse effects. Supplementing 150 mg/kg sucralose for weaned piglets is recommended in this study.

scholarly journals Sophorolipid protects against early-weaning syndrome by improving the gut microenvironment in early-weaned piglets

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jin Kwak ◽  
Sun-Woo Choi ◽  
Yong-Soon Choi ◽  
Hanbae Lee ◽  
Kwang-Youn Whang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Mucin Layer

Abstract Background In animals, weaning stress is the first and most critical stress. Weaning can negatively affect the growth performance of animals physically, psychologically, and pathologically. Our previous studies on the HT-29 cell line and early-weaned rats demonstrated that adequate sophorolipid (SPL) supplementation in feed could enhance the mucin-producing and wound healing capacities of the gut defense system by modulating gut microbiota. Methods We conducted an experiment with one hundred forty 21-day-old early weaned piglets (L x Y x D). They were allocated into 4 treatment and 7 replications (4 pigs per pen) according to their initial body weight. Body weight and feed intake were measured biweekly during experimental period. After 6 weeks, 28 pigs were randomly selected and sacrificed to collect plasma, jejunum, and cecal content samples. Results Dietary SPL supplementation at 5 and 10 mg/kg quadratically increased the average daily gain during the experimental period in the treatment groups when compared with the control group. The albumin levels of piglets fed with the SPL supplemented diet were downregulated to the normal range. Moreover, in feed, SPL supplementation at 5 and 10 mg/kg improved jejunal histological indices and gene expression levels related to mucin secretion and local inflammation markers. Consistent with these results, adequate SPL supplementation (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased the population of Prevotella, a beneficial bacterium, and its short-chain fatty acid production in the ceca of piglets. Conclusions The occurrence of diarrhea after weaning in piglets could be reduced by feeding a 10 ppm of SPL supplemented diet which improves the gut defense system by improving the microbial population and enhancing mucin layer integrity.

scholarly journals Characterization of Different Commercial Dietary Supplements in the Peri-Weaning Period on Consumption and Growth Performance in C57Bl/6J Mice

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Angela M. Craig ◽  
Melanie L. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Gel Treatment ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of common commercially available dietary supplementation in the peri-weaning period on feed intake, growth, and survival in C57Bl/6J mouse pups and lactating dams. A total of 96 pups and their dams were randomized to the control group or one of three nutritional supplement treatment groups: (i) control group without supplementation, or (ii) weanling-targeted Clear H2O gel (Gel), (iii) transgenic-targeted Bio-Serv dough (Dough), or (iv) dam diet as a mash (Chow), in the peri-weaning period (from 11 to 28 days). Stool was observed daily for a dye marker indicating supplement consumption. Pups were weaned at 21 days and followed for a total of 42 days. No pup morbidity or mortality was observed. There was a higher proportion of pups consuming dough and gel earlier than chow (p = 0.0091). The majority of treated pups (>95%) were consuming the supplement by day 23 (range 15–23), suggesting interplay between organoleptic properties of the supplement and pup maturity. All groups gained weight, with typical sexual dimorphism observed in the growth curves. Dough treatment led to significantly higher average daily gain in male pups (0.64 ± 0.03 g/d) as compared with controls (0.58 ± 0.03 g/d). The highest average daily gain in all groups was observed pre-weaning between days 21 and 28. Compared with controls, the weight gain slope was significantly higher in the Dough and Chow treatment groups and lower in Gel treatment groups, with a more pronounced effect in males. In this study, the composition of nutritional supplementation was the dominant factor in increasing the growth trend as opposed to energy density. Peri-weaning supplementation with Dough and Chow treatments improved pre- and post-growth performance in a comparable way and was more effective than Gel treatment during adaptation to solid feeding. Proper application of supplements to support weanlings can directly improve welfare and limit unintended experimental variability.

The effect of dietary addition of a polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrophala Koidz on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1β expression in weaned piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. LI ◽  
X. WU ◽  
H. Z. PENG ◽  
M. Z. FAN ◽  
Z. P. HOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Weanling Piglets ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYThe present study was conducted to determine the effects of a polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrophala Koidz (PAM) as a dietary additive on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1β expression in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty Landrace×Yorkshire piglets weaned at 28 days old (body weight 7·5±0·07 kg) were assigned to five treatment groups (three pens/group, eight piglets/pen) fed maize/soybean-based diets supplemented with 0, 3, 6 or 9 g of PAM/kg diet or antibiotics (0·4 g flavomycin/kg+0·13 g olaquindox/kg). The experimental period was 28 days. With increasing PAM supplementation levels, average daily gain was greater (quadratic, P<0·05) and the ratio of amount fed to live weight (LW) gain (feed/gain) improved (quadratic, P<0·05) during days 14–28 and overall, and diarrhoea incidence decreased (linear, P<0·05) during days 14–28. Supplementation of PAM also increased (quadratic, P<0·05) serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 on day 14, and increased (quadratic, P<0·05) IL-1β expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes. Concentrations of PAM between 6 and 9 g/kg presented the strongest bioactivity compared to the control group or antibiotic-fed group. These findings indicate that PAM is effective in improving growth performance and cytokine response, which suggests that PAM can be used as a diet additive for weanling piglets.

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