West Indian Canefly (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): An Emerging Pest of Louisiana Sugarcane

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
B E Wilson ◽  
J M Beuzelin ◽  
R T Richard ◽  
R M Johnson ◽  
K A Gravois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Grid Sampling ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The West Indian canefly, Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a sporadic pest of sugarcane in Louisiana which has recently emerged as a more consistent threat with outbreaks occurring in 2012, 2016, 2017, and 2019. Surveys of commercial fields in 2016 revealed that S. saccharivora infestations were present throughout Louisiana sugarcane and populations peaked in mid-June before declining. High minimum winter temperatures are generally associated with S. saccharivora outbreaks. Six insecticide evaluations demonstrated effective control with several insecticides including λ-cyhalothrin, flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid. In five of the six insecticide trials, S. saccharivora infestations had substantially declined by 21 d after treatment. Effects of insecticidal control of S. saccharivora on sugar yields were detected in one of four small plot trials in which yield data were collected. Linear regression revealed S. saccharivora cumulative insect days in a grid sampling study were inversely associated with sugar yields. Results from these collective experiments suggest impacts on sugar yields are influenced by pest density and infestation duration. Differences were detected in numbers of S. saccharivora nymphs and adults as well as sooty mold coverage among commercial sugarcane cultivars with more than twofold increases in the most susceptible compared to resistant cultivars. The research presented herein documents the impact of S. saccharivora to Louisiana sugarcane and provides important ground work for developing effective pest management strategies. Future research efforts should aim to identify ecological factors influencing population dynamics, varietal preferences, and economic thresholds.

scholarly journals Verticillium Wilt of Olive and Its Control: What Did We Learn during the Last Decade?

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Montes-Osuna ◽  
Jesús Mercado-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Olive Cultivation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Verticillium (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) wilt is one of the most devastating diseases affecting olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) cultivation. Its effective control strongly relies on integrated management strategies. Olive cultivation systems are experiencing important changes (e.g., high-density orchards, etc.) aiming at improving productivity. The impact of these changes on soil biology and the incidence/severity of olive pests and diseases has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of the pathogen and its populations, the epidemiological factors contributing to exacerbating the disease, the underlying mechanisms of tolerance/resistance, and the involvement of the olive-associated microbiota in the tree’s health is needed. This knowledge will be instrumental to developing more effective control measures to confront the disease in regions where the pathogen is present, or to exclude it from V. dahliae-free areas. This review compiles the most recent advances achieved to understand the olive–V. dahliae interaction as well as measures to control the disease. Aspects such as the molecular basis of the host–pathogen interaction, the identification of new biocontrol agents, the implementation of “-omics” approaches to unravel the basis of disease tolerance, and the utilization of remote sensing technology for the early detection of pathogen attacks are highlighted.

Review of Interventions Supporting Secondary Students with Intellectual Disability in General Education Classes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Kuntz ◽  
Erik W. Carter
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Education ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Placement ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Impact

Instruction and support for students with intellectual disability in general education classes should be informed by research-based interventions. In this systematic review, we examined the focus and impact of interventions delivered in inclusive classes to support middle and high school students with intellectual disability. We identified 40 intervention studies involving 177 secondary students with intellectual disability attending a range of core academic and elective classes. These multicomponent interventions fell within five primary categories: systematic instruction, peer support arrangements, self-management strategies, peer-mediated communication interventions, and educational placement changes. Although the overall focus was fairly balanced across academic, social, and behavioral outcomes, each intervention approach prioritized somewhat different dependent measures. Moreover, although the impact of the interventions on most outcomes was positive, the methodological quality of these studies was somewhat varied. We offer recommendations for future research and practice aimed at strengthening the availability and implementation of effective interventions within inclusive secondary school classes.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of poaching on metapopulation viability for data-limited species

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbey E. Camaclang ◽  
Janelle M.R. Curtis ◽  
Ilona Naujokaitis-Lewis ◽  
Mark S. Poesch ◽  
Marten A. Koops
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Barkley Sound ◽  
Spatially Explicit Population Model ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Explicit Simulation ◽  
The Impact

We developed a spatially explicit simulation model of poaching behaviour to quantify the relative influence of the intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution of poaching on metapopulation viability. We integrated our model of poaching with a stochastic, habitat-based, spatially explicit population model, applied it to examine the impact of poaching on northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) metapopulation dynamics in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, and quantified model sensitivity to input parameters. While demographic parameters remained important in predicting extinction probabilities for northern abalone, our simulations indicate that the odds of extinction are twice as high when populations are subjected to poaching. Viability was influenced by poaching variables that affect the total number of individuals removed. Of these, poaching mortality was the most influential in predicting metapopulation viability, with each 0.1 increase in mortality rate resulting in 22.6% increase in the odds of extinction. By contrast, the location and spatial correlation of events were less important predictors of viability. When data are limited, simulation models of poaching combined with sensitivity analyses can be useful in informing management strategies and future research directions.

Managing risk in mergers and acquisitions activity: beyond ‘good’ and ‘bad’ management

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alnoor Bhimani ◽  
Mthuli Ncube ◽  
Prabhu Sivabalan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to assess the impact of the presence/absence of risk management practices on the risk of merger and acquisition (M&A) failure. Design/methodology/approach – An agency theoretic perspective is adopted, along with a mixed-methods approach to study managerial complexity beyond simply “good” and “bad”. The focus is on an agency conflicts. Findings – The authors first present an integrated framework that classifies managerial behaviour and risk management, where M&A bids can become vehicles for maximising managerial benefits rather than shareholder value. The authors proceed to consider M&A activity that benefits both managers and shareholders in the presence of risk management strategies. Research limitations/implications – The paper highlights the benefits of multiple paradigms and research paths that address dimensions captured by an agency theoretic perspective. Practical implications – The authors regard this paper as having particular significance in that the global financial crisis has impacted M&A activities and objectives, shifting the employment and related risks faced by managers. Originality/value – The paper suggests future research paths to advance the understanding of the complex behaviour of managers involved in M&A activities that go beyond the classification of “good” and “bad” managers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bean Common Mosaic Disease and Associated Aphid Vector, Aphis fabae L., on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production in Lower Eastern Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ngela A. Muute ◽  
Benjamin Muli ◽  
Orek Charles
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
The Impact

Production of common bean in Kenya is constrained by pests and diseases and to improve bean yields amongst majority small-scale farmers, appropriate management strategies should be adopted. Bean common mosaic disease (BCMD) caused by bean common mosaic virus and vectored by bean aphids and infected seeds, substantially inhibit common bean production in Kenya. An extensive and diagnostic field survey was conducted in six agro ecological zones (AEZs) of lower eastern Kenya during the long and short rains of 2018 to determine BCMD incidence (BCMD-I), severity (BCMD-S), bean aphid abundance (BAA), bean aphid incidence (BAI) and the management strategies applied by farmers. Significant (P≤0.001) variations observed for these traits between bean varieties, rainy seasons and AEZs implied that farmers could select and grow a tolerant bean variety or grow a variety either in a season or an AEZ with low BCMD and bean aphid pressure. Such included AEZ-UMSA with least mean BCMD-I (42%), BCMD-S (1.9) and BAI (11%) compared to two AEZs (LHSH & LM4) that showed BCMD-I of >70%, BCMD-S >3.0 and BAI >50%. The AEZs differences could be attributed to variations in altitudes, temperature and humidity that influences vector (aphid) movement.  Of the nine  bean varieties identified during the survey, Selian 14 was the most preferred by farmers (at ~35%) with relatively lower BCMD-I (~49%) and BAI (~35%) compared to the least (<5%) farmer-preferred variety Wairimu that showed higher BCMD-I (56%) and BAI (~68%). Therefore variety Selian 14 was considered tolerant to BCMD and bean aphid. Significant (P≤0.001) and positive correlations (r = 0.67) between BAI and BCMD-I implied an effective control of bean aphids could reduce the impact of BCMD on bean production. On visual diagnostics, >75% of farmers could generally identify diseased or pest-infested bean crops and stage of growth of the crop most affected. None (0%) could however identify BCMD symptoms although ~40% identified the vector bean aphids with ~26% implementing some form of aphid or pest management strategy. On management, season-driven early planting and bean intercropping were the most applied strategies (>80%), crop rotation and weed control accounted for ~71%, certified seeds at 1% and non-chemical or pesticide applications (0%). Both low adoption of certified seeds and no chemical aphid control were attributed to high costs, despite the possibility the two factors could have contributed to higher incidences and severity of BCMD in the study area as the disease is both seed and vector-borne.  In summary, lack of knowledge and training among farmers on diagnosis and management of aphid-pests and BCMD, were cited as the main constraints for low bean cultivation. This study therefore recommends provision of adequate extension services and farmer training in lower eastern Kenya for improved bean yield and subsequent better family livelihoods and income.

scholarly journals Seed contamination in sheep: new investigations into an old problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Kelly ◽  
J. C. Quinn ◽  
P. Loukopoulos ◽  
J. C. Broster ◽  
K. Behrendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grass Weed

Seed contamination significantly affects production capacity and animal welfare in Australian sheep flocks and causes considerable financial loss to producers and processors across sheepmeat value chains. Seven grass-weed species contribute to seed contamination in Australia, with barley grass (Hordeum spp.) identified as a key perpetrator. Herbicide resistance and variable dormancy emerging in southern Australian barley grass populations are thought to enhance its capacity for successful pasture invasion, further exacerbating the potential for seed contamination in sheep. The present article reviews the current literature regarding the impact and incidence of seed contamination on sheepmeat production, with particular reference to key grass-weed species prevalence across Australia. Data are presented on a recent incidence of carcass contamination across years, where incidence varied between 11% and 80% from 2009 to 2013, contracting to between 2% and 60% during 2014 and 2015. Key areas requiring future research are defined. Understanding the biology of key grass weeds, historical influences and economic consequences associated with seed contamination in sheep may assist in defining future risks to sheep production and improve weed management. Furthermore, examining more recent data describing the current status of seed contamination across Australia and the associations with causal weed species may aid the development of critical weed-management strategies in highly infested regions, subsequently limiting the extent of future seed contamination.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Child Development: A State-of-the-Art Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8990
Author(s):  
Danielle Gallegos ◽  
Areana Eivers ◽  
Peter Sondergeld ◽  
Cassandra Pattinson
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Converging research indicates that household food insecurity impedes children from reaching their full physical, cognitive, and psychosocial potential. This state-of-the-art review examines the last decade of research to: (1) describe the impact of the severity and persistence of food insecurity on child development; (2) use a socio-ecological framework to examine significant proximal and distal factors which may interplay; and (3) outline directions for future research. We conducted a systematic review of six databases of published papers from 2011 to June 2021. The search was limited to high-income countries and children aged from birth to 12 years. From 17,457 papers, 17 studies were included in the final review. Transitioning between food security and food insecurity had a significant and lasting effect on academic/cognitive function and behavior (i.e., externalizing), however less clear relationships were seen for psychosocial outcomes and other behaviors examined (i.e., internalizing). There was significant variation in the measurement and thresholds used to define both food insecurity and child development outcomes. Subsequently, comparisons across studies are difficult. Several future recommendations, including incorporation of socio-ecological factors, is provided. In conclusion, this review supports the link between food insecurity and sub-optimal child development; however, there is an imperative to improve and extend current understanding to ameliorate the causes of food insecurity.

Towards well-being: role of diversity and nature of work

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Jaiswal ◽  
Lata Dyaram
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scholarly Attention

PurposeLiterature highlights diversity to facilitate cognitive outcomes; nevertheless, there is limited scholarly attention on affective diversity effects. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of perceived diversity on employee well-being (EWB) and contend different types of diversity to yield differential impact. Further, the authors explore how nature of employee work can moderate these relationships.Design/methodology/approachWith 311 full-time employees representing large manufacturing organizations in India, the authors test the hypothesized relationships using PROCESS macro.FindingsResults indicate perception of surface and knowledge diversity having a significant positive impact on EWB. Further, the authors found nature of employee work to moderate the link between knowledge diversity and well-being such that perception of knowledge diversity under complex tasks enhanced well-being; no impact of work complexity was observed on the link between surface diversity and well-being.Research limitations/implicationsPerceived diversity is malleable lending itself to longitudinal work in this field. Besides nature of work, future research may explore other key contextual factors in diversity dynamics.Practical implicationsContrary to the longstanding theories such as social categorization/similarity attraction, the authors found surface diversity to positively influence EWB. This indicates firms’ effective diversity management strategies in creating inclusive workplace. Further, the authors draw implications around team design and workforce composition.Originality/valueWhile the scholarly attention to perceived diversity is gradually growing, in a first, the authors empirically examine the impact of diversity perceptions on employee affect in the context of Indian manufacturing firms.

Effect of herbicide and application of superphosphate and subterranean clover seed on regeneration of vulpia in pastures

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Dowling ◽  
A. R. Leys ◽  
B. Plater
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Summary. The annual grass vulpia has become one of the main weed problems in permanent pasture and cropping areas across southern Australia. The effect of herbicides and management (application of superphosphate and subterranean clover seed) on regeneration of vulpia in pasture was evaluated over a 2 year period at 6 sites in central and southern New South Wales (Beckom, Wagga Wagga, Eugowra, Bathurst, Holbrook and Millthorpe) during 1989–91. Four herbicide strategies (nil, spraytopping with paraquat in spring 1989, winter cleaning with simazine in winter 1990, and spraytopping with paraquat in spring 1989 followed by winter cleaning with simazine in 1990) were evaluated at a low (no added superphosphate or subterranean clover seed) and high level (250 kg/ha additional superphosphate applied in autumn 1989 and again in autumn 1990, plus 10 kg/ha subterranean clover seed broadcast in 1989) of management. Herbicides decreased the incidence of vulpia (as assessed from seedling density and pasture composition measurements) at low and high levels of management, with simazine and the combined paraquat plus simazine treatment providing more effective control than paraquat. The population of vulpia, however, increased rapidly on both the simazine and paraquat treatments with time. On the paraquat plots, this resulted in a similar or greater vulpia density as the unsprayed control within 2 years of application. The higher level of management encouraged greater density of subterranean clover and nitrophilous species (e.g. barley grass where present), resulting in greater competition against vulpia, and extending the period of control conferred initially by the herbicides. Control of vulpia over the longer term will require integration of herbicides with other management strategies (e.g. superphosphate, additional seed, careful grazing management). Such an approach needs to be implemented on a more regular basis than is currently practised if the impact of vulpia in pastures is to be minimised.

Pulmonary Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-189
Author(s):  
Sachelle Ruickbie ◽  
Charles Sharp ◽  
James W. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 40 million people currently live with dementia and that this number will increase to 80 million during the next 20 year. It is therefore a global priority to identify any modifiable or treatable risk factors for the disease. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with a 5–10 percent annual conversion rate to dementia but is also considered a potentially reversible state. There is a maturing body of evidence indicating that impaired lung function and chronic lung disease are independent determinants of cognitive impairment in the elderly, including MCI, suggesting not just an association but also a possible causal relationship. People living with lung disease may well be at increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and brain pathology. Researchers face a number of complexities in studying this association. These might be usefully summarized in three ways: understanding the impact of shared etiology for both respiratory disease and cognitive impairment, understanding the relative contribution of factors more prevalent in both cognitive impairment and lung disease, and identifying effects specific to chronic lung disease. This chapter considers the evidence of cognitive dysfunction among the major pulmonary disorders and the relative contribution of shared and disease-specific factors. It also considers how recent advances in neuroimaging may provide insight into the mechanisms at play and therefore direct future therapeutic targets. Finally, it considers management strategies to reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in chronic lung disease and defines areas for future research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document