scholarly journals Biology and Management of the Carrot Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J Justus ◽  
Elizabeth Y Long
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Carrot Weevil

Abstract The carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a devastating pest of high value Apiaceous crops like carrots (Daucus carota subsp. sativusHoffm.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss), and celery (Apium graveolens L.). Although native to North America, it is a serious pest across the Eastern United States and Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. Females deposit eggs in the petiole of cultivated hosts, and upon hatching, larvae tunnel down through the petiole and into plant roots causing wilting, yellowing, and plant death. Scouting procedures focus mainly on adult activity and require detection of small egg scars on the foliage and crown of the root, or reliance on traps that are only effective at the beginning of the season before the crop emerges. Several avenues of cultural, biological, and chemical control have been explored for this pest, but with limited success. Furthermore, investigation of these management strategies have primarily focused on carrot systems, neglecting other cultivated Apiaceae. Here we present a review of carrot weevil research and highlight key knowledge gaps in the carrot weevil system, which impede our understanding of this insect’s biology and behavioral ecology. Future research addressing these key knowledge gaps will expand our understanding of this pest and contribute to the development and implementation of more effective management strategies.

scholarly journals Developing Insect Pest Management Systems for Hemp in the United States: A Work in Progress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Cranshaw ◽  
Melissa Schreiner ◽  
Kadie Britt ◽  
Thomas P Kuhar ◽  
John McPartland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Flower Buds

Abstract Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is now being grown within the United States over a much broader geographic area and for different uses than during its last period of significant production that ended after World War II. Within the past 3 yr, a large number of arthropod species have been documented to feed on hemp in the United States. Among key pest species, corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has demonstrated greatest potential for crop injury, being particularly damaging to flower buds. Hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola (Farkas), and cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, are the two species observed most damaging among those that suck plant fluids. Eurasian hemp borer, Grapholita delineana Walker, is widely present east of the Rocky Mountains and appears to have potential to significantly damage both flower buds and developing seeds. Numerous species of caterpillars, grasshoppers, and beetles chew hemp foliage; the severity of these defoliation injuries appears to be minimal, but needs further study. Similarly, numerous seed feeding hemipterans, most notably stink bugs and Lygus bugs, are regularly found in the crop but injury potential remains unclear. Some preliminary efforts have been made to develop integrated pest management strategies for these insects, particularly for corn earworm. Future research can be expected to rapidly resolve many of the data gaps that presently restrict advancing pest management on the crop. However, a major confounding issue involves the use of pesticides on hemp. Federal agencies have not yet provided clear direction on this issue, and regulatory decisions have subsequently devolved to the states.

ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Management in the United States: Data from the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Registry

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.201330
Author(s):  
Zachary S. Wallace ◽  
Huifeng Yun ◽  
Jeffrey R. Curtis ◽  
Lang Chen ◽  
John H. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Informatics System ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

Objective ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) management has evolved substantially over the last two decades. We sought to characterize AAV treatment patterns in the United States. Methods We identified AAV patients in the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) registry who had at least two rheumatology clinician visits between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2017. Demographics, medications, laboratory test results, and billing codes were extracted from the medical record. Demographic and prescription trends were assessed overall and across US regions. Results We identified 1,462 AAV patients, 259 (18%) with new or relapsing AAV. The majority were classified as having granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, 75%). The mean age was 59.8 years and 59% were female. The majority of patients were in the South (45%) followed by the Mid-West (32%), West (12%), and Northeast (8%). Patients had a median of 3 visits and follow-up of 579 days. The most commonly prescribed medications during the study period were glucocorticoids (86%) followed by rituximab (45%), methotrexate (33%), azathioprine (32%) and mycophenolate mofetil (18%); cyclophosphamide was rarely used (97, 7%). At the most recent visits in RISE, 47% of patients were on glucocorticoids. Prescription trends were similar across regions. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the demographics and management of AAV by rheumatologists outside of major referral centers. Management strategies vary widely but cyclophosphamide is rarely used. These observations can be used to inform future research priorities. Additional studies are needed to characterize AAV severity in RISE and patient and provider treatment preferences.

Babesiosis of cattle

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S247-S269 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BOCK ◽  
L. JACKSON ◽  
A. DE VOS ◽  
W. JORGENSEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Control Programmes

Tick fever or cattle fever (babesiosis) is economically the most important arthropod-borne disease of cattle worldwide with vast areas of Australia, Africa, South and Central America and the United States continuously under threat. Tick fever was the first disease for which transmission by an arthropod to a mammal was implicated at the turn of the twentieth century and is the first disease to be eradicated from a continent (North America). This review describes the biology ofBabesiaspp. in the host and the tick, the scale of the problem to the cattle industry, the various components of control programmes, epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunity, vaccination and future research. The emphasis is onBabesia bovisandBabesia bigemina.

scholarly journals Oral histories of Exum Mountain Guides who began guiding between 1947 and 1965

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Kimberly E. Giel ◽  
Yolonda Youngs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Office Staff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive History ◽  
Over Time

Exum Mountain Guides is the oldest climbing guide service in North America. Exum guides have been integral to the growth of guiding as a profession as well as mountaineering in Grand Teton National Park, across the United States, and internationally. However, no comprehensive history of the guides and the guide service exists, nor have individual stories been consistently captured. This project conducted oral histories with guides, clients, and staff of Exum Mountain Guides, and then used those interviews to look at the pathways taken to become a guide, common experiences and characteristics between the guides, and what guiding life was like for those guides who began guiding prior to 1965. Future research is needed to collect additional oral histories and analyze the histories of guides who began guiding after 1965, as well as those of office staff, clients, and others and investigate changes that have occurred over time.   Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.

Studying Religions with the Iron Curtain Closed and Open

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Alles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Scientific Atheism

Abstract This essay reflects especially on the insights that the volume under discussion offers to someone who grew up in the United States during the 1960s and for whom the region behind the Iron Curtain was largely unfamiliar territory. It notes the overarching political frame of the volume, both geographically—the study of religions in various nations—and chronologically—the study of religions in the pre-Communist, Communist, and post-Communist periods. It comments on the different political role that the study of religions played in Eastern Europe, where it contributed to movements of liberation, as distinct from the role it played in Western Europe and North America, where it was often the servant of colonialism. It also suggests that the volume leaves open for future research various questions about the enterprise of scientific atheism during the Communist period and its relation to the study of religions on both sides of the former Iron Curtain today.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of Graduate Student Unions in Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah M. Zinni ◽  
Parbudyal Singh ◽  
Anne F. MacLennan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Union Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Time ◽  
Historical Origins

Graduate student unions are beginning to attract attention in Canada and the United States. In Canada, unionization on campuses is especially important for organized labour, as union density has dropped below 30 percent for the first time in five decades. Graduate student unionization is also important in the wider context of precarious employment in North America. Despite the decline in overall union density, graduate student unions have continued to grow in the past decade. However, there is a paucity of scholarly research in this area. In this article, we trace the historical origins of graduate student unions in Canada, discuss relevant legal concerns, analyze pertinent collective bargaining and strike issues, and suggest avenues for future research.

scholarly journals First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe heraclei on Celery in North America

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Koike ◽  
G. S. Saenz
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
The United States ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Celery Seed ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Former Ussr

Since 1994, a fungal disease has been affecting celery (Apium graveolens) grown for seed in the central coast region of California. White, ectophytic mycelia and conidia, characteristic of a powdery mildew, were present on compound umbels, including the involucre, rays, raylets, flowers, and fruits. Celery with powdery mildew had twisted flower petals, and the disease possibly contributed to premature senescence and drying of the fruits. Powdery mildew was not observed on leaves. Mycelial growth was effused and amphigenous and had lobed appressoria. Conidiophores were straight, and cylindrical foot cells were followed by a longer cell and one or two shorter cells. Conidia were produced singly and were 36 to 44 × 11 to 16 μm. Fibrosin bodies were not observed. Germ tubes were located at the ends of conidia and formed lobed appressoria. Cleistothecia were not present. Based on these characteristics, the fungus was identified as Erysiphe heraclei (1). In California, parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a host of E. heraclei (4), and parsley is grown in the same region as celery seed crops. To determine if parsley was an alternative host of the celery powdery mildew, infected celery umbels were gently pressed onto adaxial surfaces of leaves on 2-month-old greenhouse grown parsley cvs. Italian Plain and Triple Curled. Inoculated plants were incubated 48 h in a moist chamber at 22°C, then transferrred to a greenhouse at 22 ± 2°C / 16 ± 2°C day/night temperatures, 75% relative humidity, and natural light. After 12 to 14 days, powdery mildew was observed on both parsley cultivars. Uninoculated control plants did not develop the disease. This is the first report of powdery mildew on celery in North America. Previous reports list E. heraclei on celery in Chile, the former Czechoslovakia, France, Iraq, Italy, and the former USSR (Georgia region). In the U.S., E. heraclei is reported on carrot (Daucus carota) (2), parsley (4), meadow parsnip (Zizia aptera and Z. aurea) (3), and now celery. References: (1) H. J. Boesewinkel. Bot. Rev. 46:167, 1980. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (3) K. A. Hirata. Host Range and Geographic Distribution of the Powdery Mildew Fungi. Jpn. Scientif. Soc. Press, Tokyo. (4) S. T. Koike and G. S. Saenz. Plant Dis. 78:1219, 1994.

Magic and Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Sabina Magliocco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Spirit World

This essay introduces a special issue of Nova Religio on magic and politics in the United States in the aftermath of the 2016 presidential election. The articles in this issue address a gap in the literature examining intersections of religion, magic, and politics in contemporary North America. They approach political magic as an essentially religious phenomenon, in that it deals with the spirit world and attempts to motivate human behavior through the use of symbols. Covering a range of practices from the far right to the far left, the articles argue against prevailing scholarly treatments of the use of esoteric technologies as a predominantly right-wing phenomenon, showing how they have also been operationalized by the left in recent history. They showcase the creativity of magic as a form of human cultural expression, and demonstrate how magic coexists with rationality in contemporary western settings.

Pentecostalism and African diaspora : a case study of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Rotimi Williams Omotoye
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Church Of God ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

Pentecostalism as a new wave of Christianity became more pronounced in 1970's and beyond in Nigeria. Since then scholars of Religion, History, Sociology and Political Science have shown keen interest in the study of the Churches known as Pentecostals because of the impact they have made on the society. The Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG) was established by Pastor Josiah Akindayomi in Lagos,Nigeria in 1952. After his demise, he was succeeded by Pastor Adeboye Adejare Enock. The problem of study of this research was an examination of the expansion of the Redeemed Christian Church of God to North America, Caribbean and Canada. The missionary activities of the church could be regarded as a reversed mission in the propagation of Christianity by Africans in the Diaspora. The methodology adopted was historical. The primary and secondary sources of information were also germane in the research. The findings of the research indicated that the Redeemed Christian Church of God was founded in North America by Immigrants from Nigeria. Pastor Adeboye Enock Adejare had much influence on the Church within and outside the country because of his charisma. The Church has become a place of refuge for many immigrants. They are also contributing to the economy of the United States of America. However, the members of the Church were faced with some challenges, such as security scrutiny by the security agencies. In conclusion, the RCCGNA was a denomination that had been accepted and embraced by Nigerians and African immigrants in the United States of America.

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