The Influence of Dietary Protein Concentration and Energy Intake on Mitogen Response and Tumor Growth in Melanoma-Bearing Mice

1979 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent L. Erickson ◽  
M. Eric Gershwin ◽  
Nancy L. Canolty ◽  
David D. Eckels
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Mitogen Response

The effect of variation in dietary protein concentration and energy intake on mineral accretion in early-weaned lambs

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Davidson ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Mineral Analyses

SUMMARYMineral analyses for calcium and phosphorus were carried out on lambs which had been fed diets contrasting in protein or energy or calcium concentration and had been slaughtered at defined live weights. Despite considerable variation in rates of growth arising from the widely different nutritional programmes, the mineral content of these lambs at a given weight remained remarkably stable on practical diets.

Liver weight and its N and vitamin A contents in piglets from sows fed two levels of protein and food

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
K. L. Wolf ◽  
J. Wilkinson ◽  
L. G. Chubb
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Liver Vitamin

SUMMARYGestating female pigs received either a low or a high intake per day of diets containing either a low or high protein concentration. A change in the composition of both diets occurred after 2 years, when the protein quality of the high protein diet was improved and the energy content of both diets was increased. Vitamin A determinations were carried out on 245 piglet livers and 32 pairs of kidneys and lungs at birth from 47 sows. The livers, kidneys and lungs of 16 sows were also analysed for vitamin A after approximately 4 years on experiment. Vitamin A was detected at birth with antimony trichloride in the liver of the piglet, but not in the kidney or lung. The sow's kidney was found to contain only small amounts and lung tissue only traces.A dietary vitamin A level of 4800 i.u./kg during the breeding life of healthy sows, or 8600 i.u./day during gestation, was adequate from the point of view of both a constant storage in piglet livers at birth over eight to ten parities and a relatively high concentration remaining in sow livers after that period. This conclusion is in line with recommendations of the Agricultural Research Council (1966).As a consequence of differences in both the condition of the sows and in their responses in the two periods, the results for each period are presented separately. In the first 2-year period, when the sows received a relatively low intake of dietary protein during gestation (between 248 and 317 g protein/sow/day), and a low energy intake; that is, when protein was used for energy production, the liver vitamin A storage of the piglet at birth was increased by raising either the daily protein intake during gestation to 352 g, or the food intake from 1·8 to 2·3 kg/sow/day. Liver vitamin A and N concentrations were negatively correlated with liver weight, but increasing dietary protein concentration raised liver weight and its vitamin A content. Liver vitamin A per piglet was not affected by litter size.A conclusion may not be drawn concerning the contribution of dietary energy to the differences in response between periods, because in addition to dietary changes other differences occurred between periods. Nevertheless, in the second 2-year period, when energy intake during gestation was adequate for normal growth and development, a difference of 150 g in protein intake/sow/day (363 g against 208 g) had no effect on liver weight or its vitamin A content. Furthermore, there was no significant treatment effect on total protein or albumin concentrations in the serum of the sow.

Body composition studies with the milk-fed lamb. III. The effect of the protein and energy intake on the composition of the live-weight gain

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Norton ◽  
K. T. Jagusch ◽  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Live Weight Gain

SUMMARYNineteen male cross-bred lambs, aged between 2 and 5 days, were allotted to each of three dietary treatments. The protein contents of the diets (on a dry-matter basis) were 12·0% (diet A), 28·5% (diet B) and 45·5% (diet C). The energy intakes of groups of lambs within each dietary treatment varied from below maintenance to ad lib.The experimental period was of 3 weeks and the composition of the live-weight gain was estimated by the comparative slaughter method.Body composition within each dietary treatment was highly correlated with empty body weight, but not with the previous energy intake. The fat content of the gain decreased, and the water and protein contents increased, as the dietary-protein concentration increased.When compared at the same empty body weight, the protein content of the fat-free body of lambs given diet C was significantly higher than that of lambs given diet A. This effect of dietary-protein concentration could not be explained by differences in the amounts of protein stored as wool.

scholarly journals Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

Dietary Protein Requirements of Fishes — A Reassessment

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1995-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Fish Physiology ◽  
Protein Retention

It is widely believed that fishes require more dietary protein than other vertebrates. Many aspects of fish physiology, nutrition, and trophic ecology have been interpreted within the context of this high protein requirement. Here, fishes are compared with terrestrial homeotherms in terms of (1) protein requirement for maintenance, (2) relative protein concentration in the diet required for maximum growth rate, (3) protein intake rate required for maximum growth rate, (4) efficiency of protein retention in growth, and (5) weight of growth achieved per weight of protein ingested. The two animal groups compared differ only in relative protein concentration in the diet required for maximum growth rate. This difference is explained in terms of homeotherms' greater requirement for energy and does not reflect absolute differences in protein requirement. The remaining measures of protein requirement suggest that fishes and terrestrial homeotherms are remarkably similar in their use of protein as a nutritional resource. Reinterpretation of the role of protein in fish physiology, nutrition, and trophic ecology is perhaps in order.

PP045-SUN: Effects of Dietary Protein on Energy Intake and Gastric Emptying in Healthy Older Compared to Young Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S35-S36
Author(s):  
S. Soenen ◽  
C. Giezenaar ◽  
L. Trahair ◽  
R. Tippett ◽  
A. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Young Men

Abstract P100: Dietary Protein Intake and Chronic Kidney Disease in American Population with Hypertension and Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Liern Hong ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Charles Poole
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽  
Renal Disease Progression

Background: Dietary protein intake has been associated with renal disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Little is known about the renal impact of protein intake in persons with hypertension or diabetes who are at high risk for CKD. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate protein intake in relation to CKD in a representative sample of US adults, stratified by hypertension and diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the US NHANES 2003-2008. Subjects were excluded if they were pregnant, with known weak kidney, or following on special diet. There were 9,284 eligible participants age 20-80 with data from two 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires. Protein intake was adjusted for energy intake and categorized into four evenly spaced groups. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60mL/min/1.73m 2 . Logistical regression model was used to estimate the prevalence odds ratio (POR). Analyses were further stratified by hypertension and diabetes. Results: The median protein intake was 77 g/day (interquartile range, 66 to 89 g/day) in the study population, and was 59, 72, 83, and 100 g/day for the lowest to the highest quarter of protein intake, respectively. The prevalence of CKD was 4%. For a 25-g increase in protein intake, the POR was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.93 to 1.50), adjusting for age, sex, race, income adequacy, education level, energy intake, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. The adjusted POR comparing the highest and the lowest quarter of protein intake was 1.12 (95%CI: 0.73 to 1.72). The stratified analysis showed the highest quarter is associated with CKD among persons with both hypertension and diabetes ( Table ). No association was found in persons with hypertension only, diabetes only, or neither. Conclusion: We observed a positive association between protein intake and CKD among American adults with both hypertension and diabetes. This finding adds to the concern of dietary protein intake in persons at high-risk for CKD. Table. Adjusted POR of CKD comparing the highest and the lowest quarter of protein intake. Disease Status Hypertension - + Diabetes - 1.05 (0.45 - 2.45) 0.80 (0.44 - 1.47) + 4.63 (0.33 - 65.70) 3.04 (1.13 - 8.19)

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