scholarly journals Fiber Intake Predicts Weight Loss and Dietary Adherence in Adults Consuming Calorie-Restricted Diets: The POUNDS Lost (Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies) Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 1742-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek C Miketinas ◽  
George A Bray ◽  
Robbie A Beyl ◽  
Donna H Ryan ◽  
Frank M Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Adherence ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Dietary Strategies

ABSTRACT Background The effects of dietary composition on weight loss are incompletely understood. In addition to energy intake, fiber intake, energy density, macronutrient composition, and demographic characteristics have all been suggested to contribute to weight loss. Objective The primary aim of this analysis was to assess the role of dietary fiber as a predictor of weight loss in participants who consumed calorie-restricted diets (−750 kcal/d from estimated energy needs) for 6 mo, using data from the POUNDS Lost (Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies) Study—a randomized trial that examined the effects of calorie-restricted diets varying in macronutrient composition on weight loss in adults. Methods Data were randomly partitioned to a training data set (70%) in which the effects of fiber and other weight-loss predictors were identified using adjusted Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and model averaging. The retained predictors were then fit on the testing data set to assess predictive performance. Results Three hundred and forty-five participants (53.9% female) provided dietary records at baseline and 6 mo. Mean ± SD age and BMI for the full sample was 52.5 ± 8.7 y and 32.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2, respectively. Mean ± SD (99% CI) weight change at 6 mo for the full sample was −7.27 ± 5.6 kg (−8.05, −6.48 kg). The final, best fit model (R2 = 0.41) included fiber, energy density, fat, age, adherence, baseline weight, race, and changes from baseline in carbohydrate, fiber, PUFA, and MUFA intake, but the most influential predictor was fiber intake ($\hat{\beta }$ = −0.37; P < 0.0001). In addition, fiber was strongly associated with adherence to the macronutrient prescriptions (P < 0.0001). Interactions between race and adherence, age, baseline weight, carbohydrate, energy density, and MUFAs were also retained in the final model. Conclusion Dietary fiber intake, independently of macronutrient and caloric intake, promotes weight loss and dietary adherence in adults with overweight or obesity consuming a calorie-restricted diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.

scholarly journals Weight loss, adherence, and dietary intakes of free-living adults consuming calorie-restricted diets varying in macronutrient composition: the POUNDS LOST Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Champagne ◽  
Derek Miketinas ◽  
Frank Sacks ◽  
George Bray
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Adherence ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Diet Type

AbstractVarious diets have been examined as potential weight-loss treatment for individuals with overweight and obesity. POUNDS LOST was a 2-year randomized clinical trial examining effects of four calorie-restricted diets of varying macronutrient composition on weight loss in free-living adults with obesity. The main results demonstrated that reducing calories, regardless of macronutrient content, can reduce body weight. Participants were randomized to receive one of four diets: 1) 20% fat, 15% protein; 2)20% fat, 25% protein; 3) 40% fat, 15% protein; and 4) 40% fat, 25% protein. Eight hundred eleven (811) subjects participated in the trial and weight loss, as expected, varied considerably. Three hundred forty-five participants (54.8% female; 86.5% Caucasian, 12.4% African American, and 1.1% other) provided baseline and 6-month follow-up dietary data. Dietary adherence was defined as consuming within + 5% of the target macronutrient composition for fat and protein. Stepwise regression and cross-validation techniques were used to model weight loss as a function of the following predictors: age, dietary adherence, energy density change, and fiber intake. Additionally, we explored whether all four diet types were healthy using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (USDA). At 6 months, participants assigned to each diet had lost an average of 6 kg. Mean weight loss among adherers however was -8.4 + 5.0 kg and also did not vary across diet-type. Change in energy density was positively associated with weight change while age, dietary adherence, and fiber intake were inversely associated with weight change. Fiber intake was the strongest predictor of weight change; on average, a 10 g increase in fiber intake was associated with 2.2 kg decrease in body weight after 6 months of the dietary intervention. Only 46 (13.3%) of the 345 participants who provided follow-up data (61% male, 93% Caucasian) met the criteria for adherence to both energy (± 10% of target) and macronutrient targets. A decrease in energy density was positively associated with weight change for each diet-type; however, this effect was most profound in the high-fat, average-protein diet. Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores for the diets consumed by the subjects were: LF/AP, 74.8 ± 9.7; LF/HP, 73.8 ± 12.4; HF/AP, 73.4 ± 13.0; and HF/HP, 74.2 ± 9.8, which exceeds the scores of most Americans. These results suggest that dietary factors may positively influence weight loss in addition to energy intake and macronutrient composition. Furthermore, modified macronutrient, calorie-reduced diets can indeed be healthy compared to current dietary habits of US adults.

Genetically determined SCFA concentration modifies the association of dietary fiber intake with changes in bone mineral density during weight loss: The Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
Meryl S LeBoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Strategies

ABSTRACT Background SCFAs are involved in regulation of body weight and bone health. Objectives We aimed to examine whether genetic variations related to butyrate modified the relation between dietary fiber intake and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in response to weight-loss dietary interventions. Methods In the 2-y Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies trial, 424 participants with BMD measured by DXA scan were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient intakes. A polygenic score (PGS) was calculated based on 7 genetic variants related to the production of butyrate for 370 of the 424 participants. Results SCFA PGS significantly modified the association between baseline dietary fiber intake and sex on 2-y changes in whole-body BMD (P-interaction = 0.049 and 0.008). In participants with the highest tertile of SCFA PGS, higher dietary fiber intake was related to a greater increase in BMD (β:  0.0022; 95% CI: 0.0009, 0.0035; P = 0.002), whereas no such association was found for participants in the lower tertiles. In the lowest tertiles of SCFA PGS, men showed a significant increase in whole-body BMD (β: 0.0280; 95% CI: 0.0112, 0.0447; P = 0.002) compared with women. In the highest tertile, no significant difference was found for the change in BMD between men and women. Conclusions Our data indicate that genetic variants related to butyrate modify the relations of dietary fiber intake and sex with long-term changes in BMD in response to weight-loss diet interventions.

scholarly journals Dietary Adherence and Satisfaction with a Bean-Based High-Fiber Weight Loss Diet: A Pilot Study

ISRN Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonya F. Turner ◽  
Laura M. Nance ◽  
William D. Strickland ◽  
Robert J. Malcolm ◽  
Susan Pechon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Nutritional Effects

Objective. Dietary fiber can reduce hunger and enhance satiety, but fiber intake during hypocaloric weight loss diets typically falls short of recommended levels. We examined the nutritional effects and acceptability of two high-fiber hypocaloric diets differing in sources of fiber: (a) beans or (b) fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Methods. Subjects were 2 men, 18 women, mean age = 46.9, and mean BMI = 30.6. Subjects completed 3-day food diaries in each of the two baseline weeks. Subjects were then randomized to four weeks on one of two 1400-calorie diets including 25–35 g fiber primarily from 1.5 cups beans/day or from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Recommended fiber-rich foods were provided. Subjects kept weekly 3-day food diaries and were assessed weekly. Results. Diet conditions did not differ on outcome measures. Both diets increased fiber intake from 16.6 g/day (SD = 7.1) at baseline to (treatment average) 28.4 g/day (SD = 6.5) (). Fiber intake was consistent over treatment. Caloric intake dropped from 1623.1 kcal/day (SD = 466.9) (baseline) to 1322.2 kcal/day (SD = 275.8) (). Mean weight loss was 1.4 kg (SD = 1.5; ). Energy density and self-reported hunger decreased (’s < 0.01) while self-reported fullness increased (). Both diets were rated as potentially acceptable as long as six months. Conclusions. Both diets significantly increased fiber intake by 75%, increased satiation, and reduced hunger. Results support increasing fiber in weight loss diets with a variety of fiber sources.

scholarly journals Changes in Quantity and Sources of Dietary Fiber from Adopting Healthy Low-Fat vs. Healthy Low-Carb Weight Loss Diets: Secondary Analysis of DIETFITS Weight Loss Diet Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3625
Author(s):  
Lisa C. Offringa ◽  
Jennifer C. Hartle ◽  
Joseph Rigdon ◽  
Christopher D. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Weight Loss Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Diet Study

The daily intake of dietary fiber is well below the recommended levels in the US. The effect of adopting a low-fat vs. a low-carbohydrate weight loss diet on fiber intake is of interest but not well-documented, especially when both approaches promote high-quality food choices. The objective of this paper is to compare the quantity and sources of dietary fiber between a healthy low-fat (HLF) vs. healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet group when consumed over 12 months in a weight loss diet study. In this secondary analysis of the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study, the amount and sources of dietary fiber were examined in generally healthy adults, 18–50 years of age, Body Mass Index (BMI) 28–40 kg/m2, randomized to HLF or HLC for 12 months, who had available 24-h recalls at 0 (n = 609), 3 (n = 549), 6 (n = 491), and 12 (n = 449) months. The dietary intake was estimated by the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R). The sources of fiber were determined for the major food groups. Significantly more total dietary fiber was consumed by HLF at every post-randomization time point, and, at 12 m, was 23.04 ± 9.43 g vs. 18.61 ± 8.12 g for HLF vs. HLC, respectively, p < 0.0001. In both diet groups at 12 months, the highest amount of dietary fiber came from non-starchy vegetables (4.13 ± 3.05 g and 5.13 ± 3.59 g). The other primary sources of fiber at 12 months for the HLF group were from whole grains (3.90 ± 3.13 g) and fruits (3.40 ± 2.87 g), and, for the HLC group, were from plant protein and fat sources, such as nuts and seeds, their butters, and avocados (2.64 ± 2.64 g). In the DIETFITS study, the difference in the total fiber intake for the HLF vs. HLC groups was more modest than expected. The HLC group consumed reasonably high amounts of fiber from high-protein and high fat plant-based sources.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of different dietary strategies in the management of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. e253
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jamka ◽  
Maria Wasiewicz-Gajdzis ◽  
Jarosław Walkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Dietary Adherence ◽  
Central European ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Dietary Strategies

The prevalence of obesity has been increasing worldwide; however, the optimal dietary strategy for improving anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters remains unknown. This review discusses the effectiveness of popular diets in the management of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. The differences among popular diets are small and associated with dietary adherence and caloric intake. The Mediterranean diet is most effective in facilitating weight loss and improving cardiometabolic parameters, although the Central European diet seems to be a good alternative.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber Intake Modulates the Association Between Variants in TCF7L2 and Weight Loss During a Lifestyle Intervention

Diabetes Care ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. e24-e24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Heni ◽  
S. Herzberg-Schafer ◽  
F. Machicao ◽  
H.-U. Haring ◽  
A. Fritsche
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake

scholarly journals Those Who Consume Diets Meeting the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Carbohydrate Are More Likely to Meet Dietary Fiber Recommendations: The POUNDS LOST Study (P08-085-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Miketinas ◽  
George Bray ◽  
Frank Sacks ◽  
Catherine Champagne
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
P Value ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives This study tested whether dietary carbohydrate intake influenced subjects’ ability to meet dietary fiber goals. Methods The POUNDS LOST study was a randomized clinical trial that examined the effects of four, calorie-restricted diets of varying macronutrient composition on weight loss in subjects with overweight or obesity. The macronutrient composition of the diets were either low or high fat (LF 20%; HF, 40%) and either average or high protein (AP, 15%; HP, 25%). This provided a graded carbohydrate intake of 35%, 45%, 55% or 65%. Energy content of each diet was 750 kcal below energy needs and each diet provided ≥20 g/d of dietary fiber. Participants (n = 345) who provided complete dietary recalls at baseline and 6-month follow-up were included in the analyses. The dietary fiber goal was defined as ≥20 g/d. Logistic regression analysis modeled the odds of meeting the dietary fiber goal and Adequate Intake (AI) for dietary fiber as a function of diet prescription while controlling for age, race, gender, and energy intake. A p-value of < 0.01 was statistically significant. Results Participants were 86.5% white and 43.9% female. Mean age was 52.7 + 8.7y. One hundred sixty-eight (48.7%) subjects met their dietary fiber goals and 146 (42.3%) met the AI for fiber at 6 months. The results from the logistic regression indicated the odds of a subject meeting their dietary fiber goals were 4.9 times greater (P < 0.0001) for the high carbohydrate (65%) diet compared to the 35% carbohydrate diet. Similarly, the odds of a subject meeting the AI for dietary fiber were 5.3 times greater (P < 0.0001) for the 65% carbohydrate diet compared to the 35% carbohydrate diet. Those randomized to either the 45% or 55% carbohydrate diets also had greater odds of meeting dietary fiber goals and the AI for dietary fiber compared to the 35% carbohydrate diet (P < 0.01). Conclusions Calorie-restricted diets are an effective approach for weight loss; however, diets should be designed to minimize the risk for inadequate nutrient intake. These results indicate that those who consumed a diet lower in carbohydrates are at an increased risk for not meeting the AI for fiber, which could lead to adverse health outcomes. Funding Sources Funded by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL073286) and the General Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health (RR-02635).

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