scholarly journals Dietary Adherence and Satisfaction with a Bean-Based High-Fiber Weight Loss Diet: A Pilot Study

ISRN Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonya F. Turner ◽  
Laura M. Nance ◽  
William D. Strickland ◽  
Robert J. Malcolm ◽  
Susan Pechon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Nutritional Effects

Objective. Dietary fiber can reduce hunger and enhance satiety, but fiber intake during hypocaloric weight loss diets typically falls short of recommended levels. We examined the nutritional effects and acceptability of two high-fiber hypocaloric diets differing in sources of fiber: (a) beans or (b) fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Methods. Subjects were 2 men, 18 women, mean age = 46.9, and mean BMI = 30.6. Subjects completed 3-day food diaries in each of the two baseline weeks. Subjects were then randomized to four weeks on one of two 1400-calorie diets including 25–35 g fiber primarily from 1.5 cups beans/day or from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Recommended fiber-rich foods were provided. Subjects kept weekly 3-day food diaries and were assessed weekly. Results. Diet conditions did not differ on outcome measures. Both diets increased fiber intake from 16.6 g/day (SD = 7.1) at baseline to (treatment average) 28.4 g/day (SD = 6.5) (). Fiber intake was consistent over treatment. Caloric intake dropped from 1623.1 kcal/day (SD = 466.9) (baseline) to 1322.2 kcal/day (SD = 275.8) (). Mean weight loss was 1.4 kg (SD = 1.5; ). Energy density and self-reported hunger decreased (’s < 0.01) while self-reported fullness increased (). Both diets were rated as potentially acceptable as long as six months. Conclusions. Both diets significantly increased fiber intake by 75%, increased satiation, and reduced hunger. Results support increasing fiber in weight loss diets with a variety of fiber sources.

scholarly journals Fiber Intake Predicts Weight Loss and Dietary Adherence in Adults Consuming Calorie-Restricted Diets: The POUNDS Lost (Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies) Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 1742-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek C Miketinas ◽  
George A Bray ◽  
Robbie A Beyl ◽  
Donna H Ryan ◽  
Frank M Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Adherence ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Dietary Strategies

ABSTRACT Background The effects of dietary composition on weight loss are incompletely understood. In addition to energy intake, fiber intake, energy density, macronutrient composition, and demographic characteristics have all been suggested to contribute to weight loss. Objective The primary aim of this analysis was to assess the role of dietary fiber as a predictor of weight loss in participants who consumed calorie-restricted diets (−750 kcal/d from estimated energy needs) for 6 mo, using data from the POUNDS Lost (Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies) Study—a randomized trial that examined the effects of calorie-restricted diets varying in macronutrient composition on weight loss in adults. Methods Data were randomly partitioned to a training data set (70%) in which the effects of fiber and other weight-loss predictors were identified using adjusted Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and model averaging. The retained predictors were then fit on the testing data set to assess predictive performance. Results Three hundred and forty-five participants (53.9% female) provided dietary records at baseline and 6 mo. Mean ± SD age and BMI for the full sample was 52.5 ± 8.7 y and 32.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2, respectively. Mean ± SD (99% CI) weight change at 6 mo for the full sample was −7.27 ± 5.6 kg (−8.05, −6.48 kg). The final, best fit model (R2 = 0.41) included fiber, energy density, fat, age, adherence, baseline weight, race, and changes from baseline in carbohydrate, fiber, PUFA, and MUFA intake, but the most influential predictor was fiber intake ($\hat{\beta }$ = −0.37; P < 0.0001). In addition, fiber was strongly associated with adherence to the macronutrient prescriptions (P < 0.0001). Interactions between race and adherence, age, baseline weight, carbohydrate, energy density, and MUFAs were also retained in the final model. Conclusion Dietary fiber intake, independently of macronutrient and caloric intake, promotes weight loss and dietary adherence in adults with overweight or obesity consuming a calorie-restricted diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.

scholarly journals High-Fiber Diet during Pregnancy Characterized by More Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rachelle A. Pretorius ◽  
Debra J. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
High Fiber

Higher dietary fiber intakes during pregnancy may have the potential health benefits of increasing gut microbiome diversity, lowering the risk of glucose intolerance and pre-eclampsia, achieving appropriate gestational weight gain, and preventing constipation. In this observational cohort study, we have assessed the dietary fiber intakes of 804 women in late pregnancy, using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Overall, the median (interquartile range) dietary fiber intake was 24.1 (19.0–29.7) grams per day (g/day). Only 237/804 (29.5%) women met the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) of dietary fiber during pregnancy of 28 g/day. Women consuming the highest quartile of fiber intakes (34.8 (IQR 32.1–39.5) g/day) consumed more fruit, especially apples and bananas, than women consuming the lowest quartile of fiber intakes (15.9 (IQR 14.4–17.5) g/day). These women in the highest fiber-intake quartile were older (p < 0.01), more had completed further education after secondary school (p = 0.04), and they also consumed more vegetables (67 g/day) compared to the women in the lowest fiber consumption quartile (17 g vegetables/day). Bread intakes of 39–42 g/day were consistent in quantities consumed across all four fiber-intake quartiles. Our findings suggest that antenatal education advice targeting increased fruit and vegetable consumption before and during pregnancy may be a simple strategy to achieve increased total dietary fiber intakes to reach recommended quantities.

Genetically determined SCFA concentration modifies the association of dietary fiber intake with changes in bone mineral density during weight loss: The Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
Meryl S LeBoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Strategies

ABSTRACT Background SCFAs are involved in regulation of body weight and bone health. Objectives We aimed to examine whether genetic variations related to butyrate modified the relation between dietary fiber intake and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in response to weight-loss dietary interventions. Methods In the 2-y Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies trial, 424 participants with BMD measured by DXA scan were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient intakes. A polygenic score (PGS) was calculated based on 7 genetic variants related to the production of butyrate for 370 of the 424 participants. Results SCFA PGS significantly modified the association between baseline dietary fiber intake and sex on 2-y changes in whole-body BMD (P-interaction = 0.049 and 0.008). In participants with the highest tertile of SCFA PGS, higher dietary fiber intake was related to a greater increase in BMD (β:  0.0022; 95% CI: 0.0009, 0.0035; P = 0.002), whereas no such association was found for participants in the lower tertiles. In the lowest tertiles of SCFA PGS, men showed a significant increase in whole-body BMD (β: 0.0280; 95% CI: 0.0112, 0.0447; P = 0.002) compared with women. In the highest tertile, no significant difference was found for the change in BMD between men and women. Conclusions Our data indicate that genetic variants related to butyrate modify the relations of dietary fiber intake and sex with long-term changes in BMD in response to weight-loss diet interventions.

scholarly journals Nutrient intakes and sources of fiber among children with low and high dietary fiber intake: the 2016 feeding infants and toddlers study (FITS), a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Finn ◽  
Emma Jacquier ◽  
Brian Kineman ◽  
Heidi Storm ◽  
Ryan Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake

Abstract Background Increasing dietary fiber intake in children may improve overall diet quality. The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and sources of fiber between young children with low and high fiber intakes utilizing data from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. Methods The FITS 2016 was a nationwide, cross sectional survey of caregivers designed to assess food and nutrient intakes, feeding behaviors, and dietary patterns among infants and young children living in the U.S. Energy adjusted macro and micronutrient intakes (nutrients/1000 kcals) of children with energy adjusted fiber intakes (g/1000 kcals) in the highest quartile were compared to those in the lowest quartile with paired t-tests. Sources of fiber for each quartile were ranked according to percent of total fiber intake. Results Children with fiber intakes in the highest quartile had significantly lower intakes of total fat (mean difference ranged from 7.4–9.6 g, p < 0.0005) and saturated fat (mean difference ranged from 4 to 5.8 g, p < 0.0005), and significantly higher intakes of vitamin B-6 (mean difference ranged from 0.3–0.4 mg, p < 0.0005), magnesium (mean difference ranged from 57.2–61.8 mg, p < 0.0005), iron (mean difference ranged from 2.2–3.7 mg, p < 0.0005), and potassium (mean difference ranged from 318.2 mg to 446.1 mg, p < 0.0005) compared to children in the lowest quartile across all age groups. Children in the highest quartile had higher intakes of nut butters, legumes, fruits, and vegetables and consumed a greater percentage of grains as whole grains than those in the lowest quartile. Conclusion Encouraging intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nut butters, and at least 75% of grains as whole grains may help young children improve dietary fiber intake and overall diet quality.

scholarly journals Weight loss, adherence, and dietary intakes of free-living adults consuming calorie-restricted diets varying in macronutrient composition: the POUNDS LOST Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Champagne ◽  
Derek Miketinas ◽  
Frank Sacks ◽  
George Bray
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Adherence ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Diet Type

AbstractVarious diets have been examined as potential weight-loss treatment for individuals with overweight and obesity. POUNDS LOST was a 2-year randomized clinical trial examining effects of four calorie-restricted diets of varying macronutrient composition on weight loss in free-living adults with obesity. The main results demonstrated that reducing calories, regardless of macronutrient content, can reduce body weight. Participants were randomized to receive one of four diets: 1) 20% fat, 15% protein; 2)20% fat, 25% protein; 3) 40% fat, 15% protein; and 4) 40% fat, 25% protein. Eight hundred eleven (811) subjects participated in the trial and weight loss, as expected, varied considerably. Three hundred forty-five participants (54.8% female; 86.5% Caucasian, 12.4% African American, and 1.1% other) provided baseline and 6-month follow-up dietary data. Dietary adherence was defined as consuming within + 5% of the target macronutrient composition for fat and protein. Stepwise regression and cross-validation techniques were used to model weight loss as a function of the following predictors: age, dietary adherence, energy density change, and fiber intake. Additionally, we explored whether all four diet types were healthy using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (USDA). At 6 months, participants assigned to each diet had lost an average of 6 kg. Mean weight loss among adherers however was -8.4 + 5.0 kg and also did not vary across diet-type. Change in energy density was positively associated with weight change while age, dietary adherence, and fiber intake were inversely associated with weight change. Fiber intake was the strongest predictor of weight change; on average, a 10 g increase in fiber intake was associated with 2.2 kg decrease in body weight after 6 months of the dietary intervention. Only 46 (13.3%) of the 345 participants who provided follow-up data (61% male, 93% Caucasian) met the criteria for adherence to both energy (± 10% of target) and macronutrient targets. A decrease in energy density was positively associated with weight change for each diet-type; however, this effect was most profound in the high-fat, average-protein diet. Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores for the diets consumed by the subjects were: LF/AP, 74.8 ± 9.7; LF/HP, 73.8 ± 12.4; HF/AP, 73.4 ± 13.0; and HF/HP, 74.2 ± 9.8, which exceeds the scores of most Americans. These results suggest that dietary factors may positively influence weight loss in addition to energy intake and macronutrient composition. Furthermore, modified macronutrient, calorie-reduced diets can indeed be healthy compared to current dietary habits of US adults.

Low-energy density and high fiber intake are dietary concerns in female endurance athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1060-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Melin ◽  
Å. B. Tornberg ◽  
S. Skouby ◽  
S. S. Møller ◽  
J. Faber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber

The Role of Dietary Fiber in the Development and Treatment of Childhood Obesity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1010-1014
Author(s):  
Sue Y. S. Kimm
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiber Intake

Childhood obesity is viewed as a public health problem in the United States because of its assumed high prevalence and increasing secular trend. The best estimate of the genetic contribution to obesity ranges from 5% to 25%. Environmental factors play a major role in obesity development. Low income and a low level of education have been associated with obesity, particularly among white women. Caloric intake as a risk factor for obesity has not been clearly established. This lack of a clear-cut association may be attributable to the problem of accurately measuring caloric intake. Several studies have linked increased total fat intake, rather than caloric intake, with obesity. Some studies have linked television viewing to obesity in children. Obesity is rare among the populations of developing countries, where dietary fiber intake is high. Explanations for the role of dietary fiber in obesity include a reduced caloric density of the foods, a slower rate of food ingestion, and possible effects on satiety. Most studies on the role of fiber in the treatment of obesity have been somewhat limited by lack of comparison groups, inadequate sample sizes, and short durations of the observations. However, although limited, the available evidence suggests that fiber potentially could play a useful role in weight reduction. For children, fiber administration should be considered as an adjuvant therapy rather than a primary modality, because fiber might aid in promoting satiety during meals and curbing hunger between meals. More research is needed, however, to assess further the efficacy of high-fiber diets in the treatment of childhood obesity. For now, however, increasing dietary fiber as a part of a health-promoting dietary pattern presents an attractive public health possibility as a means for prevention of chronic diseases. Preventing childhood obesity could be a part of the health benefit resulting from a population-based recommendation for optimal fiber intake.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY FIBER INTAKE IN CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED MUCOSITIS IN MURINE MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
B Gallotti ◽  
I Galvao ◽  
G Leles ◽  
MF Quintanilha ◽  
RO Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
High Doses

Abstract Mucositis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa resulting from high-doses of radio/chemotherapy treatment and may lead to interruption of antineoplasic therapy. Soluble fibers, like pectin, increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production that play a role in gut homeostasis and inflammation suppression. Due to the properties of pectin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high-fiber diet on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in a murine model. C57/BL6 mice received control (AIN93M), high-fiber (HF), low/zero fiber (LF) diets for 10 days prior the mucositis challenging with irinotecan (75 mg/kg); or, they were treated with acetate added to drinking water 5 days prior and during the mucositis induction. Mice that received HF diet showed decreased immune cells influx and improved histopathological parameters in the intestine, compared to mice that received normal diet. Furthermore, HF diet decreased intestinal permeability induced in the mucositis model when compared to the control group. This effect was not observed in the acetate alone, which did not improve gut permeability. For instance, mice that received LF diet worsened gut permeability, compared with mice that received normal diet and mucositis. The effects of the HF and LF diets were shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota, in which the LF diet increased the levels of Enterobacteriaceae, a group associated with gut inflammation, whereas the HF diet decreased this group and increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobaterium (SCFA producers) levels. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the importance of dietary fiber intake in the modulation of gut microbiota composition and homeostasis maintenance during mucositis in this model.

scholarly journals Changes in Quantity and Sources of Dietary Fiber from Adopting Healthy Low-Fat vs. Healthy Low-Carb Weight Loss Diets: Secondary Analysis of DIETFITS Weight Loss Diet Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3625
Author(s):  
Lisa C. Offringa ◽  
Jennifer C. Hartle ◽  
Joseph Rigdon ◽  
Christopher D. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Weight Loss Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Diet Study

The daily intake of dietary fiber is well below the recommended levels in the US. The effect of adopting a low-fat vs. a low-carbohydrate weight loss diet on fiber intake is of interest but not well-documented, especially when both approaches promote high-quality food choices. The objective of this paper is to compare the quantity and sources of dietary fiber between a healthy low-fat (HLF) vs. healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet group when consumed over 12 months in a weight loss diet study. In this secondary analysis of the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study, the amount and sources of dietary fiber were examined in generally healthy adults, 18–50 years of age, Body Mass Index (BMI) 28–40 kg/m2, randomized to HLF or HLC for 12 months, who had available 24-h recalls at 0 (n = 609), 3 (n = 549), 6 (n = 491), and 12 (n = 449) months. The dietary intake was estimated by the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R). The sources of fiber were determined for the major food groups. Significantly more total dietary fiber was consumed by HLF at every post-randomization time point, and, at 12 m, was 23.04 ± 9.43 g vs. 18.61 ± 8.12 g for HLF vs. HLC, respectively, p < 0.0001. In both diet groups at 12 months, the highest amount of dietary fiber came from non-starchy vegetables (4.13 ± 3.05 g and 5.13 ± 3.59 g). The other primary sources of fiber at 12 months for the HLF group were from whole grains (3.90 ± 3.13 g) and fruits (3.40 ± 2.87 g), and, for the HLC group, were from plant protein and fat sources, such as nuts and seeds, their butters, and avocados (2.64 ± 2.64 g). In the DIETFITS study, the difference in the total fiber intake for the HLF vs. HLC groups was more modest than expected. The HLC group consumed reasonably high amounts of fiber from high-protein and high fat plant-based sources.

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