Putrescine differently influences the effect of salt stress on polyamine metabolism and ethylene synthesis in rice cultivars differing in salt resistance

To investigate the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on metabolism changes under salt stress in cucumber roots, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed. The results showed that most of the 142 metabolites responded to salt stress or exogenous Spd treatment. Salt stress reduced carbon consumption, resulted in the transformation of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and meanwhile increased salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene synthesis, and, thus, inhibited the growth of seedlings. However, exogenous Spd further improved the utilization of carbon, the energy-saving pattern of amino acid accumulation, and the control of hydroxyl radicals. In conclusion, Spd could promote energy metabolism and inhibit SA and ethylene synthesis in favor of root growth that contributes to higher salt tolerance. This study provides insight that may facilitate a better understanding of the salt resistance by Spd in cucumber seedlings.

Download Full-text

Interaction of SOS2 with Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase 2 and Catalases Reveals a Point of Connection between Salt Stress and H2O2 Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.00429-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (22) ◽

pp. 7771-7780 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

Paul E. Verslues ◽

Giorgia Batelli ◽

Stefania Grillo ◽

Fernanda Agius ◽

Yong-Sig Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Double Mutant ◽

Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Interacting Proteins ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Oxygen Signaling ◽

Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase 2

ABSTRACT SOS2, a class 3 sucrose-nonfermenting 1-related kinase, has emerged as an important mediator of salt stress response and stress signaling through its interactions with proteins involved in membrane transport and in regulation of stress responses. We have identified additional SOS2-interacting proteins that suggest a connection between SOS2 and reactive oxygen signaling. SOS2 was found to interact with the H2O2 signaling protein nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (NDPK2) and to inhibit its autophosphorylation activity. A sos2-2 ndpk2 double mutant was more salt sensitive than a sos2-2 single mutant, suggesting that NDPK2 and H2O2 are involved in salt resistance. However, the double mutant did not hyperaccumulate H2O2 in response to salt stress, suggesting that it is altered signaling rather than H2O2 toxicity alone that is responsible for the increased salt sensitivity of the sos2-2 ndpk2 double mutant. SOS2 was also found to interact with catalase 2 (CAT2) and CAT3, further connecting SOS2 to H2O2 metabolism and signaling. The interaction of SOS2 with both NDPK2 and CATs reveals a point of cross talk between salt stress response and other signaling factors including H2O2.

Download Full-text

Endogenous Polyamines and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Relation to Germination of Osmoprimed Brassica napus Seeds under Salt Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23010349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Katarzyna Lechowska ◽

Łukasz Wojtyla ◽

Muriel Quinet ◽

Szymon Kubala ◽

Stanley Lutts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Low Cost ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Arginine Decarboxylase ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Polyamine Metabolism ◽

Growth State ◽

Early Seedling

Currently, seed priming is reported as an efficient and low-cost approach to increase crop yield, which could not only promote seed germination and improve plant growth state but also increase abiotic stress tolerance. Salinity represents one of the most significant abiotic stresses that alters multiple processes in plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to salt stress is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. This paper examined the effect of osmopriming on endogenous polyamine metabolism at the germination and early seedling development of Brassica napus in relation to salinity tolerance. Free, conjugated and bound polyamines were analyzed, and changes in their accumulation were discussed with literature data. The most remarkable differences between the corresponding osmoprimed and unprimed seeds were visible in the free (spermine) and conjugated (putrescine, spermidine) fractions. The arginine decarboxylase pathway seems to be responsible for the accumulation of PAs in primed seeds. The obvious impact of seed priming on tyramine accumulation was also demonstrated. Moreover, the level of ethylene increased considerably in seedlings issued from primed seeds exposed to salt stress. It can be concluded that the polyamines are involved in creating the beneficial effect of osmopriming on germination and early growth of Brassica napus seedlings under saline conditions through moderate changes in their biosynthesis and accumulation.

Download Full-text

Influence of salt stress on plants of poplar clone "INRA 353-38" and willow clone "Zhytomyrska-1" in in vitro culture

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Series Biology ◽

10.17721/1728_2748.2020.83.43-49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Yu. Khoma ◽

L. Khudolieieva ◽

N. Kutsokon

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

In Vitro Culture ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Hybrid Poplar ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

In Vitro Cultivation ◽

Abiotic Factor

Soil salinization is an important abiotic factor negatively affecting plant growth, development and productivity. Fast-growing poplar and willow trees are important plants for bioenergy production demonstrating varying degrees of adaptation to different habitats. The study of salt resistance in different clones of poplars and willows will reveal genotypes that can be planted in saline soils for producing biomass for the bioenergy industry. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on poplar plants of clone 'INRA 353-38' (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) and willow clone 'Zhytomyrska – 1' (Salix sp.) under in vitro culture. For this purpose the plants were cultivated on MS nutrient medium with the addition of sodium chloride in concentrations 25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM. The control plants were grown on the sodium chloridefree medium. The plant status (with a 4-score scale), the intensity of their growth (by shoot length) and rooting capacity (by the number of roots) were assessed on the 10th and the 30th day of cultivation. The results obtained indicate a high level of sensitivity to sodium chloride of both studied clones under in vitro cultivation. But the willow 'Zhytomyrska – 1' had a higher sensitivity to salt stress comparing to hybrid polar 'ІNRA 353-38' since growth parameters of willow were significantly decreased even under the concentration of sodium chloride 50 mM, and in the case of short term influence (10 days) of the highest concentration of sodium chloride (100 mM) all willow plants terminated their growth and quickly died. The growth parameters of hybrid poplar were declined within a month, mainly under the highest concentration of sodium chloride, but even under such conditions some part of the shoots were able to survive.

Download Full-text

Effect of irrigation salinity on the growth and yield of two Aus rice cultivars of Bangladesh

Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/jujbs.v7i2.40742 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tahmina Khanam ◽

Nahid Akhtar ◽

MA Halim ◽

Feroza Hossain

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Tiller Number ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Growth Reduction ◽

Water Control ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Pot Culture

The experiment was conducted to clarify the growth and yield response of two rice cultivars, BR55 and BR43 under salt stress. Six different concentrations of NaCl viz 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM and distilled water (control) were applied on the rice cultivars which were grown under pot culture condition. Growth parameters like plant height, tiller number, leaf number and leaf area were negatively affected by salinity in both cultivars. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in yield in both cultivars of rice. Growth reduction was higher in BR43 than in BR55.The reduction in yield and yield parameters were found to be lower in BR55 than those in BR43. The results obtained in the present study suggest that BR55 showed higher salt tolerance than in BR43. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 1-12, 2018 (December)

Download Full-text

Melatonin: A Small Molecule but Important for Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20030709 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 709 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Haoshuang Zhan ◽

Xiaojun Nie ◽

Ting Zhang ◽

Shuang Li ◽

Xiaoyu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Ion Homeostasis ◽

Free Radical Scavenger ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Polyamine Metabolism ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Radical Scavenger ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance

Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors in worldwide agricultural production, resulting in huge annual yield loss. Since 1995, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)—an ancient multi-functional molecule in eukaryotes and prokaryotes—has been extensively validated as a regulator of plant growth and development, as well as various stress responses, especially its crucial role in plant salt tolerance. Salt stress and exogenous melatonin lead to an increase in endogenous melatonin levels, partly via the phyto-melatonin receptor CAND2/PMTR1. Melatonin plays important roles, as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, in the improvement of antioxidant systems under salt stress. These functions improve photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and activate a series of downstream signals, such as hormones, nitric oxide (NO) and polyamine metabolism. Melatonin also regulates gene expression responses to salt stress. In this study, we review recent literature and summarize the regulatory roles and signaling networks involving melatonin in response to salt stress in plants. We also discuss genes and gene families involved in the melatonin-mediated salt stress tolerance.

Download Full-text

Isolation and identification of salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their application for rice cultivation under salt stress

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2019-0323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 144-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shahnaz Sultana ◽

Sumonta C. Paul ◽

Samia Parveen ◽

Saiful Alam ◽

Naziza Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Enhanced Expression ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Growth and productivity of rice are negatively affected by soil salinity. However, some salt-tolerant rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria can improve salt resistance of plants, thereby augmenting plant growth and production. Here, we isolated a total of 53 plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from saline and non-saline areas in Bangladesh where electrical conductivity was measured as >7.45 and <1.80 dS/m, respectively. Bacteria isolated from saline areas were able to grow in a salt concentration of up to 2.60 mol/L, contrary to the isolates collected from non-saline areas that did not survive beyond 854 mmol/L. Among the salt-tolerant isolates, Bacillus aryabhattai, Achromobacter denitrificans, and Ochrobactrum intermedium, identified by comparing respective sequences of 16S rRNA using the NCBI GenBank, exhibited a higher amount of atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and indoleacetic acid production at 200 mmol/L salt stress. Salt-tolerant isolates exhibited greater resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, which could be due to the production of an exopolysaccharide layer outside the cell surface. Oryza sativa L. fertilized with B. aryabhattai MS3 and grown under 200 mmol/L salt stress was found to be favoured by enhanced expression of a set of at least four salt-responsive plant genes: BZ8, SOS1, GIG, and NHX1. Fertilization of rice with osmoprotectant-producing PGPR, therefore, could be a climate-change-preparedness strategy for coastal agriculture.

Download Full-text

Individual and combined effects of antioxidant and salinity on germination characters of rice

Journal of Ecobiotechnology ◽

10.25081/jebt.2019.v11.5471 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 06-12

Author(s):

A.A. Kandil, A.E. Sharief ◽

Fatma M. Abd EL- Fatah

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Seeds ◽

Germination Experiment ◽

Germination Parameters ◽

Potential Tool

A germination experiment was carried out in rice to study the role played by various antioxidants on germination parameters under salt stress in some rice cultivars. The results indicated that the highest germination percentage, rate (days), index and speed were recorded in Sakha 106 cultivar. An increase in the concentration of salt from 100 mM to 300 mM resulted in a reduction in these parameters. Pretreatment of the seeds with Humic acid at 500ppm increased these studied parameters. All studied characters were affected by the interaction between rice cultivars, salinity concentrations and antioxidants. In general, the study suggested that antioxidant pretreatment in rice seeds can be considered as a potential tool to enhance germination parameters under salinity stress, especially in rice Sakha 106 cultivars.

Download Full-text

Response of seven tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars produced in Benin to salinity stress at young plant stage

International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology ◽

10.20546/ijcrbp.2020.708.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Eliane Kinsou ◽

Armel Mensah ◽

David K. Montcho Hambada ◽

Séraphin Ahissou Zanklan ◽

Agapit Wouyou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Growth Parameter ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Young Plant ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plant Stage ◽

Tomato Cultivars

In this study, we evaluated the salt resistance level of seven tomato cultivars Akikon, Tounvi, Thorgal, F1 Mongal, Padma, Petomech and TLCV15 at young plant stage. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with four replications in a greenhouse. Three-week old plants from the seven cultivars were submitted in pots containing a mixture of potting soil and sand to five NaCl concentrations: 0; 30; 60; 90 and 120 mM NaCl corresponding respectively to an electric conductivity of 0.221; 3.827; 6.47; 10.56 and 14.02 dS.m-1 by irrigation every two days. Plant growth parameters were evaluated after two weeks. Salt effect caused a reduction of young plant growth whatever the growth parameter considered with a significant difference among cultivars. Growth of cultivars Padma, Akikon and Petomech was more affected by salt stress with two or three growth parameters significantly reduced at 30 mM NaCl whereas no growth parameter was significantly affected at less than 60 mM NaCl for cultivars Thorgal and Tounvi. Thus, cultivars Akikon, Petomech and Padma appeared as the most sensitive to salt stress. In contrast, cultivars Tounvi and Thorgal appeared as the most salt-resistant. Cultivars F1 Mongal and TLCV15 had intermediary behavior.

Download Full-text

Comparative transcriptome analysis of sweet sorghum provides insights into new lncRNAs acting as ceRNAs during salt responses

10.21203/rs.2.16023/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xi Sun ◽

Hongxiang Zheng ◽

Jinlu Li ◽

Na Sui

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Target Genes ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Rna Transcripts ◽

Competitive Endogenous Rnas ◽

Sensitive Line ◽

Signal Transduction Proteins

Abstract LncRNAs can act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to competitively bind miRNAs, thereby indirectly regulating the transcription levels of other RNA transcripts to confer resistance to plants. But how specific ceRNAs respond to salt stress in sweet sorghum is still unclear. In this study, 126 and 133 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in salt-tolerant sweet sorghum (M-81E) and a salt-sensitive line (Roma) by high-throughput RNA-seq, respectively. And five new lncRNAs were identified in M-81E and Roma after salt stress treatment, lncRNA13472, lncRNA11310, lncRNA2846, lncRNA26929 and lncRNA14798 acted as ceRNAs to regulate the expression of target genes related to salt resistance by binding the five miRNAs sbi-MIR169b-p3, sbi-MIR5567-p3-2ss16CT17TC, sbi-MIR5567-p5-2, sbi-MIR5567-p5-2ss17CT18TC and PC-3p-270284-34, respectively. The target genes mainly included proton pump proteins, transport proteinsantioxidants, signal transduction proteins and transcription factors. However M-81E had more complex ceRNAs network than in Roma, which might be related with its different salt tolerance. In summary, this study identified a new ceRNA network within the transcriptome and revealed the effect of lncRNAs in the salt stress response.

Download Full-text