Integrative Approach to Stimulant-Use Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mitton ◽  
Larissa J. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Relative Paucity

SUD remains a significant public health problem with limited evidence-based treatment options available for many individuals. This chapter provides a review of integrative treatment approaches for stimulant use disorder, including current literature on evidence-based behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and complementary and alternative treatments (CAM) for both cocaine and amphetamine use. Current epidemiology, physical and mental health effects, and public health impacts, of these disorders is also discussed. The chapter provides an overview of current mainstream treatments for these disorders and challenges that have been faced in developing effective treatment modalities. With the relative paucity of available traditional treatments, the chapter seeks to explore the evidence for the use of such CAM treatments as acupuncture, exercise, yoga, transmagnetic cranial stimulation (TMS), meditation, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

scholarly journals Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) Trigger-Mediated Ovulation Induction in Infertility Management in South Indian Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI Regimens: A Pilot Sexual Medicine Study with Public Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Saumya Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
South Indian

Introduction: Infertility is a global public health problem; cost-effective patient-friendly treatment modalities along with psychosexual intervention strategies are essential for infertility control/prevention/management among ethnically disparate populations. Objectives: This study aimed to assess differential in vitro fertilization (IVF) success trends among infertile women of South Indian ethnicity. Materials and Methods: Prospective, observational study designed in a hospital-based setting with active enrollment of infertile women undergoing IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at Indira IVF Center, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (April-September 2019); inclusion criteria: age >35 years, South Indian ethnicity, married >1 year, absence of full-term clinical pregnancy, endometrial thickness <6 mm/thin endometrium; exclusion criteria: prior ≥2 IVF failures, fibroids/adenomyosis/cervical cancer/endometriosis. IVF success was determined by evaluating total frozen embryos transferred/month, average oocyte yield/donor, oocyte quality, M-II oocytes, biochemical/clinical pregnancy (beta-human chorionic gonadotropin positivity/fetal cardiac activity). Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity was assessed by GeneXpert polymerase chain reaction-based technology, and psychosexual intervention-incorporated marital relationship counseling sessions/therapy, referrals for psychiatric assessments (cognitive impairment/schizophrenia/depression). Written informed consent of participants was taken and study was approved by Institutional Review Board. Results: Mean age and endometrial thickness of study participants were 33.3 years (SD ±1.9) and 8.7 mm (SD ±0.5), respectively; average Body Mass Index (BMI) and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were 28.4 kg/m2 and 4.7 ng/mL, respectively. Embryos transferred/month: 7 in April/13 in May/24 in June/36 in July/24 in August/30 in September, and pregnancies: 4/8/17/26/20/22 for the months of April, May, June, July, August, and September 2019, respectively. Subgroup stratification demonstrated M-II vs total oocytes retrieved were 76%, 73%, 60%, 71%, 77%, and 77%. Overall IVF success rates were 57% in April/62% in May/71% in June/72% in July/83% in August/73% in September; frozen embryo transfer success was 0 in April-May/67% in June/73% in July/89% in August/100% in September 2019. English/Tamil-speaking infertile women self-reported treatment-related satisfaction rates of 80% to 100%. Conclusion: M-II oocytes’ yield, sociodemographics of infertile women, and increasing age/aberrant AMH/BMI profiles/endometrial receptivity/diminished ovarian reserve are promising predictors of IVF/ICSI success in genetically distinct patient population subset(s). Future multicentric gene epidemiology studies with larger sample size and precision-based psychiatric assessments/interventions are warranted for development of predictive biomarkers in infertility management.

scholarly journals The Effects of Gamification and Oral Self-Care on Oral Hygiene in Children: Systematic Search in App Stores and Evaluation of Apps (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nino Fijačko ◽  
Lucija Gosak ◽  
Leona Cilar ◽  
Alenka Novšak ◽  
Ruth Masterson Creber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based Dentistry

BACKGROUND Poor oral hygiene is a great public health problem worldwide. Oral health care education is a public health priority as the maintenance of oral hygiene is integral to overall health. Maintaining optimal oral hygiene among children is challenging and can be supported by using relevant motivational approaches. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to identify mobile smartphone apps that include gamification features focused on motivating children to learn, perform, and maintain optimal oral hygiene. METHODS We searched six online app stores using four search terms (“oral hygiene game,” “oral hygiene gamification,” “oral hygiene brush game,” and “oral hygiene brush gamification”). We identified gamification features, identified whether apps were consistent with evidence-based dentistry, performed a quality appraisal with the Mobile App Rating Scale user version (uMARS), and quantified behavior scores (Behavior Change score, uMARS score, and Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-Refined [CALO-RE] score) using three different instruments that measure behavior change. RESULTS Of 612 potentially relevant apps included in the analysis, 17 met the inclusion criteria. On average, apps included 6.87 (SD 4.18) out of 31 possible gamification features. The most frequently used gamification features were time pressure (16/17, 94%), virtual characters (14/17, 82%), and fantasy (13/17, 76%). The most common oral hygiene evidence-based recommendation was brushing time (2-3 minutes), which was identified in 94% (16/17) of apps. The overall mean uMARS score for app quality was high (4.30, SD 0.36), with good mean subjective quality (3.79, SD 0.71) and perceived impact (3.58, SD 0.44). Sufficient behavior change techniques based on three taxonomies were detected in each app. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the analyzed oral hygiene apps included gamification features and behavior change techniques to perform and maintain oral hygiene in children. Overall, the apps contained some educational content consistent with evidence-based dentistry and high-quality background for oral self-care in children; however, there is scope for improvement.

scholarly journals The same old story: Workplace violence towards healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 006-009
Author(s):  
Ali Kemal Erenler ◽  
Seval Komut ◽  
Ahmet Baydin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Zero Tolerance Policy

Workplace violence (WPV) is a growing public health problem worldwide affecting physical and mental health of healthcare providers. It has many deterious consequences such as anxiety, burnout and intention to leave the job. With the pandemic, it is assumed that the incidence of workplace violence tends to increase. Particularly, misinformation about the nature of the disease create prejudice against staff working in healthcare facilities. There are several measures to be taken for prevention of physical and mental health of healthcare providers. A “zero-tolerance policy against violence” should be implemented. Doctors and nurses should be encouraged to report incidents. Social support should be provided for the personnel. In this review, our aim was to clarify if there is an increase in the incidence of WPV against healthcare providers in the pandemic process. We also aimed to make recommendations about measures that must be taken to prevent healthcare providers from detrimental effects of WPV.

scholarly journals Addressing College Drinking as a Statewide Public Health Problem: Key Findings From the Maryland Collaborative

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia M. Arria ◽  
David H. Jernigan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
College Drinking ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
High Risk Drinking

Excessive drinking among college students is a serious and pervasive public health problem. Although much research attention has focused on developing and evaluating evidence-based practices to address college drinking, adoption has been slow. The Maryland Collaborative to Reduce College Drinking and Related Problems was established in 2012 to bring together a network of institutions of higher education in Maryland to collectively address college drinking by using both individual-level and environmental-level evidence-based approaches. In this article, the authors describe the findings of this multilevel, multicomponent statewide initiative. To date, the Maryland Collaborative has succeeded in providing a forum for colleges to share knowledge and experiences, strengthen existing strategies, and engage in a variety of new activities. Administration of an annual student survey has been useful for guiding interventions as well as evaluating progress toward the Maryland Collaborative’s goal to measurably reduce high-risk drinking and its radiating consequences on student health, safety, and academic performance and on the communities surrounding college campuses. The experiences of the Maryland Collaborative exemplify real-world implementation of evidence-based approaches to reduce this serious public health problem.

An Integrative Approach to Depression: Part 2—Assessment and Treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Zuess
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

This article is the second of a two-part series presenting an integrative model for understanding and treating depression. In this part, the integrative model provides the basis for comprehensive assessment and treatment, guiding the application of a wide variety of treatments. Evidence-based complementary and conventional treatment modalities for depression are also reviewed.

Loneliness and aging in China–a public health problem in need of solutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulin Chen ◽  
Yeates Conwell ◽  
Helen Fung Kum Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Individual

Loneliness is a common, distressing feeling that results when one perceives his/her social relationships and supports as inadequate. Social connectedness refers to the relationships between the individual and his or her family, friends, community, and other supports. Neither loneliness nor social connectedness has received enough research attention, in particular with regard to older adults’ physical and mental health.

America’s Homelessness Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Charley E. Willison
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Chronic Homelessness ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
The Life Course

Homelessness is a public health problem. From rising housing costs to discriminatory lending and leasing, natural disasters, and mental illness, homelessness has many different causes and many similar effects: serious adverse consequences for physical and mental health across the life course. This chapter makes the case for homelessness as a public health problem, with chronic homelessness as scope of focus for this book. This chapter then introduces the main question of the book: If municipalities are the site of the U.S. homeless epidemic, what are municipal governments doing to address homelessness, and why? This chapter then outlines the role of governance structures in shaping municipal approaches to chronic homelessness, describes the governance system responsible for designing and delivering solutions to homelessness and chronic homelessness in the United States, and the history of homeless policy in America. Finally, this chapter lays the roadmap for the book and subsequent chapters.

scholarly journals Treatment options of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpishchenko ◽  
S. V. Baranskaya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nasal Secretion ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Clinical Use

Currently, the pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is an urgent public health problem. Rhinosinusitis is one of the leading causes of patients seeking medical attention. In addition to traditional anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, decongestant and antihistamine therapy, agents with mucolytic properties are widely used. The basis of rhinosinusitis is a process of violation of mucociliary clearance. Sinonasal secretions in rhinosinusitis are more viscous,elastic, and adhesive than normal nasal mucus. A change in the composition of the nasal secretion leads to stagnation of the contents in the sinuses, promotes bacterial colonization. The appointment of mucolytics regulates secretion and normalizes the viscosity of the secretion. The article provides an example of the clinical use of Sinupret®.

scholarly journals Associations between Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and trachoma clustering at aggregate spatial scales, Amhara, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Forest M. Altherr ◽  
Andrew W. Nute ◽  
Mulat Zerihun ◽  
Eshetu Sata ◽  
Aisha E. P. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Abstract Background Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness globally. The WHO has recommended the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvements) strategy to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. The F and E arms of the strategy will likely be important for sustained disease reductions, yet more evidence is needed detailing relationships between hygiene, sanitation and trachoma in areas with differing endemicity. This study addressed whether the regional differences in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) variables were associated with the spatial distribution of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children aged 1 to 9 years in the Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia. Methods Data from 152 multi-stage cluster random trachoma surveys were used to understand the degree of clustering of trachoma on two spatial scales (district and village) in Amhara using a geographical information system and the Getis-Ord Gi* (d) statistic for local clustering. Trained and certified graders examined children for the clinical signs of trachoma using the WHO simplified system. Socio-demographic, community, and geoclimatic factors thought to promote the clustering of the disease were included as covariates in a logistic regression model. Results The mean district prevalence of TF among children aged 1 to 9 years in Amhara was 25.1% (standard deviation = 16.2%). The spatial distribution of TF was found to exhibit global spatial dependency with neighboring evaluation units at both district and village level. Specific clusters of high TF were identified at both the district and the village scale of analysis using weighted estimates of the prevalence of the disease. Increased prevalence of children without nasal and ocular discharge as well as increased prevalence of households with access to a water source within 30 minutes were statistically significantly negatively associated with clusters of high TF prevalence. Conclusions Water access and facial cleanliness were important factors in the clustering of trachoma within this hyperendemic region. Intensified promotion of structural and behavioral interventions to increase WASH coverage may be necessary to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem in Amhara and perhaps other hyper-endemic settings.

scholarly journals From End Treatment to Source Prevention: Socio-Ecological Approaches to Promote Research on the Environment and Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases with Special Reference to China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Xi-Zhang Shan ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Kun Lai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
Critical Public Health ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Effective Source

Globally, the pandemic of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) has become a critical public health problem. Although NCD prevention has been shifting from individual behavioral interventions to broad environmental interventions, it is still necessary to promote research on the environment and NCDs as a whole. Therefore, this conceptual paper aimed to develop a general and novel framework to advance this line of research. The framework uses socio-ecological approaches that emphasize source prevention rather than the end treatment. Specifically, this framework comprehensively covered integrative research approaches, prioritized areas, urgent efforts, innovative methodologies, and improved funding. The framework used China as a typical context, where its public health policies, similar to other nations, still focus on the end treatment of NCDs, placing emphasis on biomedical approaches and technologies. China’s relevant efforts may furnish new insights and approaches concerning NCD prevention, and these efforts may benefit the improvement of global health and well-being. Such social-ecological research efforts can help to accelerate a shift from existing individual interventions to environmental interventions, thereby ultimately achieving the effective source prevention of NCDs in China and around the globe.

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