Examining trends in dementia incidence and prevalence using an age-period-cohort framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Kenneth M Langa ◽  
Eileen M Crimmins ◽  
Mark D Hayward
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Geriatric Condition ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Daily Function

Dementia, a decline in memory and cognition leading to disability in daily function, is a common and feared geriatric condition. Over the past decade, dementia has been the focus of increasing attention from researchers, clinicians, and policymakers due to the projected significant increase in the number of dementia cases expected to result from the worldwide growth in the elderly population. Given the growing evidence that late-life dementia risk likely results from the summation of risk and protective factors that individuals experience across the life course from birth (even pre-birth) through old age, an ‘age-period-cohort’ perspective which clarifies trends in dementia using each of these different lenses may help in identifying potential causal pathways that affect dementia risk. In this chapter, we review recent literature on trends in dementia incidence and prevalence in countries around the world, discuss hypothesized causes for those trends, and present new data on recent trends in dementia incidence and prevalence in the USA.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL MECHANISM OF PREVENTING THE SUICIDE IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
S.S. Filonenko
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs ◽  
Legal Mechanism

The article focuses on the study of suicide worldwide and Ukraine in particular. The phenomenon of suicide is relevant in all corners of the world, it affects people of all nations, cultures, religions, articles, and classes. The scientific community in many countries around the world demonstrates indifference to the problem of suicide; Accordingly, suicide is gradually becoming one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, suicide ranks 15th among the leading causes of death. WHO statistics show that suicide is committed twice as often as murder, and emphasizes that this phenomenon is global and reaches critical levels every year. We have analyzed the regulatory framework for suicide at the global level. For example, over the last decades, since 2000, due to the incredible efforts of WHO, this problem has begun to receive national attention. In the developed world, many regulations on suicide prevention have been developed and adopted. In the course of scientific research, we found out that suicide and Ukraine is the seventh cause of death, which confirms the criticality of the problem and the need for its fastest solution. We believe that there is a need today to support such categories of persons as children and young people, servicemen, convicts, and the elderly. The article examines the experience of such foreign countries as the USA, Azerbaijan, Israel, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, and other European countries of the world. Finding out what prevention and prevention measures they have implemented in national suicide prevention programs, we see the possibility of their implementation in Ukraine and are convinced of their effectiveness. According to the results of scientific research, we will develop an administrative and legal mechanism for suicide prevention in Ukraine, which can work if all the steps of the algorithm for reducing suicide rates are fulfilled. Keywords: suicide, administrative and legal mechanism, the algorithm of actions, statistics, suicide rate.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA IN ENGLAND AND JAPAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S190-S190
Author(s):  
Dorina Cadar ◽  
Kokoro Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Dementia is one of the major contributors to disability and dependency amongst the elderly populations and a significant public health concern. Even though the prevalence of dementia in the UK is rising due to higher numbers of people surviving into older ages, recent evidence suggests that the UK is experiencing a decline in dementia incidence. By contrast, Japan has witnessed a different trend, with increases in both incidence and prevalence. This difference could be related to diagnostic practices within each country, or to the cultural variability in the risk and protective factors driving these emerging forecasts that remain fundamentally different between the UK and Japan. Research in this field has been dominated by clinical studies of dementia mostly conducted in the UK and US, and the current evidence lacks reliable national data on dementia incidence. Socioeconomic inequalities and social determinants of neurocognitive health and dementia risk in two longitudinal studies of ageing: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) from the UK and Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study of Aging (JAGES). These studies are ideally placed for addressing pivotal research questions in gerontology: 1. What are the biopsychosocial determinants of cognitive impairment and dementia in England and Japan? 2. What are the potential exploratory mechanisms related to the divergent trends in dementia incidence observed in England and Japan? 3. What are the critical differences between the social determinants of dementia in England and Japan?

scholarly journals Midlife cardiovascular fitness and dementia

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (15) ◽  
pp. e1298-e1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Hörder ◽  
Lena Johansson ◽  
XinXin Guo ◽  
Gunnar Grimby ◽  
Silke Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Fitness ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Dementia Onset

ObjectiveTo investigate whether greater cardiovascular fitness in midlife is associated with decreased dementia risk in women followed up for 44 years.MethodsA population-based sample of 1,462 women 38 to 60 years of age was examined in 1968. Of these, a systematic subsample comprising 191 women completed a stepwise-increased maximal ergometer cycling test to evaluate cardiovascular fitness. Subsequent examinations of dementia incidence were done in 1974, 1980, 1992, 2000, 2005, and 2009. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria on the basis of information from neuropsychiatric examinations, informant interviews, hospital records, and registry data up to 2012. Cox regressions were performed with adjustment for socioeconomic, lifestyle, and medical confounders.ResultsCompared with medium fitness, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause dementia during the 44-year follow-up was 0.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.54) among those with high fitness and 1.41 (95% CI 0.72–2.79) among those with low fitness. High fitness delayed age at dementia onset by 9.5 years and time to dementia onset by 5 years compared to medium fitness.ConclusionsAmong Swedish women, a high cardiovascular fitness in midlife was associated with a decreased risk of subsequent dementia. Promotion of a high cardiovascular fitness may be included in strategies to mitigate or prevent dementia. Findings are not causal, and future research needs to focus on whether improved fitness could have positive effects on dementia risk and when during the life course a high cardiovascular fitness is most important.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE AND DEMENTIA ONSET IN JAPAN GERONTOLOGICAL EVALUATION STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S191-S191
Author(s):  
Ryoto Sakaniwa ◽  
Ryoto Sakaniwa ◽  
Kokoro Shirai ◽  
hiroyasu iso ◽  
Katsunori Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Dementia Onset

Abstract Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with dementia onset, but its transition throughout the life-course is poorly understood. In a prospective cohort of 40,041 participants, aged over 65 years without dementia, we identified ten optimal classifications of life-course SES transitions and their associated impact on dementia. Our results showed a clear significant dose-response pattern with the highest risk of dementia from 1) impoverished SES throughout, 2) impoverished childhood SES with normal adult SES, 3) impoverished adult SES with self-employed in adulthood, 4) high educated with poor adult SES, 5) never having a job, 6) low educated but high SES (self- employed), 7) technician, 8) high educated with poor adult SES, 9) average SES throughout, and 10) high SES throughout. These results suggest that life-course SES history is strongly associated with dementia risk and did not interact with single scale measurement. Further causal pathways and theories are relevant for disease modification.

scholarly journals Sibling Death in the Family and Dementia Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 862-863
Author(s):  
Hyungmin Cha ◽  
Patricia Thomas ◽  
Debra Umberson
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Sibling Loss ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Growing evidence points to the role of stress in contributing to dementia risk, and experiencing the death of a family member is a particularly stressful life event. Sibling relationships are typically life-long relationships and the death of a sibling is likely to be a stressful event in the life course; however, there is little research illuminating the possible consequences of sibling loss for dementia risk. This study considers whether experiencing the death of a sibling before midlife is associated with subsequent dementia risk and how such losses, which are more common for Black and Hispanic than for White populations, may add to racial/ethnic disparities in dementia risk. We use discrete-time event history models to predict dementia incidence among 9,590 non-Hispanic white, 1,669 non-Hispanic black, and 1,109 Hispanic respondents from the Health and Retirement Study, 2000-2014. Losing a sibling during the observation period is associated with increased risk for later dementia. The death of a sibling is robust to the inclusion of a variety of biosocial factors that contribute to subsequent dementia risk. The death of a sibling is a life course event with consequences that appear to increase dementia risk for Black and Hispanic older adults, and this increased risk is explained by biosocial processes likely activated by bereavement. However, Black and Hispanic Americans are further disadvantaged in that they are more likely than White Americans to experience the death of a sibling, and such losses add to the already substantial racial disadvantage in dementia risk.

scholarly journals Impact Analysis of Coronavirus on Elderly Population in Worldwide and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assel Izekenova ◽  
Akbota Tolegenova ◽  
Aigulsum Izekenova ◽  
Alina Rakhmatullina
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Covid-19 pandemics has affected the lives of all level population but brought an unprecedented threat to the health and daily life of the elderly population. Starting from Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, China, the virus spread to the world fleetingly, from 44 cases in January 2019 to 171,615,923 cases all around the world as of June 01, 2021, including Kazakhstan. SARS-CoV-2 positive patients had shown asymptomatic, mild, severe, and critical symptoms which brought to respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction in 5% of cases. The severity of the disease correlated with the older age and existing medical conditions, making the geriatric population more at hazard. A remarkable superiority of cases and deaths of Covid-19 was found within the elderly group, and particularly in those with pre-existing conditions and comorbidities, additionally to the immunosenescence and inflamm-aging. Studies done in the USA, Europe, and Asian countries showed a similar prevalence of the disease among adults and older people, but the mortality was extremely higher than in other age groups. Despite the similar prevalence, Kazakhstani researchers revealed a higher mortality rate (83.3%) than those countries. Therefore, the world, especially developing countries, needs additional advanced policies in vaccination policy, immediate testing, easy access to healthcare and information without ageist biases, income security, and more researches should be done that can address the issues, improve the lives and diminish the mortality of the geriatric population.

The Rapidly Aging World: Implications For Marketing

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. S1-S18
Author(s):  
James W. Gentry ◽  
Robert A. Mittelstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Developing World ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Aging World ◽  
Developed World

We raise a number of concerns as to how rapidly the world is ageing, and not just the developed world. Whereas there is much coverage of the forthcoming budget problems facing the developed world in terms of dealing with commitments to the elderly through programmes such as Medicare, Social Security and Medicaid in the USA, there is less awareness that much of the developing world is ageing at a more rapid rate and is, in fact, less prepared for handling its ageing population. The article’s purpose is not only to increase awareness of the coming problems, but also to point out specific issues that marketers need to devote much attention.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

Russian Banking Sector under World Financial Market Uncertainty: Problems and Prospects

2008 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ulyukaev ◽  
E. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Banking Sector Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The authors point out that the local market crisis - on the USA substandard loan market - has led to the uncertainty of the world financial market. It has caused the growing demand for liquidity in the framework of the world financial system. The Russian banking sector seems to be more stable under negative changes than banking systems of other emerging markets. At the same time one can assume that the crisis will become the factor of qualitative shift in the character of the Russian banking sector development - the shift from impetuous to more balanced growth.

9/11 and Armageddon: the Christian Right and George W. Bush

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Göran Gunner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Christian Right ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Mega Church ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Jerry Falwell ◽  
High Degree

Authors from the Christian Right in the USA situate the September 11 attack on New York and Washington within God's intentions to bring America into the divine schedule for the end of the world. This is true of Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, and other leading figures in the ‘Christian Coalition’. This article analyses how Christian fundamentalists assess the roles of the USA, the State of Israel, Islam, Iraq, the European Union and Russia within what they perceive to be the divine plan for the future of the world, especially against the background of ‘9/11’. It argues that the ideas of the Christian Right and of President George W. Bush coalesce to a high degree. Whereas before 9/11 many American mega-church preachers had aspirations to direct political life, after the events of that day the President assumes some of the roles of a mega-religious leader.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document