scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL MECHANISM OF PREVENTING THE SUICIDE IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
S.S. Filonenko
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs ◽  
Legal Mechanism

The article focuses on the study of suicide worldwide and Ukraine in particular. The phenomenon of suicide is relevant in all corners of the world, it affects people of all nations, cultures, religions, articles, and classes. The scientific community in many countries around the world demonstrates indifference to the problem of suicide; Accordingly, suicide is gradually becoming one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, suicide ranks 15th among the leading causes of death. WHO statistics show that suicide is committed twice as often as murder, and emphasizes that this phenomenon is global and reaches critical levels every year. We have analyzed the regulatory framework for suicide at the global level. For example, over the last decades, since 2000, due to the incredible efforts of WHO, this problem has begun to receive national attention. In the developed world, many regulations on suicide prevention have been developed and adopted. In the course of scientific research, we found out that suicide and Ukraine is the seventh cause of death, which confirms the criticality of the problem and the need for its fastest solution. We believe that there is a need today to support such categories of persons as children and young people, servicemen, convicts, and the elderly. The article examines the experience of such foreign countries as the USA, Azerbaijan, Israel, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, and other European countries of the world. Finding out what prevention and prevention measures they have implemented in national suicide prevention programs, we see the possibility of their implementation in Ukraine and are convinced of their effectiveness. According to the results of scientific research, we will develop an administrative and legal mechanism for suicide prevention in Ukraine, which can work if all the steps of the algorithm for reducing suicide rates are fulfilled. Keywords: suicide, administrative and legal mechanism, the algorithm of actions, statistics, suicide rate.

scholarly journals Peculiarities Of Cultural Interaction In Education: The US Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Olga Baybakova ◽  
Larysa Sidun
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Social Components ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractArticle deals with the problem of multicultural education. Ukraine, being a multicultural society, requires a new conception of the world, aimed at integrating cultures and nations, their further convergence as well as cultural enrichment. In this context the experience of many foreign countries, especially the USA, is very interesting. This country differs from average multicultural nations in a range of peculiarities, one of which is the fact that cultural interaction was not within an individual ethnos, but within immigrants–descendants of different countries, representatives of various cultures. It is underlined that the USA is the country that underwent durable trials in search for the most optimum ways to provide cultural interaction. The most modern response to the cultural diversity at the end of the 20th century in the USA became the policy of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism is considered to be a democratic policy of solving the problem of cultural and social diversity in the society, which includes educational, linguistic, economic and social components and has specific mechanisms of embodiment.The interpretation of multicultural education is proposed as that one, which facilitates the formation in a person of the readiness for activities in a modern socio-cultural environment, preservation of personal identity, aspiration for respect and understanding of other cultural and ethnical communities, the ability to live in peace and harmony with representatives of various racial, ethnic, cultural, religious groups.

Are There Unique Features of Suicide in Adults of Different Ages and Developmental Stages?

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs

Differences between the suicidal behavior of younger adults and the elderly are reviewed, and their implications for suicide prevention efforts examined. Elderly suicides use more lethal methods, are more often diagnosed with affective disorder and organic brain syndrome, and have experienced less recent stress than younger adults. It is concluded that psychiatric treatment of depression and restricting access to lethal methods for suicide are more useful tactics for suicide prevention programs in the elderly, and that crisis counseling from suicide prevention centers and educational programs are more useful in younger adults.

scholarly journals Plague: A natural history of Yersinia pestis

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Richard W. Titball
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
World Health ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The 19Th Century

Yersinia pestis is the aetiological agent of plague, a disease that has a place in history as one the major causes of death from the 14th to the 17th Centuries1. It is estimated that, during the Black Death pandemic, approximately 30% of the population of Europe died of plague, and so great in number were the corpses that, in many parts of Europe, the dead were placed in burial pits rather than receiving individual burials. Y. pestis has also been responsible for two other pandemics of disease. The first of these, the Justinian plague, occurred during the 1st Century. The third pandemic occurred during the latter part of the 19th Century and was confined mainly to South-East Asia1. Even today, several thousand cases of plague are reported to the World Health Organization each year, mainly from South-East Asia, the southwestern parts of the USA, Madagascar and Africa.

scholarly journals 25.L. Workshop: Suicide prevention: new insights?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs

Abstract Suicide is a major public health issue. Worldwide, about 800,000 people die by suicide each year. The global suicide mortality rate is estimated to be 10.5 deaths per 100,000 people. Suicide accounts for about 1.4% of all deaths globally. Suicide rates vary greatly between countries. About 80% of all suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Europe has an average suicide mortality rate of about 14 per 100,000 with a wide variation between countries. Many more men than women die by suicide. All ages in the population are affected, but rates clearly rise with increasing age, while it is the second leading cause of death among people aged 15 to 24 years. Suicide attempts, i.e. non-fatal suicidal behaviour, are estimated to be about 10 to 20 times more frequent than actual suicide. Scientific research identified various genetic, psychological, socio-economic, environmental and cultural factors contributing to suicidal behaviour. Suicide is then regarded as the result of a complex dynamic interaction between these factors, often described by explanatory models of suicide, such as the stress-diathesis, gene-environment, or bio psychosocial model. The high suicide rates, and the huge impact of suicide for the individual, the relatives and society as a whole urged to develop strategies to counter these risk factors, targeting an entire population, or some vulnerable groups such as persons who have suffered trauma or abuse, or specific vulnerable individuals such as suicide attempters. More and more countries structure and organise all these initiatives in national or regional suicide prevention programs. However, there is much discussion about the effectiveness of suicide prevention initiatives (scientific research showing evidence for the effectiveness of suicide prevention interventions is difficult and rather scarce), and often there is little communication on these programs between countries. By bringing together researchers and policy makers on this domain from different countries and background, this workshop aims to contribute to the scientific insight in this topic and to the improvement of an integrated and evidence-based suicide prevention policy. Eva Dumon, Gerdien Franx, and Saska Roskar will give us an overview of the national suicide prevention programs in their countries, respectively Belgium, the Netherlands and Slovenia. They will discuss the development, implementation and preliminary evaluation of the diverse initiatives. Dr. John Cachia point to the importance of taking into account the specific context of communities in the development and implementation of suicide prevention initiatives, and he shows how relevant clinical and public mental health data can be in this regard. And finally, Ulrich Hegerl will explain how systematic research on the on-going community based 4-level intervention program ('European Alliance against Depression') can add useful insights in suicide prevention strategies. Key messages Suicide is a major public health issue in many countries, and several national suicide prevention programs are developed and implemented. We need more cross-country communication, and sound scientific research about the content and effectiveness of the developed preventive initiatives.

International Practice of Provision of Guarantees for Implementation of Investment Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Mikhail Evgenievich KOSOV ◽  
Aleksandr Victorovich SIGAREV ◽  
Sergey Yuryevich POPKOV ◽  
Ksenia Valerievna EKIMOVA ◽  
Alexander Mikhailovich FEDOTOV
Keyword(s):  
Public Funding ◽  
International Standards ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
State Support ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

Subject. State support for the country's economy, especially the support for its high-tech sector, is of great importance during a crisis. State guarantees are also one of the key instruments of state support for investment activity in Russia. Significant successful practice of using this instrument has been accumulated in Canada, Spain, the Netherlands, the USA, Turkey, Sweden, and Chile. The world experience indicates that the implementation of projects as public-private partnerships (PPP) leads to the completion of the project on time and in accordance with its budget more often than when implementing the project based on public funding only. Goals. The study is aimed at analysis of the mechanism of state guarantees in foreign countries, the conditions and consequences of their provision. Methods. The research methods include a review of the scientific literature in this area, synthesis and analysis of the information obtained, as well as comparison, formalization, and specification. Results. The practical implementation of state guarantees in foreign countries has been analyzed in the study. The specifics and the possibility of applying the best practices in Russia have been revealed. Conclusion. The fiscal legislation of Russia includes a developed system for regulating the provision of guarantees and establishes the requirements for the application and accounting of state guarantees that are very conservative in accordance with international standards. The application of the world practice in the creation of guarantee agencies in order to support small and medium-sized enterprises can have a positive effect on business activities. The need to diversify directions for the provision of state guarantees with a view to balanced economic development must also be noted.

JS02-03 - Suicidology and suicide prevention

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2001-2001
Author(s):  
C. Haring
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
University Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs

Suicide is in Austria one of the most causes of death in the age group 15–54. World wide every year 1.000.000 of people die by suicide, in Europe the number of total suicide per year is 40.000, approxymately 13.500 young man and women aged 15–24 years die by suicide. Suicidology is a science which automatically leads to active work in prevention. Preventive strategies of the last two decades results in a marked decrease of Suicide rates in most countries of the world. However different preventive concepts seems to show similar results in reducing suicide rates. So it is not easy to identify the right way in suicide prevention. We analyzed the publications of the last years and tried to find out what are the characteristics approaches of the the countries with a successful suicide prevention. It seems that countries which istitutionalized suicide prevention by creating institutes on an university level had a good fundament for research and applied research is the best groundwork for establishing preventive projects. Applied research is as well the best ground base for establishing educational programs which are the start in all well functioning national suicide prevention programs.

scholarly journals Long-term youth suicide prevention programs can have sustained effects

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Sustained Effects ◽  
Prevention Act ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs

The Garrett Lee Smith (GLS) Memorial Suicide Prevention Act was passed in 2004 to address the public health issue of suicide in the USA. Since then, numerous programs have been funded via the GLS program to provide comprehensive, community-based suicide prevention programs to adolescents and emerging adults aged 10-24 years.

Feyerabend, Paul Karl (1924–94)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Williams
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Sextus Empiricus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

Feyerabend was an Austrian philosopher of science who spent most of his academic career in the USA. He was an early, persistent and influential critic of the positivist interpretation of science. Though his views have some affinities with those of Thomas Kuhn, they are in important ways more radical. Not only did Feyerabend become famous (or notorious) for advocating ’epistemological anarchism’ – the position that there is no such thing as scientific method, so that in advancing scientific research ‘anything goes’ – he also argued that the scientific outlook is itself just one approach to dealing with the world, an approach that is not self-evidently superior in all respects to other approaches. This radicalism led to his being widely attacked as an irrationalist though perhaps he might better be seen as a sceptic in the humane and tolerant tradition of Sextus Empiricus and Montaigne.

Examining trends in dementia incidence and prevalence using an age-period-cohort framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Kenneth M Langa ◽  
Eileen M Crimmins ◽  
Mark D Hayward
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Geriatric Condition ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Daily Function

Dementia, a decline in memory and cognition leading to disability in daily function, is a common and feared geriatric condition. Over the past decade, dementia has been the focus of increasing attention from researchers, clinicians, and policymakers due to the projected significant increase in the number of dementia cases expected to result from the worldwide growth in the elderly population. Given the growing evidence that late-life dementia risk likely results from the summation of risk and protective factors that individuals experience across the life course from birth (even pre-birth) through old age, an ‘age-period-cohort’ perspective which clarifies trends in dementia using each of these different lenses may help in identifying potential causal pathways that affect dementia risk. In this chapter, we review recent literature on trends in dementia incidence and prevalence in countries around the world, discuss hypothesized causes for those trends, and present new data on recent trends in dementia incidence and prevalence in the USA.

scholarly journals Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mussa Khan ◽  
Riaz Ahmad ◽  
Lloyd W. Fernald
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
World Ranking

Preference is given to the recently published scholarship in prominent journals and publishers. Secondary sources of data related to educational exchanges and its role in diplomacy have been extensively studied. It was observed that whether it's a small country or a major player in the international politics, educational exchanges and bursaries play a vital role in promoting its soft image in addition to culture and history to the foreign audience. Some of the famous providers of scholarships to international students include the USA, UK and China. While recent studies show that China is rising to be the top provider of educational scholarships and the Chinese universities are rapidly getting top positions in the world ranking of universities. Through such initiatives, China's policies are getting acceptance to a greater extent in foreign countries. This study is of high importance to complementary research.

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