Signs and symptoms of psychiatric disorders

Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry ◽

10.1093/med/9780199605613.003.0001 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Philip Cowen ◽

Paul Harrison ◽

Tom Burns

Keyword(s):

Effective Treatment ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Present State ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Symptoms And Signs

Chapter 1 is concerned with the definition of the key symptoms and signs of psychiatric disorders. Having elicited a patient’s symptoms and signs, the psychiatrist needs to decide how far these phenomena fall into a pattern that has been observed in other psychiatric patients. It covers whether the clinical features conform to a recognized syndrome by combining observations about the patient’s present state with information about the history of the condition. The value of identifying a syndrome is that it helps to predict prognosis and to select an effective treatment. It does this by directing the psychiatrist to the relevant body of accumulated knowledge about the causes, treatment, and outcome in similar patients.

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Signs and symptoms of psychiatric disorders

Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry ◽

10.1093/med/9780198747437.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul Harrison ◽

Philip Cowen ◽

Tom Burns ◽

Mina Fazel

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Prior Knowledge ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Mental State ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

The Subject ◽

Cardinal Symptoms ◽

State Examination ◽

Symptoms And Signs

‘Symptoms and signs of psychiatric disorders’ introduces psychiatry from the perspective of the clinical features that characterize and define its disorders, providing an essential first step in an understanding of the subject. The chapter starts with an introduction to psychopathology and an outline of the conceptual and practical issues involved. It then describes the cardinal symptoms of mental disorders, grouped according to the main headings used in a mental state examination. The chapter includes definitions of important and sometimes misunderstood terms, such as paranoia and delusions. The chapter is written from a practical perspective and assumes no prior knowledge of the subject.

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Metabolic syndrome in psychiatry: advances in understanding and management

Advances in Psychiatric Treatment ◽

10.1192/apt.bp.113.011619 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 101-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Cyrus S. H. Ho ◽

Melvyn W. B. Zhang ◽

Anselm Mak ◽

Roger C. M. Ho

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Learning Objectives ◽

List Type ◽

Type Number ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

SummaryMetabolic syndrome comprises a number of cardiovascular risk factors that increase morbidity and mortality. The increase in incidence of the syndrome among psychiatric patients has been unanimously demonstrated in recent studies and it has become one of the greatest challenges in psychiatric practice. Besides the use of psychotropic drugs, factors such as genetic polymorphisms, inflammation, endocrinopathies and unhealthy lifestyle contribute to the association between metabolic syndrome and a number of psychiatric disorders. In this article, we review the current diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome and propose clinically useful guidelines for psychiatrists to identify and monitor patients who may have the syndrome. We also outline the relationship between metabolic syndrome and individual psychiatric disorders, and discuss advances in pharmacological treatment for the syndrome, such as metformin.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Be familiar with the definition of metabolic syndrome and its parameters of measurement.•Appreciate how individual psychiatric disorders contribute to metabolic syndrome and vice versa.•Develop a framework for the prevention, screening and management of metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients.

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2011000600005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 751-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mariana Moscovich ◽

Felipe T.M. Nóvak ◽

Artur F. Fernandes ◽

Tatiana Bruch ◽

Tabita Tomelin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Event ◽

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Past Medical History ◽

History Of ◽

High Doses ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Gathering Data

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal adverse event associated with the use of antipsychotics (AP). The objective of this study was to investigate the profile of cases of NMS and to compare our findings with those published in similar settings. A series of 18 consecutive patients with an established diagnosis of NMS was analyzed, gathering data on demography, symptoms and signs. Two thirds of all cases involved woman with a past medical history of psychiatric disorder receiving relatively high doses of AP. The signs and symptoms of NMS episodes were similar to those reported in other series and only one case had a fatal outcome, the remaining presenting complete recovery. As expected, more than two thirds of our cases were using classic AP (68%), however the clinical profile of these in comparison with those taking newer agent was similar. Newer AP also carry the potential for NMS.

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Clinical and demographic characteristics of psychiatric patients seropositive for Borrelia burgdorferi

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.021 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 118-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T. Hájek ◽

J. Libiger ◽

D. Janovská ◽

P. Hájek ◽

M. Alda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Diagnostic Categories ◽

Potential Association ◽

History Of ◽

The Central Nervous System

AbstractPurpose.Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) infection can affect the central nervous system and possibly lead to psychiatric disorders. We compared clinical and demographic variables in Bb seropositive and seronegative psychiatric patients and healthy controls.Method.Nine hundred and twenty-six consecutive psychiatric patients were screened for antibodies to Bb and compared with 884 simultaneously recruited healthy subjects.Results.Contrary to healthy controls, seropositive psychiatric patients were significantly younger than seronegative ones. None of the studied psychiatric diagnostic categories exhibited stronger association with seropositivity. There were no differences between seropositive and seronegative psychiatric patients in hospitalization length, proportion of previously hospitalized patients and proportion of subjects with family history of psychiatric disorders.Conclusion.These findings elaborate on potential association between Bb infection and psychiatric morbidity, but fail to identify any specific clinical ‘signature’ of Bb infection.

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Terroir

Whites and Reds ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198784821.003.0002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-59

Author(s):

Stephen V. Bittner

Keyword(s):

Present State ◽

Essential Characteristic ◽

History Of

Chapter 1 follows the life and career of Mikhail Ballas, a Bessarabian nobleman and late-tsarist Russia’s most influential wine writer. In the early 1900s, Ballas received the prestigious Emperor Alexander IIII Prize in Viniculture for authoring a six-volume set, Winemaking in Russia, which laid out in exacting detail the history of winemaking in the tsarist empire, the present state of the industry, and the quality of wine it produced. Long before the idea of terroir emerged as the essential characteristic of fine wine, Ballas described something that resembled modern notions of terroir: the geographical and climatic diversity of empire, the vinicultural possibilities inherent in that diversity, and most important, the ways that human ingenuity and ecology intersected in unexpected ways in vineyards to produce fine wine.

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Introduction to Counseling Psychology and to the Current Volume

Specialty Competencies in Counseling Psychology ◽

10.1093/med:psych/9780195386448.003.0001 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Jairo N. Fuertes ◽

Arnold R. Spokane ◽

Elizabeth Holloway

Keyword(s):

Web Sites ◽

Counseling Psychology ◽

American Psychological Association ◽

The United States ◽

Professional Organizations ◽

History Of ◽

Complementary Nature ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Web

Chapter 1 provides a formal definition of counseling psychology, citing various though similar definitions that are found on the Web sites of professional organizations, including the Society of Counseling Psychology (Division 17 of the American Psychological Association) and the American Board of Counseling Psychology (the certifying board for counseling psychologists in the United States and Canada). It also offers five unifying themes whose interplay and complementary nature distinguish counseling psychology from other psychological specialties, the uniqueness of counseling psychology, a brief history of the specialty, the culture of competence, and the founding of the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP).

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Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Suspicion of Fascioliasis in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Southwestern Iran

Iranian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.18502/ijpa.v15i1.2530 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdolali MOSHFE ◽

Arash ARIA ◽

Najme ERFANI ◽

Ali JAMSHIDI ◽

Bahador SARKARI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Epigastric Pain ◽

Serological Test ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

History Of ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Background: In the current study, we described the epidemiological features, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of patients with suspicion of fascioliasis in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province in southwest of Iran. Methods: Overall, 56 patients with suspicion of fascioliasis, based on their clinical signs and symptoms that referred to Clinic of Internal Medicine in Yasuj city, from 2014 to 2016 were enrolled. Demographic data, history of eating aquatic local plants, the chief complains, and laboratory findings were recorded for each patient. Stool samples were obtained from each case for detection of Fasciola eggs. Moreover, blood samples were taken from each patient and evaluated for detection of anti-Fasciola antibodies by an indirect ELISA. Patients who defined as having fascioliasis were treated with triclabendazole and were followed for at least three months for clinical improvement. Results: Serological test was positive in 5 patients. Of these 5 cases, three cases had a history of ingesting raw aquatic vegetables. The main clinical signs and symptoms in positive cases were; abdominal pain (60%), epigastric pain (40%), anemia (60%), and dermal pruritus (20%). Hypereosinophilia was seen in all of 5 positive cases. No Fasciola egg was found in stool specimens of any of the patients. The fascioliasis cases were treated by triclabendazole and clinical symptoms disappeared in all of 5 cases. Conclusion: Our observation further confirmed Yasuj district as a human endemic area for fascioliasis in Iran. The study also highlighted the importance of clinical features together with eosinophilia, as key parameters, in the diagnosis of human fascioliasis. Clinicians need to be aware of this disease and should keep in mind fascioliasis when hypereosinophilia present in patients in such endemic areas.

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Tuberculosis Infection Could Mimic Malignant Lymphoma In F-18 FDG PET: A Case Report

Indonesian Journal of Cancer ◽

10.33371/ijoc.v14i4.711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

Ryan Yudistiro ◽

Ivana Dewi Mulyanto ◽

Febby Hutomo ◽

Daniel Chung ◽

Andree Kurniawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Recurrent Disease ◽

Neck Region ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Chop Regimen ◽

History Of

Introduction: Lymphoma and tuberculosis in several cases share similar clinical features that are difficult to differentiate. Lymphadenopathy, fever, malaise, weight loss, and respiratory symptoms are clinical features that could be found in both lymphoma and tuberculosis. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG PET) is a pivotal modality for imaging patients with cancer. Several non-malignant diseases like tuberculosis infection show high FDG uptake and lead to low specificity of F-18 FDG PET.Case Presentation: This case report describes a 55-year-old male patient with a history of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) who was suspected of having a recurrent disease. The patient has had a 6-month remission period after 6 cycles of R-CHOP regimen chemotherapy. He denied any known history of tuberculosis infection and HIV. F-18 FDG PET was performed to assess the extent of suspected lymphoma recurrent disease. F-18 FDG PET demonstrated multiple hypermetabolic bilateral neck region, mediastinum, and bilateral axilla lymphadenopathies. There were also multiple high FDG uptakes in the liver, mesocolon, and bones. The patient was suspected of having a lymphoma recurrent disease based on these findings. He underwent an excisional biopsy in the neck and was found to have lymphadenitis granulomatous disease from tuberculosis. Based on the histopathology finding, the patient received anti-tuberculosis drugs for 12 months and showed relief of signs and symptoms. F-18 FDG PET for anti-tuberculosis treatment evaluation revealed a complete metabolic response.Conclusion: Tuberculosis should be one of the differential diagnoses when a lymphoma recurrent disease is suspected. Clinical features, laboratory results, and imaging findings sometimes show similarities between lymphoma and tuberculosis. Histopathology evaluation is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis.

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The history of muscular dystrophy: a unique story

10.1093/med/9780199591473.003.0001 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Alan E. H. Emery ◽

Marcia L. H. Emery

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Protein Product ◽

Responsible Gene ◽

History Of ◽

Common Genetic Disorder

Chapter 1 discusses the history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a serious condition and the second most common genetic disorder in many countries. Its cause was unknown until relatively recently and there has been no effective treatment. However, the responsible gene and its protein product have now been identified and gene therapy is under serious consideration.

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