MO438STUDY OF IMMUNOLOGICAL STATUS IN PATIENT OF CKD IN PREDIALYSIS STAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komilakhon Olimkhonova
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Flow Cytofluorometry ◽  
Immunological Monitoring ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background and Aims It is known that inflammation is an important factor associated with the variability of the clinical picture in patients with chronic diseases. However, the question remains not completely clear: are immunological changes predictors of less stable control of the course of CKD. The aim of this study was a comprehensive assessment of the immunological status in patients with pre-dialysis stages of CKD. Method 80 patients (46 men and 36 women) with CKD in the outcome of nephropathies of diabetic and nondiabetic etiology, admitted to the Republican Medical Scientific and Practical Center for Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation, were examined. Chronic pyelonephritis without exacerbation was diagnosed in 31 patients, chronic glomerulonephritis - in 29, diabetic nephropathy - in 25 polycystic kidney disease - in 6 patients. Glomerular filtration was calculated based on serum creatinine concentration using the CKD-EPI formula (2011). A complex of immunological studies was performed. Immunotyping of lymphocytes was performed by flow cytofluorometry with the characterization of the main markers of immunocompetent cells. Results In patients with CKD, violations were observed in almost all links of immunological reactivity, first of all, a significant decrease in indicators of natural resistance (CD16 +, PS, PI) (p <0.05). The results of immunological monitoring showed a predominant violation of cellular defense mechanisms (CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +) (p <0.05), a multiple increase in inflammatory cytokines Il-4, TNF-α, IL-6 (p <0.05), in the absence of activation of humoral link and inadequacy of elimination mechanisms (CEC, p <0.05). Conclusion Our study showed that the immunological parameters were characterized by insufficient activation of the first line of defense of natural resistance, as well as specific mechanisms - an imbalance of the cellular and humoral links of immunity, hyperactivation of cytokine regulation in the absence of effector functions.

scholarly journals Fibrinolysis: A Primordial System Linked to the Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3406
Author(s):  
Robert L. Medcalf ◽  
Charithani B. Keragala
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Almost All

The fibrinolytic system provides an essential means to remove fibrin deposits and blood clots. The actual protease responsible for this is plasmin, formed from its precursor, plasminogen. Fibrin is heralded as it most renowned substrate but for many years plasmin has been known to cleave many other substrates, and to also activate other proteolytic systems. Recent clinical studies have shown that the promotion of plasmin can lead to an immunosuppressed phenotype, in part via its ability to modulate cytokine expression. Almost all immune cells harbor at least one of a dozen plasminogen receptors that allows plasmin formation on the cell surface that in turn modulates immune cell behavior. Similarly, a multitude of pathogens can also express their own plasminogen activators, or contain surface proteins that provide binding sites host plasminogen. Plasmin formed under these circumstances also empowers these pathogens to modulate host immune defense mechanisms. Phylogenetic studies have revealed that the plasminogen activating system predates the appearance of fibrin, indicating that plasmin did not evolve as a fibrinolytic protease but perhaps has its roots as an immune modifying protease. While its fibrin removing capacity became apparent in lower vertebrates these primitive under-appreciated immune modifying functions still remain and are now becoming more recognised.

scholarly journals THE USE OF BIOSTIMULANT FOR INCREASING THE BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF CHICKENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 800-812
Author(s):  
Ilgiz DOLININ ◽  
George BAZEKIN ◽  
Evgeny SKOVORODIN ◽  
Almaz SHARIPOV ◽  
Ivan CHUDOV
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters

Poultry farming holds a special place in ensuring the products that the consumers demand, it provides the population with essential food products,such as eggs and meat,that contain vital micro and macronutrients, proteins, lipids, and vitamins. Therefore, the issues of rational, economically feasible feeding of meat poultry, namely broiler chickens, are an urgent task. It is also essential to find effective methods of their application in order to correct the natural resistance and immune and biological reactivity of birds. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of the biological stimulant-Nucleostim on the growth and development of chickens, hematological, and immunological parameters of the blood of birds.This Biostimulant is a purified bovine spleen extract containing at least 1 mg / ml of low molecular weight peptides (nucleotides and nucleosides) formed as a result of autolysis, using dry whey and diatomite as fillers. Onthe application ofNucleostim, the gain in live weight of chickens was increased by 9.7%. At the end of the experiment, the livability of the chicks of the experimental group treated with Nucleostimcame up to 88%, compared with the 72% of the control group. The use of biostimulant had a stimulating effect on the liver of chickens confirmed by the research results presented in the article, as well as contributed to the development of the thymus in the setting of general dystrophy. Thus, it improved chicklivability and increased body weight gain. The biological stimulant-Nucleostim as an adaptogenic, anabolic, and immunostimulatory agent is promising for finding new drugs that improve the health and productivity of poultry.

scholarly journals Psychological Analysis of Reactive-Proactive Coping of Drug-Dependent Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
A.A. Bekhter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
External Support ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Drug Dependent

Difficulties in the rehabilitation and treatment of drug addicts are associated with the peculiarities of their behavior, which are a consequence of a change in their personality. The author conducted an empirical study on two groups of drug-dependent men with a combined form of drug addiction at the stage of treatment (n=30) and rehabilitation with a remission period of about a year (n=30); healthy male volunteers (n=30) acted as a control group. The study was conducted on the basis of the Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Khabarovsk Territory, Department of Medical Rehabilitation for people with drug addiction disorders in Khabarovsk. All men participating in the study had a higher education, a family, and the average age of all subjects was 32 ± 10.1 years. The study used: Kellerman-Plutchik's “Life style Index” methods (adapted by Wasserman L.I., Eryshev O.F., Klubova E.B. et al., 2005); coping test by Lazarus R. and Folkman S. (adapted by T.L. Kryukova, Kuftyak E.V., Zamishlyaeva M.S., 2005); questionnaire “Proactive coping behavior” Greenglass E., Schwarzer R. et al. (adapted by Belinskaya E.P., Vecherin A.V., Agadullina E.R., 2018). The main features of reactive-proactive coping in groups of drug addicts are defined: in the first group, coping is emotionally-oriented and cognitive-oriented in nature with a focus on social and emotional support, the protection mechanisms “denial”, “projection”, “substitution”, “intellectualization” prevail; in the second group, the intensity of avoidance strategies in combination with proactive overcoming without a focus on external support is identified, intellectual defenses are combined with strategies for reflective analysis. The main differences between the two groups of drug addicts are in the nature of the relationship between defense mechanisms and reactive-proactive coping strategies, in the variation of reactive strategies and their orientation, in the features of building proactive behavior. Understanding the features of reactive-proactive coping with drug addicts can greatly facilitate the work of a psychologist in remedial and rehabilitation activities with patients focused on life planning during remission.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation and Sulfinpyrazone Influence in Patients with Diseases of the Kidneys and Hypertension

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kirch ◽  
H. Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Plasmatic Coagulation ◽  
Spontaneous Aggregation ◽  
Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

In some diseases, particularly in diseases of the vessels, there is a spontaneous aggregation of platelets. So it was of interest, whether in patients with diseases of the kidneys and essential hypertension there is a frequent spontaneous aggregation as well. In addition, the effect of the antithrombotic substance sulfinpyrazone on platelet aggregation, on plasmatic coagulation and on clinical parameters, for instance on proteinuria, was to be investigated. In 47 patients with diseases of the kidneys or essential hypertension spontaneous platelet aggregation, thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and factor VIII were studied. Patients with spontaneous platelet aggregation were given 800 mg sulfinpyrazone daily for I to 6 months. In 15 of 16 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (serum creatinine 0,7-2,0 mg%) and 13 of 14 patients with a chronic pyelonephritis (serum creatinine 0,8–1,7 mg%) spontaneous platelet aggregation was found as well. So in almost all patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis a spontaneous aggregation was seen. The frequency of spontaneous platelet aggregation in patients with essential hypertension is likely to depend on the stage of hypertension. Spontaneous platelet aggregation did not return to normal in any of our patients on sulfinpyrazone and the substance had no influence on proteinuria, haematuria and leukocyturia in patients with diseases of the kidneys.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Adaptation Capacities of the Body Based on the Determination of the Natural Antibodies to the Endogenous Bioregulators

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. e00038
Author(s):  
M.A. Myagkova ◽  
S.N. Petrochenko ◽  
A.I. Levashova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Antibodies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Practical Recommendation ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Immunological Monitoring ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Relationship

A comparative analysis of natural antibodies to bioregulators of the excitation and inhibition nervous system (glutamate and GABA) was performed in serum of people with different types of physical activity. Immunological monitoring was done in three stages: on day 1 (stage 1), on day 14 (stage 2) and on day 28 of examination (stage 3). The study included individuals who were intensively engaged in certain kinds of sports (Greco-Roman wrestling, hockey) and volunteers, who normally practiced a set of health physical exercises. A significant increase in the level of natural antibodies to GABA and glutamate was found with an increase in the duration of exercise in the training process compared with the control group. For individuals involved in various sports activities, the relationship between the intensity of the loads and the immunological parameters was established. Practical recommendation for the application of the developed method for an estimation of adaptation possibilities of the organism at changing physical loadings is given.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN SOME PERIPHERAL BLOOD IMMUNE PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AMONG SERVICEMEN OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

ScienceRise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Pavlo Schmidt ◽  
Anatoliy Gulyuk
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Technological Product

The object of research: the state of chronic periodontitis among servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine remains extremely urgent. Therefore a group of servicemen with chronic periodontitis and its complications was taken. In addition, a control group of servicemen was used to compare the results. Investigated problem: in this article, the diagnosis was considered due to the use of immunological studies of peripheral blood of sick servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with chronic periodontitis, as well as its complications. The study of the features of immunological parameters in peripheral blood was performed. The main scientific results: according to the obtained data, there is a relative suppression of immunity among servicemen with chronic periapical infection compared with servicemen of the control group. According to our data, the main lymphocyte subpopulation of peripheral blood are CD8 and CD4 / CD8; CD19+(B-lymphocytes) and CD3-HLA+; CD4 and CD4 / CD8, which reflect inflammatory processes in the body. These indicators are closely interrelated. The area of practical use of the research results: these results of research can be applied to students’ training at stomatology faculties, in stomatology practice, to research into the immunological status of patients with chronic periodontitis and its complications. Innovative technological product: it is the first time the study of the immunological status of peripheral blood during chronic periapical infections among servicemen has been performed. Scope of the innovative technological product: this study can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis in dental practice, as well as in the research to compare the results of the immunological state of peripheral blood.

CrmA orthologs from diverse poxviruses potently inhibit caspases-1 and -8, yet cleavage site mutagenesis frequently produces caspase-1-specific variants

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (9) ◽  
pp. 1335-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Bloomer ◽  
Tanja Kitevska-Ilioski ◽  
Delara Pantaki-Eimany ◽  
Yanhao Ji ◽  
Mark A. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Cowpox Virus ◽  
Cleavage Reaction ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocyte ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Site Mutagenesis ◽  
Almost All

AbstractPoxviruses encode many proteins that enable them to evade host anti-viral defense mechanisms. Spi-2 proteins, including Cowpox virus CrmA, suppress anti-viral immune responses and contribute to poxviral pathogenesis and lethality. These proteins are ‘serpin’ protease inhibitors, which function via a pseudosubstrate mechanism involving initial interactions between the protease and a cleavage site within the serpin. A conformational change within the serpin interrupts the cleavage reaction, deforming the protease active site and preventing dissociation. Spi-2 proteins like CrmA potently inhibit caspases-1, -4 and -5, which produce proinflammatory cytokines, and caspase-8, which facilitates cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated target cell death. It is not clear whether both of these functions are equally perilous for the virus, or whether only one must be suppressed for poxviral infectivity and spread but the other is coincidently inhibited merely because these caspases are biochemically similar. We compared the caspase specificity of CrmA to three orthologs from orthopoxviruses and four from more distant chordopoxviruses. All potently blocked caspases-1, -4, -5 and -8 activity but exhibited negligible inhibition of caspases-2, -3 and -6. The orthologs differed markedly in their propensity to inhibit non-mammalian caspases. We determined the specificity of CrmA mutants bearing various residues in positions P4, P3 and P2 of the cleavage site. Almost all variants retained the ability to inhibit caspase-1, but many lacked caspase-8 inhibitory activity. The retention of Spi-2 proteins’ caspase-8 specificity during chordopoxvirus evolution, despite this function being readily lost through cleavage site mutagenesis, suggests that caspase-8 inhibition is crucial for poxviral pathogenesis and spread.

STATUS OF THE PARODONTIUM TISSUES IN THE CONDITIONS OF LONG-TERM ISOLATION INSIDE AN AIR-TIGHT MODULE

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
V.K. Ilyin ◽  
◽  
M.P. Rykova ◽  
E.N. Antropova ◽  
Z.O. Solovieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Oral Liquid

The comprehensive investigation of parodontium tissues of the participants in a 120-d isolation study imitating the artificial spacecraft environment was focused on anaerobic microbiota, immunological parameters of the oral liquid and blood flow velocity within the parodentium microcirculation (PMC). Subjects were 6 healthy people (3 males and 3 females) at the age of 29 to 45 years. Parodentium tissues were investigated 14 and 1 day prior to isolation, 3 times in isolation (every 30 days) and on days 1 and 7 after isolation. Qualitative composition of primary pathogens was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Concentration of oral immunoglobulins sIgA, IgA, IgМ was measured using the ELISA assay. Blood flow velocity was measured using high-frequency ultrasound Doppler. Our results showed an increase in the immunoglobulins on days 30 and 84 of isolation and subsequent reduction toward the end of the study. The participants were found to be careers of type-1 pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and type-2 pathogen Prevotella intermedia. Following isolation, linear indices of the arteriolar blood velocity grew reliably (p < 0.0007); the capillary blood velocity grew by 6.7 % relative to the pre-isolation baseline data. On day 7, capillary perfusion was noted to improve still further. The observed shifts in the local immunity and presence of pathogens point to deterioration of the parodontium defense mechanisms. It appears that activation of inflammatory processes in isolation and confinement remains probable.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of a Long-Acting Injectable Selenium Preparation Administered to Pregnant Ewes and Lambs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Stanisław Milewski ◽  
Przemysław Sobiech ◽  
Justyna Błażejak-Grabowska ◽  
Roman Wójcik ◽  
Katarzyna Żarczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Animal Care

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a long-acting selenium (Se) preparation administered to sheep. The experiment was conducted on 30 dams and 36 lambs divided into three equal groups of 10 dams and 12 lambs each: Control—C, and two experimental groups—E (Se administered to pregnant ewes) and EI (Se administered directly to lambs after the colostral period). The Se preparation (Barium Selenate Injection, BVP Animal Care, 50 mg/mL) was administered by injection at 1 mL/50 kg (1 mg Se/kg) body weight (BW) to group E ewes in the third month of pregnancy (between 70 and 90 days) and to group EI lambs between 4 and 7 days of age. The following parameters were determined: Se concentration in the blood of ewes, milk yield, milk composition, Se concentration in milk; hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters and Se concentration in the blood of lambs; growth rate and in vivo measurements of lean meat and fat content in lambs. Barium selenate significantly improved the Se status of dams and lambs, regardless of whether it was administered to pregnant ewes or directly to lambs in the first week of their life. The milk of ewes receiving the Se preparation was characterized by higher concentrations of fat and dry matter. The Se preparation induced significant changes in immunological parameters, thus enhancing defense mechanisms in lambs. The Se preparation exerted more stimulatory effects on humoral and cellular immune responses when administered directly to lambs after the colostral period (group EI) than to pregnant ewes (group E). The results of this study indicate that the long-acting Se preparation delivers benefits to sheep by boosting their immunity and, therefore, improving performance.

scholarly journals Influence of the innovative prebiotic complex on physiological state of pigs and quality indicators of pork

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Marina Slozhenkina ◽  
Ivan Gorlov ◽  
Alexei Miroshnik ◽  
Dmitriy Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Animal Diet ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents an analysis of the use of antibiotic therapy in pig breeding and offered an alternative to them in the form of prebiotic supplements. Studies were conducted on the effect of probiotic drugs on the body of large white pigs in the farm-breeding plant Named after Lenin of Surovikinsky District of Volgograd Region and lasted until 180 days of age. For the experiment, 2 groups of Large White piglets of 2 months of age were formed. Each experimental group consisted of 15 pigs. Animals of the control group received standart farm animal diet (SD), analogs of the first experimental group SD + mixture of dietary supplements “LactuVet-1” and “Chlorelact” at a dosage of 0.2 mg / kg of live weight each. Deep studies were conducted on the effect of probiotic supplements to live weight gain, natural resistance, immunoglobulin reactivity, and slaughter indicators of piglets. Superiority of pigs from the experimental group in almost all the studied indicators over the peers of the control group was established.

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