scholarly journals 1430. Novel Transmission of Burkholderia pseudomallei from a Freshwater Aquarium to a Human — Maryland, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S721-S721
Author(s):  
Patrick Dawson ◽  
Monique M Duwell ◽  
Ruth J Thompson ◽  
David A Crum ◽  
David Blythe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Retail Location ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Background Nearly all U.S. cases of melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, are associated with travel to endemic areas. In September 2019, a patient in Maryland with no international travel history developed melioidosis and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the patient’s clinical isolate showed it clustered most closely with isolates from Southeast Asia. CDC and Maryland Department of Health (MDH) investigated possible sources of B. pseudomallei exposure to identify the source and route of transmission and evaluate risk to others. Methods MDH interviewed the patient and household members during October–December 2019. In consultation with CDC, MDH conducted environmental sampling of the patient’s home including drains, faucets, potted and ground soil, imported products, and two freshwater aquariums. Samples were tested for B. pseudomallei at CDC by PCR and culture. B. pseudomallei isolates underwent WGS and were analyzed along with a reference panel of geographically diverse, publicly available genomes. Results Three environmental samples, all from aquarium #2, were positive for B. pseudomallei. These isolates matched the patient’s clinical isolate by WGS, suggesting the aquarium was the source of exposure. According to interviews, the patient set up both aquariums in July 2019 and all the fish in aquarium #2 died in August 2019. The patient recalled reaching her bare hands and arms into the aquarium in August 2019, one month prior to illness onset. Conclusion This investigation led to the first documentation of transmission of B. pseudomallei from a freshwater aquarium to a human. Many freshwater ornamental fish are imported from Southeast Asia, so this newly recognized transmission route may have significant implications for the freshwater aquatics trade. Further investigations are underway at the retail location that sold the fish and the commercial vendors that supplied the freshwater animals and plants imported from Southeast Asia. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals TOURISM AND VACCINE HESITANCY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Yuheng Zhu ◽  
Bettina Grün ◽  
Sara Dolnicar
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
The Future

Vaccine hesitancy is one of the main obstacles facing the tourism industry in its recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Many people are sceptical about the COVID-19 vaccine and decide not to get vaccinated. Our research aims to test the effectiveness of using travel-related incentives to overcome vaccine hesitancy. We investigate (1) whether travel-related beliefs and behaviours are associated with vaccination willingness, and (2) whether alerting people to travel-related freedoms linked to vaccination can increase vaccination willingness. Our results indicate that (1) there is a significant association between people’s international travel history, their desire to travel internationally in the future and vaccination willingness, and (2) this association cannot, however, be leveraged to further increase vaccination willingness as vaccine-related beliefs (safety and efficacy) are the primary drivers of vaccination willingness.

scholarly journals Melioidosis- Report of Two Cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Biswabikash Mohanty ◽  
◽  
Amitav Rath ◽  
Sidharth Sankar Sahoo ◽  
Sudhir Pattnaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Cerebral Abscess ◽  
Bacteremic Patient

Melioidosis which is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei occurs predominantly in Southeast Asia. Cases are now being reported from india as well. It can present with varying clinical manifestations like pneumonia, septicemia, arthritis, abscess etc. Neurologic meliodiosis, though rare can occur in upto 3-4% cases. Here we present two cases of melioidosis from Indian subcontinent, one involving central nervous system causing cerebral abscess and second one involving multiple splenic and liver abscess with bacteremia. First patient with cerebral abscess was managed with surgical debridement with antibiotics and discharged in a stable condition after 15 days while the bacteremic patient developed septic shock with mutiorgan failure and succumbed to death after 12 days of treatment

scholarly journals HL7 Terminology Management for Disease Surveillance

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Roberts ◽  
Theron Jeppson ◽  
Rachelle Boulton ◽  
Josh Ridderhoff
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Message Structure ◽  
Set Up

Objective: The objective of this abstract is to illustrate how the Utah Department of Health processes a high volume of electronic data. We do this by translating what reporters send within an HL7 message into "epidemiologist" language for consumption into our disease surveillance system.Introduction: In 2013, the Utah Department of Health (UDOH) began working with hospital and reference laboratories to implement electronic laboratory reporting (ELR) of reportable communicable disease data. Laboratories utilize HL7 message structure and standard terminologies such as LOINC and SNOMED to send data to UDOH. These messages must be evaluated for validity, translated, and entered into Utah’s communicable disease surveillance system (UT-NEDSS), where they can be accessed by local and state investigators and epidemiologists. Despite the development and use of standardized terminologies, reporters may use different, outdated versions of these terminologies, may not use the appropriate codes, or may send local, home-grown terminologies. These variations cause problems when trying to interpret test results and automate data processing. UDOH has developed a two-step translation process that allows us to first standardize and clean incoming messages, and then translate them for consumption by UT-NEDSS. These processes allow us to efficiently manage several different terminologies and helps to standardize incoming data, maintain data quality, and streamline the data entry process.Methods: UDOH uses the Electronic Message Staging Area (EMSA) to receive ELR messages, manage terminologies such as LOINC and SNOMED, translate messages, and automatically enter laboratory data into UT-NEDSS. LOINCs and other terms, such as facility name, sent by reporting facilities in an HL7 message are considered child terms. All child terms are mapped to a master LOINC or term and each master LOINC or term is mapped to a specific value within UT-NEDSS. In EMSA, the rules engine used for automated processing of electronic data is set to run at the master level and these rules will determine how the message is processed. No rules are set up or run on child terms.Results: As of 09/20/2017, EMSA contains 2,613 unique child LOINCs that are mapped to 906 master LOINCs. Those 906 master LOINCs are mapped to 179 UT-NEDSS test types and 2003 child facility names are mapped to 1043 master facility namesConclusions: Mapping child terminologies from an HL7 message to a master vocabulary helps us to standardize incoming data, allows us to accept non-standard terminologies and correct reporting errors. Translating this data into a format that is understandable to epidemiologists and investigators enables UT-NEDSS to work effectively in identifying outbreaks and improving health outcomes. This framework is working for ELR and will continue to grow and accept more data and the different terminologies that come with that.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators to COVID-19 screening at Jaipur International Airport, India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Mantri ◽  
Nitin Kumar Joshi ◽  
Pankaj Bhardwaj ◽  
Akhil Dhanesh Goel ◽  
Manoj Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Department ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Organization Behavior ◽  
Travel History ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background:Airports pose a possible threat in facilitating global disease transmission within the community which may be prevented by rigorous systematic entry-exit screening. With the aim to capture the perception of stakeholders associated with COVID-19 on barriers and facilitators of airport screening at Jaipur International Airport. Also, to assess key outcomes viz. total passengers screened, suspected cases, & confirmed cases.Methods:An inductive-deductive mix-method thematic analysis was conducted to capture qualitative data of key stakeholders. Additionally, quantitative data was obtained from the Rajasthan Medical & Health Department team deployed for COVID-19 airport screening.Results:Jaipur International Airport screened 4565 passengers (Males=4073 and Females=492) with 23 suspected cases during an outlined period of declaration of Pandemic to Lockdown in India (11th to 24th March 2020). Total 65 passengers had travel history from China (3 from Wuhan). The mean average age of passengers was 40.95 ± 7.8 years. The average screening time per passenger was 2-3 minutes with a load of 25-90 passengers per team per flight. Fishbone analysis of screening challenges revealed poor cooperation of passengers, masking symptoms, apprehension, and stigma related to quarantine. Moreover, inadequate human resources and changing guidelines overburdened healthcare providers. But, perception of risk, and social responsibility of travelers together with supportive organization behavior act as facilitators. Overall, groundwork on airport screening was insightful to propose key action areas for screening.Conclusions:Globally, COVID-19 has an impact on health infrastructure and international travel. International coordination with streamlined screening will go a LONG way in virus containment.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of a Burkholderia pseudomallei Clinical Isolate from a Patient with Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Septicemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay ◽  
K. E. Vandana ◽  
T. A. K. Chaitanya ◽  
Tushar Shaw ◽  
H. Vinod Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Coding Sequences

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Burkholderia pseudomallei CM_Manipal, the causative agent of melioidosis isolated from a diabetic patient in Manipal, southern India. The draft genome consists of 107 contigs and is 7,209,157 bp long. A total of 5,600 coding sequences (CDSs), 60 tRNAs, 12 rRNAs, and one noncoding RNA (ncRNA) were predicted from this assembly.

The supra-regional assay service

1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Keyword(s):  
Financial Aid ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Set Up

Advances in biochemistry have made possible new clinically useful assays of hormones, proteins, drugs and vitamins. However, many of these are often outside the scope of routine hospital laboratories because they are infrequently used, technically complex or expensive. In 1971 the Department of Health (DHSS) set up working parties to advise how these analyses could best be provided and as a result of their recommendations a number of Supra-Regional Assay Centres has been established in England and Wales. These are based on existing laboratories with expertise in the appropriate techniques and they receive financial aid from the DHSS to help them provide the expanded service. They are a ‘third tier’ in the laboratory services, complementing the assay services already available at local and regional laboratories.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of the First South Korean Clinical Isolate of Burkholderia pseudomallei , H0901

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Woo Shin ◽  
Myung-Min Choi ◽  
Jeong-Hoon Chun ◽  
Jae-Yon Yu ◽  
Dae-Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Korean

ABSTRACT We report here the draft genome sequence of Burkholderia pseudomallei H0901. This strain was isolated in 2003 from the first melioidosis patient in South Korea.

scholarly journals Zika among international travellers presenting to GeoSentinel sites, 2012–2019: implications for clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M Angelo ◽  
Rhett J Stoney ◽  
Gaelle Brun-Cottan ◽  
Karin Leder ◽  
Martin P Grobusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Large Decline

Abstract Introduction International travellers contribute to the rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its sentinel identification globally. We describe ZIKV infections among international travellers seen at GeoSentinel sites with a focus on ZIKV acquired in the Americas and the Caribbean, describe countries of exposure and traveller characteristics, and assess ZIKV diagnostic testing by site. Methods Records with an international travel-related diagnosis of confirmed or probable ZIKV from January 2012 through December 2019 reported to GeoSentinel with a recorded illness onset date were included to show reported cases over time. Records from March 2016 through December 2019 with an exposure region of the Americas or the Caribbean were included in the descriptive analysis. A survey was conducted to assess the availability, accessibility and utilization of ZIKV diagnostic tests at GeoSentinel sites. Results GeoSentinel sites reported 525 ZIKV cases from 2012 through 2019. Between 2012 and 2014, eight cases were reported, and all were acquired in Asia or Oceania. After 2014, most cases were acquired in the Americas or the Caribbean, a large decline in ZIKV cases occurred in 2018–19. Between March 2016 and December 2019, 423 patients acquired ZIKV in the Americas or the Caribbean, peak reporting to these regions occurred in 2016 [330 cases (78%)]. The median age was 36 years (range: 3–92); 63% were female. The most frequent region of exposure was the Caribbean (60%). Thirteen travellers were pregnant during or after travel; one had a sexually acquired ZIKV infection. There was one case of fetal anomaly and two travellers with Guillain-Barré syndrome. GeoSentinel sites reported various challenges to diagnose ZIKV effectively. Conclusion ZIKV should remain a consideration for travellers returning from areas with risk of ZIKV transmission. Travellers should discuss their travel plans with their healthcare providers to ensure ZIKV prevention measures are taken.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of a Rare Israeli Clinical Isolate of Burkholderia pseudomallei

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Israeli ◽  
Inbar Cohen-Gihon ◽  
Tal Brosh-Nissimov ◽  
Shay Weiss ◽  
Anat Zvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Highly Virulent

We report here the draft genome sequence of Burkholderia pseudomallei MAA2018. This highly virulent strain was isolated in 2018 from the first melioidosis case in Israel associated with recreational travel to Goa, India.

Change and Continuity in Southeast Asian Studies

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth McVey
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Southeast Asian Studies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Third World

Forty-odd years ago, when I became involved in the study of Southeast Asia, it appeared to be a new region, struggling to assert itself in the political world from the lingering ties of colonialism and in the academic world from those who would absorb it in the empires of Further India or the Far East. The centre of this new field of study was indisputably the United States, where in the 1950s and early 1960s Southeast Asia programmes were set up as part of the great expansion of regional studies funded by the US government and foundations. Their guiding assumption was that the interests of America and what would become known as the Third World were compatible and that sympathetic knowledge would aid in bringing about progress towards modernity as envisioned in the American dream.

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