1311. Population-based Mortality Rates of Clinical Syndromes Potentially Associated with Pneumococcal Disease in Argentina from 2008-2018

Abstract Background In 2012, the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for children < 2 years was introduced in the Argentinean National Immunization Program (NIP) with sustained coverage >80% since then. The 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) has been available for ≥65 years and at-risk populations in NIP since 2001 and in 2017, it was replaced by the sequential regimen(PCV13/PPSV23). The 2013 National Survey of Risk Factors estimated a coverage of 23.1% for ≥65 years and 16.2% for at-risk populations. We evaluated mortality rates of clinical syndromes potentially associated with pneumococcal disease (PPD)in a 10-year period by age groups, before (2008-2011) and after childhood PCV introduction (2013-2018) in the NIP in Argentina. Methods All-age death cases related to clinical syndromes PPD were obtained from Dirección de Estadísticas e Información de la Salud between 2008-2018. ICD-10 codes were used to define PPD: pneumonia (J13-J18) and invasive disease (sepsis – A.40.*, A41.*, A49.*; meningitis – G00.*, G03.9; and other - M00.1, J86.*, J90-J91, B95.3). The yearly mortality rate was calculated per 100,000 people, estimated by the national census, and stratified by age groups. The percentage of change was the difference between the average rate in the pre (2008-2011) and post-vaccination (2013-2018) periods. Results In total, 65,947 deaths due to pneumonia (56.7%) and invasive disease (43.3%) occurred from 2008 and 2018. In the younger age groups (< 1, 1-4, 5-17), a 44% reduction was seen in both invasive disease and pneumonia compared to pre-childhood vaccination period, mainly in infants (from 22.2 to 10.2 per 100,000 people). In adult population, a less pronounced reduction was noted in mortality by invasive disease, however an inverse trend occurred in pneumonia in the age groups 18-49 years, 50-59 years, and 60-69 years, from 1.9 to 2.1 (7%), 9.3 to 10.2 (10%) and 18.3 to 19.2 (5%) per 100,00 people, respectively (Fig 1). Mortality rate change (%) pre and post- pneumococcal childhood introduction Figure 1. Mortality rate change (%) of clinical syndromes potentially associated with pneumococcal disease before (2008-2011) and after infant vaccination introduction (2013-2018) in Argentina. Conclusion Mortality rates declined mostly for infants, and despite the differences observed for the older population, it remains significant. Evaluation of mortality trends are key for decision-making process on current and future prevention strategies using pneumococcal vaccines. Disclosures Norberto Giglio, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp (Consultant)Pfizer (Other Financial or Material Support, Speaker)Sanofi (Other Financial or Material Support, Speaker)SEQUIRUS (Other Financial or Material Support, Speaker) Marina Gabriela Birck, n/a, IQVIA (Independent Contractor) Guilherme Julian, BSc, MSc, iQVIA (Independent Contractor) Virginia Verdaguer Babic, MD, MSD Argentina (Employee) Cintia Parellada, MD, PhD, MSD Brazil (Employee, Shareholder)

Download Full-text

Age and marital status predictors of binge alcohol use among adults with major depressive episode

10.31234/osf.io/e7w6y ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Areen Omary

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Marital Status ◽

Depressive Episode ◽

Major Depressive Episode ◽

Age Groups ◽

Future Research ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Never Married ◽

At Risk Populations

Aims: This study aims to examine if age and marital status can predict the risk for binge alcohol use (BAU) among adults with a major depressive episode (MDE). Methods: Data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) 2018 National Survey for Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were analyzed. The unweighted sample included 6,999 adults representing a weighted population size of 33,900,452.122 in the US. Results and Conclusions: The findings of this retrospective research confirmed that age and marital status significantly predicted BAU in the past month among adults with MDE. Adults with MDE at higher risk for BAU were adults under the age of 50, adults who were never married, and adults who were divorced/separated. Special attention must be paid to those in age groups under 50, never married, and have been separated/divorced who are particularly at-risk for future alcohol abuse. Future research should consider examining additional potential confounders for BAU among other at-risk populations.

Download Full-text

Outcome in an Urban Pediatric Trauma System with Unified Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Care

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00041601 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Michael J. VanRooyen ◽

Edward P. Sloan ◽

John A. Barrett ◽

Robert F. Smith ◽

Hernan M. Reyes

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Trauma Center ◽

Pediatric Trauma ◽

Trauma System ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Trauma Centers ◽

Field Triage ◽

Pediatric Trauma Center

AbstractHypothesis:Pediatric mortality is predicted by age, presence of head trauma, head trauma with a low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, a low Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), and transport directly to a pediatric trauma center.Population:Studied were 1,429 patients younger than 16 years old admitted to or declared dead on arrival (DOA) in a pediatric trauma center from January through October, 1988. The trauma system, which served 3-million persons, included six pediatric trauma centers.Methods:Data were obtained by a retrospective review of summary statistics provided to the Chicago Department of Health by the pediatric trauma centers.Results:Overall mortality was 4.8% (68 of 1429); 32 of the patients who died (47.1%) were DOA. The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.6%. Head injury was the principal diagnosis in 46.2% of admissions and was a factor in 72.2% of hospital deaths. The mortality rate was 20.3% in children with a GCS≤10 and 0.4% when the GCS was >10 (odds ratio [OR] = 67.0, 95% CI = 15.0–417.4). When the PTS was ≤ 5, mortality was 25.6%; with a PTS > 5, the mortality was 0.2% (OR = 420.7, 95% CI = 99.3–2,520). Although transfers to a pediatric trauma center accounted for 73.6% of admissions, direct field triage to a pediatric trauma center was associated with a 3.2 times greater mortality risk (95% CI = 1.58–6.59). Mortality rates were equal for all age groups. Pediatric trauma center volume did not influence mortality rates.Conclusions:Head injury and death occur in all age groups, suggesting the need for broad prevention strategies. Specific GCS and PTS values that predict mortality can be used in emergency medical services (EMS) triage protocols. Although the high proportion of transfers mandates systemwide transfer protocols, the lower mortality in these patients suggests appropriate EMS field triage. These factors should be considered as states develop pediatric trauma systems.

Download Full-text

Treatment of cyanotic heart diseases in children

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh04s1009j ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

Ida Jovanovic ◽

Vojislav Parezanovic ◽

Slobodan Ilic ◽

Djordje Hercog ◽

Milan Vucicevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Arterial Switch Operation ◽

Open Heart Surgery ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Cyanotic Heart Disease

Cyanotic heart diseases are relatively rare, but they are severe and heterogeneous congenital heart diseases, which require complex surgery. Development of different advanced surgical procedures, such as arterial switch operation (ASO), Fontan and its modifications, Norwood etc. operations, as well as better perioperative care significantly improved survival rate and quality of life of these children. The study group included 308 children treated for cyanotic heart disease in Yugoslavia, in the period January 2000 to July 2004. Some of them (239, 77.6%) were treated at the University Children?s Hospital in Belgrade, and others (69, 22.4%) in different institutions abroad. The age of the operated patients varied between 1 day and 19 years (median 12 months). The patients (pts) were divided into four groups, according to the disease and type of the operation. In the whole group of 308 patients treated due to cyanotic heart disease, there were 232 (75.3%) cases with open heart surgery and 76 (24.7%) with closed procedures. The mortality rate was significantly different between disease/operation groups, and age groups. Average mortality rates differed from 11.8% for palliative procedures to 12.5% for complete corrections. Mortality rate and achieved surgical results in treatment of chil?dren with cyanotic heart diseases were significantly worse than those published by leading cardiac surgery centers in the world. However, there is a clear tendency in introducing new surgical procedures, lowering the age at which the operation is done and decreasing the mortality rates.

Download Full-text

Mortality from endometrial cancer in female population of Belgrade

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0403267p ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 267-272

Author(s):

Vesna Pantovic ◽

Mirjana Jarebinski ◽

Tatjana Pekmezovic ◽

Anita Knezevic ◽

Darija Kisic

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Decline ◽

Female Population ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Standardized Mortality Rate

Data about mortality from malignant tumors of endometrium were analyzed in the Belgrade area during the period 1975-2000. The obtained results showed that the average percentage of endometrial cancer in mortality structure from all the cancers of female population was 2.65%. During the observed 26-years period, malignant tumors of endometrium constituted 17.38% of all the tumors of gynecological localization. The standardized mortality rate in 1975 (population worldwide used as a standard) 7.06/100 000 population while in 2000 it was 1.78/100 000 population, respectively, which showed almost fourfold mortality decline during the observed period (y=4.72-0.16x). A trend of declining risk of dying from endometrial cancer was present in all the age groups. The obtained results indicated that in the observed period the average mortality rates ranged from 0.14/100 000 population in females aged up to 34 years (y=0.30-0.01x), and reached the highest value in females aged 65-74 years (14.57/100 000; y=23.43-0.66x), and 75 years of age and over (19.62/100 000; y=31.17-0.85x).

Download Full-text

Characteristics of mortality in the Orenburg region population in 2011-2017

Science and Innovations in Medicine ◽

10.35693/2500-1388-2020-5-2-99-104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 99-104

Author(s):

Evgenii L. Borschuk ◽

Dmitrii N. Begun ◽

Tatyana V. Begun

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Age Groups ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Female Population ◽

Orenburg Region ◽

The Third ◽

Circulatory System Diseases ◽

External Causes

Objectives - to study the mortality indicators, their dynamics and structure, in the population of the Orenburg region in the period of 2011-2017. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the data from the territorial authority of statistics in the Orenburg region in the period from 2011 to 2017. The analytical, demographic and statistical methods were implemented for the study of the demographic indicators. Results. Cities and municipal settlements of the Orenburg region with high mortality indicators were included in the second and fourth clusters during the cluster analysis. The first and third clusters included cities and municipal settlements with an average mortality. The most favorable position has the Orenburg area with the lowest mortality rate in the region in 2017 - 8.4%. The dynamics of mortality rates among the male and female population tends to decrease, more pronounced dynamics is in men. Though, the male population is characterized by higher mortality rates in all age groups. The leading position among the causes of death is taken by diseases of the circulatory system (46.3% of the total mortality). The second position is occupied by tumors (17.2%), the third - by external causes (8.4%). Mortality from circulatory system diseases and from external causes has reduced. The dynamics of mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The rank of leading causes of death is not identical in the clusters: in the third and fourth clusters, the other causes occupy the second place in the structure of mortality, while tumors occupy the third. Conclusion. In the Orenburg region, the mortality rate is higher than overage in the Russian Federation by 0.9 per 1000 people. The study revealed significant territorial differences in the mortality rates. In general, the mortality among men in all age groups is higher than the mortality of women. The mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system plays the leading role in the structure of mortality, but has the tendency for decline. Until 2006, the mortality from external causes ranked the second place, now the second place is taken by death from tumors The mortality from external causes is decreasing; mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The obtained results could be used by local authorities in developing the program of public health protection and assessing its effectiveness.

Download Full-text

Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland, 1988–99

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268801006586 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 128 (2) ◽

pp. 139-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M. H. KYAW ◽

S. CLARKE ◽

I. G. JONES ◽

H. CAMPBELL

Keyword(s):

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Influenza Activity ◽

The Mean ◽

Pneumococcal Bacteraemia ◽

Using Data

A review of the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland was carried out using data from laboratory-based systems during the period 1988–99. This comprised 5456 (90·8%) isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood, 467 (7·8%) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 84 (1·4%) from other sterile sites. The mean annual incidence of invasive disease was 9·8/105 population (9·0/105 for bacteraemia and 0·8/105 for meningitis). Invasive disease was highest in children <2 years of age and in the elderly [ges ]65 years (44·9/105 and 28·4/105 population in these age groups respectively). The highest incidence of pneumococcal meningitis, 11·8/105 persons occurred in children <2 years of age. Males had a higher incidence of pneumococcal bacteraemia and meningitis than females (male[ratio ]female = 1·2[ratio ]1 for bacteraemia (RR = 1·17, 95% CI 1·11, 1·24) and 1·5[ratio ]1 for meningitis (RR = 1·41, 95% CI 1·18, 1·70)). Pneumococcal disease was highest in winter periods and coincided with influenza activity. The proportion of penicillin and erythromycin non-susceptible isolates increased from 4·2% in 1992 to 12·6% in 1999 and from 5·6% in 1994 to 16·3% in 1999 respectively. Our data confirm the substantial and increasing disease burden from pneumococcal disease and rise in prevalence of antibiotic non-susceptibility among pneumococci in Scotland. Continued surveillance of groups at increased risk for pneumococcal disease and the antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of isolates are important to develop appropriate policies for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in Scotland.

Download Full-text

COVID-19 mortality across selected states in India: the role of age structure.

10.1101/2021.07.18.21259093 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Jainul Azarudeen ◽

Tanzin Dikid ◽

Karishma Kurup ◽

Khyati Aroskar ◽

Himanshu Chauhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Age Structure ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Economic Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Health System Intervention ◽

Indirect Standardization ◽

Standardized Mortality Rate

Background Mortality rates provide an opportunity to identify and act on the health system intervention for preventing deaths. Hence, it is essential to appreciate the influence of age structure while reporting mortality for a better summary of the magnitude of the epidemic. Objectives We described and compared the pattern of COVID-19 mortality standardized by age between selected states and India from January to November 2020. Methods We initially estimated the Indian population for 2020 using the decadal growth rate from the previous census (2011). This was followed by estimations of crude and age-adjusted mortality rate per million for India and the selected states. We used this information to perform indirect standardization and derive the age-standardized mortality rates for the states for comparison. In addition, we derived a ratio for age-standardized mortality to compare across age groups within the state. We extracted information regarding COVID-19 deaths from the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme special surveillance portal up to November 16, 2020. Results The crude mortality rate of India stands at 88.9 per million population(118,883/1,337,328,910). Age-adjusted mortality rate (per million) was highest for Delhi (300.5) and lowest for Kerala (35.9).The age-standardized mortality rate (per million) for India is (<15 years=1.6, 15-29 years=6.3, 30-44 years=35.9, 45-59 years=198.8, 60-74 years=571.2, & ≥75 years=931.6). The ratios for age-standardized mortality increase proportionately from 45-59 years age group across all the states. Conclusion There is high COVID-19 mortality not only among the elderly ages, but we also identified heavy impact of COVID-19 on the working population. Therefore, we recommend further evaluation of age-adjusted mortality for all States and inclusion of variables like gender, socio-economic status for standardization while identifying at-risk populations and implementing priority public health actions. Keywords COVID-19, Mortality, Age Standardized Mortality Rate, Indirect Standardization.

Download Full-text

Mortality of the population of the Komi Region at the end of the – XIX beginning of the XX century: age composition

Historical demography ◽

10.19110/2304-5922-2021-1-11-14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

D.V. Vishnyakova ◽

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Age Composition ◽

Younger Age ◽

Significant Concentration

The article describes some mortality rates of the population of the Komi Region in the late XIX-early XX century. The age composition of the deceased is revealed, with a distribution by gender. During the studied time, mortality was characterized by a significant concentration in younger age groups. The mortality rate of children under the age of five years averaged 55–70 % of the total number of deaths in the region.

Download Full-text

Total knee arthroplasty reduces the risk of mortality in osteoarthritis patients up to 12 years: A Korean national cohort longitudinal follow-up study

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2309499020902589 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 230949902090258

Author(s):

Hyo Geun Choi ◽

Bong Cheol Kwon ◽

Joong Il Kim ◽

Joon Kyu Lee

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Control Group ◽

Circulatory Disease ◽

Total Knee

Introduction: Mortality rates and causes of death after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are of great interest to surgeons. However, there is a shortage of studies regarding those of the Asian population. The aim of this study was to compare the mortality rate and causes of death in patients after TKA to the general population. Methods: National sample cohort data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service were used. In this study, 1:4 matched patients after TKA (TKA group: 5072) and general participants (control group: 20,288) were selected as subjects. Their average follow-up duration was 57.2 months ranging from a year up to 12 years. The matches were processed for age, gender, income, region of residence, and past medical history. Mortality rates and causes of death were compared between groups. Regarding the mortality rates, we also performed subgroup analyses according to age. Results: Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of the TKA group for mortality rate was less than 1 with significance (adjusted HR = 0.61 (95% confidence interval = 0.54–0.70, p < 0.001)). The ratios were less than 1 for both age groups (<70 and ≥70 years), respectively; however, for patients under 70, they were insignificant. Among the 11 major causes of death, the circulatory disease showed the most significantly reduced mortality rate for the TKA group compared to the control group. The neoplasm was the only other cause with a significantly reduced mortality rate for the TKA group. Conclusion: The mortality rate in the TKA group was significantly lower than in the control group up to 12 years after the surgery in Korea. Among the major causes of death, circulatory disease and neoplasm showed a significant reduction in the mortality rate of the TKA group compared with the control group.

Download Full-text

Trends in the drowning mortality rate in Iran

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043225 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 351-359

Author(s):

Pegah Derakhshan ◽

Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam ◽

Soheil Saadat ◽

Ali Ghanbari ◽

Nazila Rezaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Global Burden ◽

Data Set ◽

Time Period ◽

Males And Females ◽

Disease Study ◽

Death By Drowning ◽

Burden Of Diseases

ObjectiveThe WHO estimates the global incidence of death by drowning to be about 300 000 cases per year. The objective of this study was to estimate the trend in mortality due to drowning in all provinces of Iran in all age groups and both genders from 1990 to 2015.Study designThe National and Subnational Burden of Diseases (NASBOD) project is a comprehensive project in Iran. It is based on the Global Burden of Disease study and includes novel methods to estimate the burden of diseases in Iran.MethodsThis study used the results of the mortality rate due to drowning as part of NASBOD and investigated the causes behind the mortality rates. The data set recorded mortality rates by 19 age groups and two genders with the corresponding subnational pattern during the time period from 1990 to 2015.ResultsThe drowning mortality rate decreased in Iran from 1990 to 2015. From 1990 to 2015, the annual percentage change for males and females was −5.28% and −10.73%, respectively. There were 56 184 male and 21 589 female fatalities during the study period. The highest number of deaths was seen in 1993 with 4459, and the lowest number of fatalities was observed in 2015 with 903 deaths.ConclusionOur data showed a decline in drowning mortality in Iran from 1990 to 2015, but the rates and declines varied by province. Our findings are of great importance to health officials and authorities in order to further reduce the burden of drowning.

Download Full-text