scholarly journals 869. Evaluation of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic De-Escalation in Patients with Health-Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) and No Microbiological Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S23-S24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Twisha S Patel ◽  
Lindsay Petty ◽  
Anna Conlon ◽  
Gregory Eschenauer ◽  
Daniel Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Clinical Instability ◽  
Health Care Associated Pneumonia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Broad-spectrum (BS) antibiotics directed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are commonly used for health-care associated pneumonia (HCAP) treatment. Many patients with HCAP do not have a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic de-escalation on clinical outcomes in patients with HCAP without a microbiological diagnosis. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of adult, non-ICU, medical patients hospitalized with HCAP between January 2016 and February 2018 at 46 Michigan hospitals. Exclusions included extrapulmonary infection, severe immune suppression, or clinical instability on day 4. Included patients: (1) lacked any positive culture (blood/sputum); (2) started on empiric anti-P. aeruginosa and anti-MRSA therapy by hospital day 2; (3) switched to a narrow-spectrum (NS) regimen (no anti-P. aeruginosa or anti-MRSA coverage) or maintained on BS antibiotics (anti-P. aeruginosa ± anti-MRSA) by therapy day 4 (Figure 1). Mortality, readmission, Clostridium difficile infection, and adverse events from antibiotics were compared between the BS and NS groups. Data were analyzed using logistic generalized estimating equation models and inverse probability of treatment weighting. Results Of 363 patients with HCAP included, 73 (20%) were switched to an NS regimen. Of 290 patients maintained on anti-PSA BS regimens, 47.6% also continued anti-MRSA therapy. The median age was 72 (IQR, 61–81) and Charlson comorbidity index was 4 (IQR, 2–6) of the entire cohort. Baseline characteristics were similar between BS and NS groups, except more patients had chronic kidney disease in the BS group. On multivariable analysis, no other baseline factors were found to be associated with use of BS antibiotics on day 4. Both total and IV antibiotic duration were longer in the BS group (10 vs. 8 days, P = 0.002, and 4 vs. 3 days, P < 0.001, respectively). On adjusted analysis, there were no differences in patient outcomes (Figure 2). Conclusion Among patients with HCAP started on empiric MRSA and PSA coverage without microbiological diagnosis, clinical outcomes were similar in patients switched to an NS antibiotic and those maintained on BS antibiotics. Our findings suggest a potential role for antimicrobial stewardship in promoting antibiotic de-escalation in this population. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Outcomes of Health Care–Associated Pneumonia Empirically Treated with Guideline-Concordant Regimens Versus Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guideline–Concordant Regimens for Patients Admitted to Acute Care Wards from Home

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny I Chen ◽  
Leonard N Slater ◽  
George Kurdgelashvili ◽  
Khawaja O Husain ◽  
Chris A Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Pneumonia Severity Index ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Empiric Antibiotics ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Health Care Associated Pneumonia

BACKGROUND The introduction of the health care–associated pneumonia (HCAP) categorization expanded recommendations for broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics to pneumonia patients presenting from the community with recent health care–system exposure. However, the efficacy of such regimens in improving clinical outcomes in these patients has not been well established. OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical outcomes of HCAP patients treated initially with HCAP guideline–concordant antibiotic regimens to those treated initially with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guideline-concordant antibiotic regimens. METHODS This retrospective study included HCAP patients presenting from home and admitted to general medical wards. HCAP regimen patients were treated empirically with at least 1 antipseudomonal agent. All other patients were assigned to the CAP regimen group. The primary end point was clinical cure at 30 days postdischarge. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients hospitalized 1–30 days and 31–90 days before the HCAP admission. RESULTS Of 228 HCAP admissions, 122 patients received CAP regimens and 106 received HCAP regimens. The 2 groups were similar at baseline, including Pneumonia Severity Index scores. Attributable clinical cure occurred in 75.4% of CAP regimen patients and 69.8% of HCAP regimen patients (p = 0.34). Overall clinical cure occurred in 59.8% of CAP regimen patients and 54.7% of HCAP regimen patients (p = 0.44). The CAP regimen group used fewer days of intravenous antibiotics (4.39 vs 7.75, p < 0.0001) and had shorter lengths of stay (6.36 vs 8.58 days, p < 0.0001). For patients hospitalized 31–90 days earlier, clinical cure was higher in the CAP regimen group (attributable, 82.9% vs 60.0%, p = 0.0090; overall, 67.1% vs 47.5%, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Compared to CAP guideline–concordant regimens, treatment of HCAP with HCAP guideline–concordant regimens did not increase clinical cure rates and was associated with lower clinical cure rates in patients hospitalized 31–90 days prior to the HCAP admission. This study suggests that broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics may not be necessary in all HCAP patient groups.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes after Introduction of a Dedicated Infectious Diseases- Critical Care Medicine Service in Critical Care Units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Trachuk ◽  
Vagish Hemmige ◽  
Ruth Eisenberg ◽  
Kelsie Cowman ◽  
Victor Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Critical Care Medicine ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Infection is a leading cause of admission to intensive care units (ICU), with critically ill patients often receiving empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. Nevertheless, a dedicated infectious diseases (ID) consultation and stewardship team is not routinely established. An ID-Critical Care Medicine (ID-CCM) pilot program was designed at a 400-bed tertiary care hospital in which an ID attending was assigned to participate in daily rounds with the ICU team, as well as provide ID consultation on select patients. We sought to evaluate the impact of this dedicated ID program on antibiotic utilization and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to the ICU. Method In this single site retrospective study, we analyzed antibiotic utilization and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to an ICU during post-intervention period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 and compared it to antibiotic utilization in the same ICUs during the pre-intervention period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. Results Our data showed a statistically significant reduction in usage of most frequently prescribed antibiotics including vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime during the intervention period. When compared to pre-intervention period there was no difference in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay and re-admission. Conclusion With this multidisciplinary intervention, we saw a decrease in the use of the most frequently prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics without a negative impact on clinical outcomes. Our study shows that the implementation of an ID-CCM service is a feasible way to promote antibiotic stewardship in the ICU and can be used as a strategy to reduce unnecessary patient exposure to broad-spectrum agents.

BIOM-21. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TERT PROMOTER MUTATIONS, TELOMERE LENGTH AND MGMT PROMOTER METHYLATION IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED AND RECURRENT IDH-WILDTYPE GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM): A LARGE MONO-INSTITUTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi15-vi15
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lombardi ◽  
Silvia Giunco ◽  
Francesco Cavallin ◽  
Chiara Angelini ◽  
Mario Caccese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Mgmt Methylation ◽  
Tert Promoter ◽  
Tert Promoter Mutations ◽  
Promoter Mutations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND the significance of TERT promoter mutations, telomere length and their interactions with MGMT methylation status in patients with IDH-wildtype GBM patients remain unclear. We performed a monoinstitutional study to better investigate their impact and their interaction on clinical outcomes. METHODS TERTmutations (C228T and C250T), relative telomere length (RTL) and MGMT methylation were assessed in 278 newly-diagnosed and in 65 recurrent IDH-wildtype GBM PTS which were treated from Dec2016 to Jan2020. We explored association between gene characteristics and neuroradiological response, PFS, OS. Telomere length was measured by monochrome multiplex PCR and RTL values were calculated as a telomere/single-copy gene ratio. RESULTS characteristics of newly diagnosed GBM PTS were: median age 63 ys, ECOG PS0-1 in 71% of PTS, radical surgery in 38%, 78% received radiation therapy plus TMZ, MGMTmet in 53%, TERT promoter was mutated in 80% (75% C228T, 25% C250T), median RTL was 1.57 (range 0.4-11.37). ORR was reported in 15% of PTS, medianOS was 15 ms (95% CI 13-18 ms), medianPFS was 8 ms (95% CI 7-9 ms). At multivariable analysis, TERT mutations and RTL were not associated with clinical outcomes; about OS, TERT mutations and RTL reported a HR of 1.05 (95% CI 0.64-1.64) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.89-1.10), respectively; MGMTmet tumors showed significant improved PFS and OS with a HR of 0.54(95% CI 0.40-0.71) and 0.47 (95% CI 0.34-0.64), respectively. All interactions among MGMT-status, TERT-mutation status and RTL were not statistically significant. Characteristics of recurrent GBM PTS were: median age 55 ys, ECOG PS0-1 in 60% of PTS, MGMTmet in 37%, TERT mutations in 75% (75% C228T, 25% C250T), RTL was 1.67 (range 0.68-8.87). At multivariable analysis, only MGMTmet tumors resulted significantly associated to prolonged OS(HR0.16;95%CI0.07-0.40). No gene interaction was significant. CONCLUSIONS we analyzed the impact of TERT mutations, RTL and MGMT in newly diagnosed and recurrent IDH-wildtype GBM PTS. TERT status and RTL were not associated with clinical outcomes. MGMT was the only prognostic factor. No significant interaction was demonstrated between TERT mutations, RTL and MGMT

The Benefits of Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Versus Enteral Nutrition (EN) Among Adult Critically Ill Patients: What is the Evidence? A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Joel Cadena ◽  
Sara Habib ◽  
Fred Rincon ◽  
Stephanie Dobak
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation Duration ◽  
The Impact

Malnutrition is frequently seen among patients in the intensive care unit. Evidence shows that optimal nutritional support can lead to better clinical outcomes. Recent clinical trials debate over the efficacy of enteral nutrition (EN) over parenteral nutrition (PN). Multiple trials have studied the impact of EN versus PN in terms of health-care cost and clinical outcomes (including functional status, cost, infectious complications, mortality risk, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, and mechanical ventilation duration). The aim of this review is to address the question: In critically ill adult patients requiring nutrition support, does EN compared to PN favorably impact clinical outcomes and health-care costs?

scholarly journals Impact of donor age and kinship on clinical outcomes after T-cell–replete haploidentical transplantation with PT-Cy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 3900-3912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Mariotti ◽  
Anna Maria Raiola ◽  
Andrea Evangelista ◽  
Angelo Michele Carella ◽  
Massimo Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Donor Age ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Abstract Donor selection contributes to improve clinical outcomes of T-cell–replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy). The impact of donor age and other non-HLA donor characteristics remains a matter of debate. We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis on 990 haplo-SCTs with PT-Cy. By multivariable analysis, after adjusting for donor/recipient kinship, increasing donor age and peripheral blood stem cell graft were associated with a higher risk of grade 2 to 4 acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD), whereas 2-year cumulative incidence of moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD was higher for transplants from female donors into male recipients and after myeloablative conditioning. Increasing donor age was associated with a trend for higher nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; P = .057) but with a significant reduced risk of disease relapse (HR, 0.92; P = .001) and improved progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.97; P = .036). Increasing recipient age was a predictor of worse overall survival (OS). Risk of relapse was higher (HR, 1.39; P &lt; .001) in patients aged ≤40 years receiving a transplant from a parent as compared with a sibling. Moreover, OS and PFS were lower when the donor was the mother rather than the father. Pretransplant active disease status was an invariably independent predictor of worse clinical outcomes, while recipient positive cytomegalovirus serostatus and hematopoietic cell transplant comorbidity index &gt;3 were associated with worse OS and PFS. Our results suggest that younger donors may reduce the incidence of aGVHD and NRM, though at higher risk of relapse. A parent donor, particularly the mother, is not recommended in recipients ≤40 years.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of antibiotic exposure association with clinical outcomes of chemotherapy versus immunotherapy across three tumour types

ESMO Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e000803
Author(s):  
Amit A Kulkarni ◽  
Maryam Ebadi ◽  
Shijia Zhang ◽  
Mohamad A Meybodi ◽  
Alaa M Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Solid Tumours ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

BackgroundIn solid tumours, antibiotic use during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment is associated with shorter survival. Following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), antibiotic-induced gut microbiome alterations are associated with risk of relapse and mortality. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota can modulate antitumour immune response across tumour types, though it is not clear if the impact on outcomes is specific to immune therapy. An important limitation of previous studies is that the analysis combined all antibiotic exposures irrespective of the antibiotic spectrum of activity. Whether antibiotic exposure during induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) affects risk of relapse is also unknown.Patients and methodsWe performed a single-centred retrospective analysis of antibiotic exposures in metastatic/advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell cancer (RCC) receiving ICI and newly diagnosed AML patients receiving induction chemotherapy achieving a complete remission 1. Antibiotic use within 4 weeks before and 6 weeks after the ICI initiation were included. In AML patients, antibiotic exposures between days 1 and 28 of induction were collected. Antibiotics were a priori stratified based on spectrum of activity. Primary outcomes of interest were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) in NSCLC and RCC and relapse-free survival (RFS) in AML.Results140 patients with NSCLC, 55 with RCC and 143 with AML were included. In multivariable analysis, PFS and OS were shorter in NSCLC patients who received broad-spectrum anti-anaerobes (PFS, HR=3.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.2, p<0.01; OS, HR=1.7, 95% CI 0.8 to 3.6, p=0.19) or ‘other’ antibiotics (vancomycin-predominant) (PFS, HR=2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.6, p<0.01; OS, HR=2.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.7, p=0.01). In RCC, patients who received penicillins/penicillin-class/early-generation cephalosporins had shorter PFS (HR=3.6, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.6, p<0.01) but similar OS (p=0.37). In the AML cohort, none of the exposures were associated with RFS.ConclusionIn contrast to AML, antibiotic exposures in solid tumours affected clinical outcomes. The presence of an allogeneic effect (allo-HCT) or an augmented immune system (checkpoint blockade) may be necessary for microbiota mediation of relapse risk.

Association of radiation therapy with overall survival in patients undergoing surgery for T3N0M0 adenocarcinoma of the rectum.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 528-528
Author(s):  
David Mitchell Marcus ◽  
Dana Nickleach ◽  
Bassel F. El-Rayes ◽  
Jerome Carl Landry
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
The Impact

528 Background: The standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery, but many physicians question the benefit of multimodality therapy in patients with stage T3N0M0 disease. We aimed to determine the impact of radiation therapy (RT) on overall survival (OS) in this group of patients. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify patients undergoing surgery for T3N0M0 adenocarcinoma of the rectum from 2004 to 2010. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare OS for patients receiving RT vs. no RT, along with for pre-op vs. post-op RT among patients that received RT. Multivariable analysis (MVA) using a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to assess the association of RT with OS after adjusting for patient age, gender, race, tumor grade, carcinoembryonic antigen, type of surgery, and circumferential margin status. The analysis was repeated separately on patients that underwent total colectomy (TC) vs. sphincter-sparing surgery. Results: The cohort included 8,679 patients, including 4,705 who received RT and 3,974 who did not. Median age was 66 years. Five year OS was 76.5% in patients who received RT, compared to 60.0% in patients who did not receive RT (p <0.001). Five year OS was 76.9% for patients receiving pre-op RT vs. 75.7% in patients receiving post-op RT (p = 0.247). In patients undergoing TC, five year OS was 74.7% for patients receiving RT, compared to 47.5% in patients not receiving RT (p <0.001). In patients undergoing sphincter-sparing surgery, five year OS was 77.7% in patients receiving RT, compared to 62.9% in patients not receiving RT (p <0.001). Use of RT was significantly associated with OS on MVA, both in the entire cohort (HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.60-0.81]; p<0.001) and in subsets of patients undergoing TC (HR 0.55 [95% CI 0.38-0.79]; p=0.001) and sphincter-sparing surgery (HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.59-0.84]; p<0.001). Conclusions: The use of RT is associated with superior OS in patients undergoing surgery for T3N0M0 adenocarcinoma of the rectum. This benefit is demonstrated in both the pre-op and post-op settings and applies to patients undergoing both TC and sphincter-sparing surgery.

scholarly journals Role of Postoperative Complications in Overall Survival after Radical Resection for Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis of 1107 Patients

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Galata ◽  
Susanne Blank ◽  
Christel Weiss ◽  
Ulrich Ronellenfitsch ◽  
Christoph Reissfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Surgical Complications ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
The Impact

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of postoperative complications on overall survival (OS) after radical resection for gastric cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis of our institutional database for surgical patients with gastroesophageal malignancies was performed. All consecutive patients who underwent R0 resection for M0 gastric cancer between October 1972 and February 2014 were included. The impact of postoperative complications on OS was evaluated in the entire cohort and in a subgroup after exclusion of 30 day and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 1107 patients were included. In the entire cohort, both overall complications (p < 0.001) and major surgical complications (p = 0.003) were significant risk factors for decreased OS in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, overall complications were an independent risk factor for decreased OS (p < 0.001). After exclusion of patients with complication-related 30 day and in-hospital mortality, neither major surgical (p = 0.832) nor overall complications (p = 0.198) were significantly associated with decreased OS. Conclusion: In this study, postoperative complications influenced OS due to complication-related early postoperative deaths. In patients successfully rescued from early postoperative complications, neither overall complications nor major surgical complications were risk factors for decreased survival.

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