scholarly journals 2843. Maternal Fecal Transplantation to Infants Born by Cesarean Section: Safety and Feasibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S68-S68
Author(s):  
Otto Helve ◽  
Katri Korpela ◽  
Kaija-Leena Kolho ◽  
Terhi Saisto ◽  
Kirsi Skogberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery ◽  
First Feeding

Abstract Background A complication of cesarean section delivery is its interference with the normal intestinal colonization of the infant, affecting the development of immune system in early life—a process that has been associated with long-term morbidity, such as allergy and diabetes. We evaluated, in CS-delivered infants, whether the normal intestinal microbiome and its early life development could be restored by immediate postnatal transfer of maternal fecal microbiota to the newborn. Methods Seventeen healthy mothers with planned elective CS were recruited and screened thoroughly for infections, after which 7 mothers were included in the study. A fecal sample was processed according to a transplantation protocol and an aliquot (3–7 mg) was orally administered in breast-milk to the newborn during the first feeding. The infants were followed and fecal samples were gathered during the first 12 weeks of age and subsequently at the age of 8–18 months. Results The bacterial communities in the fecal samples of the mothers and their offspring were analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons from isolated fecal DNA and compared with that of 11 nontreated CS-delivered infants and 34 vaginally delivered infants. The fecal microbiota at 3 and 12 weeks was similar between treated CS and vaginally delivered infants, in contrast to that of the untreated CS-delivered infants both in overall composition (P = 0.001, Figure) and development of early-life signature bacteria, i.e., bacteroides and bifidobacteria and clostridia (P < 0.0001). Conclusion The seeding of maternal fecal microbes to the newborn intestine can be safely and successfully mimicked in elective CS by transferring a small amount of maternal fecal microbiome orally to the newborn infant. In these infants, this process results in a microbial development that is highly similar to that of the vaginally born infants, and provides support for the hypothesis that microbial colonization in early life results from a maternal fecal transfer. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

scholarly journals Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Emphasis on Clostridioides difficile Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 016-020
Author(s):  
Juliana Peloso Signorette ◽  
Rômulo Tadeu Dias de Oliveira ◽  
José Maria Montiel ◽  
Priscila Larcher Longo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
National Library ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Abstract Objective This study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of clinical trials using fecal microbiota transplantation in cases of Clostridioides difficile infection. Methods This manuscript reviews clinical studies published from 2003 to 2020 at the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO Brazil), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and US National Library of Medicine (MedLine/PubMed) databases using the descriptors antibiotic/antimicrobial, Clostridium difficile/Clostridioides difficile, intestinal microbiota/intestinal microbiome and fecal transplantation. Results Interventions on microbiota include the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as therapeutic methods. Results show that fecal microbiota transplantation is an excellent alternative for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infections.

scholarly journals Maternal effects on early-life gut microbiome maturation in a wild nonhuman primate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Baniel ◽  
Lauren Petrullo ◽  
Arianne Mercer ◽  
Laurie Reitsema ◽  
Sierra Sams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
First Time

Early-life gut microbial colonization is an important process shaping host physiology, immunity and long-term health outcomes in humans and other animals. However, our understanding of this dynamic process remains poorly investigated in wild animals, where developmental mechanisms can be better understood within ecological and evolutionary relevant contexts. Using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing on 525 fecal samples from a large cohort of infant and juvenile geladas (Theropithecus gelada), we characterized gut microbiome maturation during the first three years of life and assessed the role of maternal effects in shaping offspring microbiome assembly. Microbial diversity increased rapidly in the first months of life, followed by more gradual changes until weaning. As expected, changes in gut microbiome composition and function with increasing age reflected progressive dietary transitions: in early infancy when infants rely heavily on their mother's milk, microbes that facilitate milk glycans and lactose utilization dominated, while later in development as graminoids are progressively introduced into the diet, microbes that metabolize plant complex polysaccharides became dominant. Furthermore, the microbial community of nursing infants born to first-time (primiparous) mothers was more "milk-oriented" compared to similarly-aged infants born to experienced (multiparous) mothers. Comparisons of matched mother-offspring fecal samples to random dyads did not support vertical transmission as a conduit for these maternal effects, which instead could be explained by slower phenotypic development (and associated slower gut microbiome maturation) in infants born to first-time mothers. Together, our findings highlight the dynamic nature of gut colonization

scholarly journals Early-Life Intervention Using Fecal Microbiota Combined with Probiotics Promotes Gut Microbiota Maturation, Regulates Immune System Development, and Alleviates Weaning Stress in Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanhang Xiang ◽  
Xiaoyu Wu ◽  
Ye Pan ◽  
Liu Wang ◽  
Chenbin Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Early Life ◽  
System Development ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Life Period ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Immune System Development

Previous studies have suggested that immune system development and weaning stress are closely related to the maturation of gut microbiota. The early-life period is a “window of opportunity” for microbial colonization, which potentially has a critical impact on the development of the immune system. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics are often used to regulate gut microbial colonization. This study aims to test whether early intervention with FMT using fecal microbiota from gestation sows combined with Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces boulardii (FMT-CS) administration could promote the maturation of gut microbiota and development of immune system in piglets. Piglets were assigned to control (n = 84) and FMT-CS treatment (n = 106), which were treated with placebo and bacterial suspension during the first three days after birth, respectively. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that FMT-CS increased the α-diversity and reduced the unweighted UniFrac distances of the OTU community. Besides, FMT-CS increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, while decreasing that of opportunistic pathogens. FMT-CS also enhanced the relative abundance of genes related to cofactors and vitamin, energy, and amino acid metabolisms during the early-life period. ELISA analysis revealed that FMT-CS gave rise to the plasma concentrations of IL-23, IL-17, and IL-22, as well as the plasma levels of anti-M.hyo and anti-PCV2 antibodies. Furthermore, the FMT-CS-treated piglets showed decreases in inflammation levels and oxidative stress injury, and improvement of intestinal barrier function after weaning as well. Taken together, our results suggest that early-life intervention with FMT-CS could promote the development of innate and adaptive immune system and vaccine efficacy, and subsequently alleviate weaning stress through promoting the maturation of gut microbiota in piglets.

scholarly journals Cecal versus fecal microbiota in Ossabaw swine and implications for obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Panasevich ◽  
Umesh D. Wankhade ◽  
Sree V. Chintapalli ◽  
Kartik Shankar ◽  
R. Scott Rector
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Fructose

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the onset and progression of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. However, it is not well documented whether the cecal vs. the fecal microbiome is more relevant when assessing their contributions to these diseases. Here, we amplified the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from cecal and fecal samples of female Ossabaw swine fed a low-fat control diet (10.5% fat, n = 4) or Western diet (43.0% fat, 17.8% high fructose corn syrup, 2% cholesterol; n = 3) for 36 wk. Obesity significantly lowered alpha-diversity ( P < 0.05), and there was clear separation in beta-diversity between lean and obese pigs, as well as between cecal and fecal samples ( P < 0.05). Obesity dramatically increased ( P < 0.05) the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio in fecal samples, and Actinobacteria was higher ( P < 0.05) in fecal vs. cecal samples in obese pigs. Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria were increased ( P < 0.05), while Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, and Verrucomicrobia were decreased ( P < 0.05) in obese vs. lean pigs. Prevotellaceae was reduced ( P < 0.05) in obese fecal vs. cecal samples. Moreover, cecal samples in obese had greater ( P < 0.05) predicted metabolic capacity for glycan biosynthesis and metabolism and LPS biosynthesis compared with fecal. Obese pigs also had greater ( P < 0.05) capacity for carbohydrate metabolism, which was driven by obese fecal rather than cecal samples and was opposite in lean pigs ( P < 0.05). The observed differences in pro-inflammatory microbiota and their metabolic capacity in cecal vs. fecal samples of obese pigs provide new insight into evaluating the microbiome in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disease.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbiome Changes in Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) vs. FMT Enriched with Lactobacillus in the Treatment of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elvira Garza-González ◽  
Soraya Mendoza-Olazarán ◽  
Rayo Morfin-Otero ◽  
Andrea Ramírez-Fontes ◽  
Patricia Rodríguez-Zulueta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Double Blinded

Aim. In this study, we conducted a comparative study to explore the differences in therapeutic efficacy and intestinal microbiome of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) vs. FMT in addition with Lactobacillus (FMT-L) for treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (R-CDI). Methods. We designed a double-blinded randomized comparative two-arm pilot multicenter study to assess the efficacy and impact in the intestinal microbiome of standard capsules of FMT vs. FMT-L enriched with 3 species of Lactobacillus for patients with R-CDI. A 90-day follow-up of 21 patients was performed, starting at the beginning of the study. From the selected patients, fecal samples were obtained at days 0, 3, 7, and 28 after treatment. Fecal samples and FMT were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results. We included 21 patients (13 in the FMT group and 8 in the FMT-L group). Overall, both groups had a reduction in bowel movements per day, from 8.6 to 3.2 in the first 48 h (62.7% reduction, p=0.001). No severe adverse reactions or recurrences were recorded. Firmicutes were the most abundant phylum in donors. A low relative abundance of Proteobacteria was detected and mostly found in patients even at higher proportions than the donor. The donor’s pool also had relatively few Bacteroidetes, and some patients showed a higher abundance of this phylum. Based on the ANOSIM R values, there is a significant difference between the microbial communities of basal samples and samples collected on day 7 (p=0.045) and at day 28 (0.041). Conclusion. Fecal microbiota transplant by capsules was clinically and genomically similar between traditional FMT and enriched FMT with Lactobacillus spp. Restoration of bacterial diversity and resolution of dysbiosis at days 7 and 28 were observed. Patients with a first episode of recurrence treated with FMT had an excellent response without severe adverse events; FMT should be considered as an early treatment during R-CDI.

scholarly journals The Bifidogenic Effect Revisited—Ecology and Health Perspectives of Bifidobacterial Colonization in Early Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1855
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kumar ◽  
Maria Carmen Collado ◽  
Harm Wopereis ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Jan Knol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Life Type

Extensive microbial colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract starts after parturition. There are several parallel mechanisms by which early life microbiome acquisition may proceed, including early exposure to maternal vaginal and fecal microbiota, transmission of skin associated microbes, and ingestion of microorganisms present in breast milk. The crucial role of vertical transmission from the maternal microbial reservoir during vaginal delivery is supported by the shared microbial strains observed among mothers and their babies and the distinctly different gut microbiome composition of caesarean-section born infants. The healthy infant colon is often dominated by members of the keystone genus Bifidobacterium that have evolved complex genetic pathways to metabolize different glycans present in human milk. In exchange for these host-derived nutrients, bifidobacteria’s saccharolytic activity results in an anaerobic and acidic gut environment that is protective against enteropathogenic infection. Interference with early-life microbiota acquisition and development could result in adverse health outcomes. Compromised microbiota development, often characterized by decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium species has been reported in infants delivered prematurely, delivered by caesarean section, early life antibiotic exposure and in the case of early life allergies. Various microbiome modulation strategies such as probiotic, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics have been developed that are able to generate a bifidogenic shift and help to restore the microbiota development. This review explores the evolutionary ecology of early-life type Bifidobacterium strains and their symbiotic relationship with humans and discusses examples of compromised microbiota development in which stimulating the abundance and activity of Bifidobacterium has demonstrated beneficial associations with health.

scholarly journals The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feilong Deng ◽  
Maryanna McClure ◽  
Rick Rorie ◽  
Xiaofan Wang ◽  
Jianmin Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Bovine Reproduction ◽  
Pregnancy Status

Abstract Background The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction. However, in beef heifers, little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility. To this end, we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy. Results Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol, observed over a 12-day period, artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus, and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season. Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding (n = 72), during the first (n = 72), and second trimester (n = 72) for all individuals, and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies (n = 56). Fecal samples were taken at pre-breeding (n = 32) and during the first trimester (n = 32), including bred and open individuals. Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the16S rRNA gene via the Illumina MiSeq platform was applied to all samples. Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples. However, significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed. No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status, but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time. Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal (e.g., Histophilus, Clostridiaceae, Campylobacter) and fecal (e.g., Bacteroidales, Dorea) samples. Conclusions Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction. Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.

The mediating effect of microbial colonization on the effect of cesarean section delivery

2012 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian J. Lowe ◽  
Elizabeth Williamson ◽  
Lennart Bråbäck ◽  
Caroline J. Lodge ◽  
Shyamali C. Dharmage
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery

scholarly journals Fecal microbiome change in patients with ulcerative colitis after fecal microbiota transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
A. Y. Tikunov ◽  
V. V. Morozov ◽  
A. N. Shvalov ◽  
A. V. Bardasheva ◽  
E. V. Shrayner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Fecal Microbiome

Intestinal human microbiota is a dynamic system that is under the pressures of its host organism and external factors. Microbiota disruption caused by these factors can lead to severe diseases including inflammatory and oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the possible approaches in managing the intestinal microbiota is fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) – transfer of the microbiota from the stool of a healthy donor to the intestinal tract of a recipient patient. Currently, this procedure is recognized as an efficacious method to normalize the intestinal microbiota mainly in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, pilot studies of the effectiveness of FT in patients with ulcerative colitis have been conducted for several years, and these studies were started in Novosibirsk. The aim of this study was to assess the change of intestinal microbiome in 20 patients with ulcerative colitis after a single FT procedure. The main method is a comparative analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence libraries constructed using fecal samples obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis before and after FT and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained results showed that FT led to an increase in average biodiversity in samples after FT compared to samples before FT; however, the difference was not significant. In the samples studied, the proportion of Firmicutes sequences, the major gastrointestinal microbiota of healthy people, was decreased (~32 % vs. >70 %), while the proportion of Proteobacteria sequences was increased (>9 % vs. <5 %). In some samples collected before FT, sequences of pathogenic Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were detected, including Acinetobacter spp., Enterococcusspp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophylia, Streptococcusspp. In most cases, the proportion of such sequences after FT substantially decreased in appropriate samples. The exception was the Clostridiumdifficilesequences, which accounted for <0.5 % of the sequences in samples from almost half of the patients and after FT, the share of such C. difficilesequences was significantly reduced only in samples from three patients. It should be noted that the proportion of Lactobacillusspp. increased ten-fold and their species composition significantly expanded. According to the obtained results, a preliminary conclusion can be made that even a single FT procedure can lead to an increase in the biodiversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota in patients and to the optimization of the taxonomic composition of the microbiota.

scholarly journals Early microbial contact, the breast milk microbiome and child health

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rautava
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Amniotic Cavity ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
The Impact

The significance of contact with microbes in early life for subsequent health has been the subject of intense research during the last 2 decades. Disturbances in the establishment of the indigenous intestinal microbiome caused by cesarean section delivery or antibiotic exposure in early life have been linked to the risk of immune-mediated and inflammatory conditions such as atopic disorders, inflammatory bowel disease and obesity later in life. Distinct microbial populations have recently been discovered at maternal sites including the amniotic cavity and breast milk, as well as meconium, which have previously been thought to be sterile. Our understanding of the impact of fetal microbial contact on health outcomes is still rudimentary. Breast milk is known to modulate immune and metabolic programming. The breast milk microbiome is hypothesized to guide infant gut colonization and is affected by maternal health status and mode of delivery. Immunomodulatory factors in breast milk interact with the maternal and infant gut microbiome and may mediate some of the health benefits associated with breastfeeding. The intimate connection between the mother and the fetus or the infant is a potential target for microbial therapeutic interventions aiming to support healthy microbial contact and protect against disease.

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