Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly J. McCammon ◽  
Lee Ann Banaszak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Nineteenth Amendment ◽  
United States Today ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Realm ◽  
Made In

This introduction takes a number of steps to highlight the book’s focus on women’s engagement in electoral politics and their efforts in social movement activism. The introduction begins by returning briefly to the history of the woman suffrage movement, ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and the immediate political aftermath of giving voting rights to many women in the United States. The introduction then looks back over the last century and asks, what has transpired since enactment of the Nineteenth Amendment, and where is the United States today? The introduction discusses the significant progress women have made in the political realm as well as numerous ways in which women experience marginalization, including how intersecting constraints, for instance, between gender and race or gender and class place limits on some women’s political engagement. The discussion then provides readers with an overview of the volume’s chapters.

scholarly journals Votes for Women: An Economic Perspective on Women’s Enfranchisement

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Moehling ◽  
Melissa A. Thomasson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
State Level ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nineteenth Amendment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 officially granted voting rights to women across the United States. However, many states extended full or partial suffrage to women before the federal amendment. In this paper, we discuss the history of women's enfranchisement using an economic lens. We examine the demand side, discussing the rise of the women's movement and its alliances with other social movements, and describe how suffragists put pressure on legislators. On the supply side, we draw from theoretical models of suffrage extension to explain why men shared the right to vote with women. Finally, we review empirical studies that attempt to distinguish between competing explanations. We find that no single theory can explain women's suffrage in the United States and note that while the Nineteenth Amendment extended the franchise to women, state-level barriers to voting limited the ability of black women to exercise that right until the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

The Importance of Being Florentine: A Journey around the World for Wax Anatomical Venuses

Nuncius ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Paolo de Ceglia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th Century History ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis article reconstructs the 19th century history of events regarding a few female wax anatomical models made in Florence. More or less faithful copies of those housed in Florence's Museum of Physics and Natural History, these models were destined for display in temporary exhibitions. In their travels through Europe and the United States, they transformed the expression "Florentine Venus" into a sort of brand name used to label and offer respectability to pieces of widely varying quality.

scholarly journals Cholera.

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Kaper ◽  
J G Morris ◽  
M M Levine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

Despite more than a century of study, cholera still presents challenges and surprises to us. Throughout most of the 20th century, cholera was caused by Vibrio cholerae of the O1 serogroup and the disease was largely confined to Asia and Africa. However, the last decade of the 20th century has witnessed two major developments in the history of this disease. In 1991, a massive outbreak of cholera started in South America, the one continent previously untouched by cholera in this century. In 1992, an apparently new pandemic caused by a previously unknown serogroup of V. cholerae (O139) began in India and Bangladesh. The O139 epidemic has been occurring in populations assumed to be largely immune to V. cholerae O1 and has rapidly spread to many countries including the United States. In this review, we discuss all aspects of cholera, including the clinical microbiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of the disease. Special attention will be paid to the extraordinary advances that have been made in recent years in unravelling the molecular pathogenesis of this infection and in the development of new generations of vaccines to prevent it.

Since the Beginning

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Mary Johnson ◽  
Mary L. Gautier ◽  
Patricia Wittberg ◽  
Thu T. Do
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Origin ◽  
United States Today ◽  
Religious Institutes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Frequent Accompaniment

This chapter traces Catholic international sisters in the history of the United States, from the eighteenth century to the present time. The chapter discusses the primarily European origin of many sisters and religious institutes in the first three centuries of sisters’ immigration, and the Asian, African, and Latin American origin of international sisters’ migration to the United States today. It describes the invitations from some bishops and priests in the United States to some religious institutes, and the sisters’ frequent accompaniment of co-ethnics in this country. It discusses the many educational and healthcare institutions the sisters built in this country, and the ministries they also conducted.

Labor Policies of the General Managers' Association of Chicago, 1886–1894

1953 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. McMurry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
General Managers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

The activities of the General Managers' Association of Chicago in the great strike of the American Railway Union in 1894 are well known, but the earlier history of this association has remained obscure. Even the most scholarly writers on the Pullman strike have accepted statements made in testimony before the United States Strike Commission that this association first participated in a labor conflict in 1893. As a matter of fact, it originated in a strike, and early in its career it set precedents for many of its exploits a few years later.

scholarly journals Arab Americans and the Obama’s Legacy: Between Rhetoric and Reality

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Lanouar Ben Hafsa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Americans ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Strong Belief ◽  
Democratic Candidate ◽  
Made In

Although they constitute a tiny minority of the overall American makeup (less than 0.5 percent), Arab Americans have become an increasingly visible community over the last few decades. Their emergence as one of the most successful minorities in the United States could be explained by a bunch of achievements they have made in different domains: education, jobs, and politics. But, many would equally attribute their success to a strong belief in the American dream and a manifested will to assimilate.The paper aims to assess Arab Americans’ support for Obama in the 2008 and 2012 presidential face-offs. It is especially an attempt to fathom the degree of political engagement and collaboration between the community’s component groups, namely Christians, Muslims, native-born and immigrants. It analyzes their voting patterns, examines issues of concern that mobilize their vote, and scales the extent they are likely to reach in galvanizing support around a common Arab agenda.Another important goal of this study is to investigate the gap between Obama’s rhetoric and action regarding issues that mobilize the Arab constituency. It tempts to demonstrate how the massive Arab rally behind the Democratic candidate, in both contests, was more than a question of faith placed in what many referred to as the “black Kennedy.” It was rather the corroboration of a process that began in 2002, and that drifted away form the Republican Party sizable numbers of Arab constituents who felt exceptionally targeted by George W. Bush’s security measures, in the aftermath of 9/11, and repulsed by a hard line anti-Arab and anti-Muslim rhetoric that started to dominate the GOP.

Incarceration and Living Arrangements

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. London ◽  
Wendy M. Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
United States Today ◽  
History Of

The authors use data from the 1992 National Health and Social Life Survey to examine the association between incarceration and living arrangements, net of a range of sociodemographic and early life characteristics. Relative to living with a spouse and child(ren), there is evidence that a history of incarceration is strongly associated with several nonnuclear living arrangements, including living alone, as a sole adult with child(ren), with a partner and child(ren), with a partner but no child, and with other family but no spouse, partner, or child. These living arrangements may be indicative of lower levels of social integration, which have potentially serious consequences for these individuals as well as their families and communities. The authors discuss these results with reference to the decades-long, unprecedented mass incarceration that is ongoing in the United States today.

The Economics of American Art

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Ekelund Jr. ◽  
John D. Jackson ◽  
Robert D. Tollison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Full Range ◽  
American Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
United States Today ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Statistical Form

The Economics of American Art focuses solely on critical economic aspects of the full range of American art (as opposed to art produced and traded in the United States). After a brief introduction to the history of this market, simple economics in both narrative and statistical form is used to plumb a number of important topics and issues. Using a unique sample of 14,000 art auction observations between 1987 and 2013 of eighty American artists born before 1950, several important topics related to art and the marketplace are examined. These include such matters as the age at which artists achieve peak productivity. Further, the authors query whether the undeniably “innovative” art being produced in the United States today is partially related to marketing and modern selling techniques rather than the age-related link most often offered as explanation. Marketing techniques and the “fairness” of auction house estimates are evaluated in this regard. Other aspects of the auction marker, such as “bought-ins” and “burning,” are also addressed. The authors show statistically that there are two basic markets for American art: that produced prior to 1950 and that (post-1950) labeled “contemporary.” Investment in the latter, the authors conclude, may be far more remunerative. The disturbing issues of art crime, money laundering with art, fakes, and fraud are analyzed, with the costs and benefits of such activities in mind, as are the issues of the impact of an artist’s death and the appearance of bubbles in the art market.

Mexicans in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Grant Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
World Power ◽  
United States Today ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The U.S

This chapter relays in broad terms the long history of European American settlement and subsequent Latin American migration—particularly undertaken by Mexicans—to the U.S. Heartland. It gives particular attention to the capitalist-led development during the second half of the nineteenth century as the United States sought to build itself into not only a formidable industrial power but also a world power. It traces the vital role that immigrant workers—and specifically Mexican laborers—have played in this process despite their often being treated as second-class citizens. An appreciation of this history provides one with a clear sense of the neocolonial aspirations of U.S. enterprise—both governmental and commercial—as well as the many contradictory and timeworn Anglo rationalizations that exploit Mexican workers in the United States today.

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