The Art Market

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pieth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Art Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Regulatory Pressure ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The One ◽  
Heads Of State

This chapter covers the worldwide art markets that as a group have experienced a dramatic surge in corruption over the last decade. The reasons given for this extraordinary growth rate are on the one hand the low return on classic investments or investment tools since the crisis of 2008 and on the other hand the regulatory pressure on the banking system. Abuses are rather diversified with problematic transactions including trading in looted objects (be it looted by the Nazis or items from illegal digging in Tuscani, or more recently even the systemic exploitation of antiquities by the “Islamic State” to fund their war effort), professional counterfeiting and fake or incorrect certificates, or the sale of art for the purpose of money laundering. Of course, here all sorts of graft and illicit enrichment (e.g. by heads of state, ministers, or other officials), come into play.

scholarly journals The workers of the Donbas coal mines in the post reform period

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
І.В. Довжук
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Intensive Development

The article deals with the problems of providing labor in the coalmines of the Donets Basin in the post reform period. Attention is drawn to the use of female and child labor in the production process, and the conditions under which this happened are being ascertained. It is noted that the intensive development of the coal industry in the 1880-1890s led, on the one hand, to a high growth rate in the number of workers employed in coal mining, and on the other, it exacerbated the deficit of this category of workers. Gradually, with the development of industry in the region, a constant contingent of miners took shape.  As a result, the so-called mining families began to form in the coal industry of Donbass, which later became a tangible source of replenishing the ranks of workers.

scholarly journals Soldati e neuropsichiatria nell'Italia della Grande Guerra

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Romano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Psychiatry ◽  
Constant Tension ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship

Against the backdrop of a critical reflection on the psychiatric concepts of organicism and predisposition to mental illness, the research investigates the relationship between psychiatry and the Great War from a perspective that considers the complexity of the orientations assumed by both the Italian alienists on war pathologies and the health practices implemented towards soldiers. The study highlights the comparison/clash between two totally different approaches forced to coexist during the conflict: on one side, the one from military psychiatry, and on the other the distinctive one from civil asylums. The two perspectives were not always clearly separated, but it is possible to detect a constant tension between the duties towards the war effort and the professional ethics dictated by the neuropsychiatric discipline.

Relationship between some Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic factors and growth rates and somatic cell counts

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Zecconi ◽  
Enrica Binda ◽  
Vitaliano Borromeo ◽  
Renata Piccinini
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Binding Protein Gene ◽  
The One

Staphylococcus aureus isolates produce several pathogenic factors. The combination of these products influences the pathogenic role of different isolates, but their specific effects are well known in the pathogenesis of udder infections. This study focused on the association of polymorphism of the coagulase gene, protein A gene, collagen-binding protein gene, and of fibrinogen-binding protein gene on somatic cell count (SCC) and on Staph. aureus growth rate. Fifty Staph. aureus isolates from 13 dairy cow herds, located in seven different provinces, were considered. The results showed a low frequency of cna gene, similar to the one observed in human isolates. Meanwhile, the high frequency of efb gene indirectly confirmed the role of this factor in bacterial pathogenesis, being associated with adhesion to epithelia. The association of these two single genes with SCC and growth rate showed to be not significant. The polymorphism of spa gene was confirmed to be significantly associated with inflammatory response and growth rate, albeit with a pattern different from the one suggested for human isolates. Sorting of isolates based on the clusters obtained by combining polymorphisms of spa and coa genes and the presence of cna and efb genes, showed that a single cluster (cluster V) was prevalent in the different herds and provinces, while the other six clusters identified were widely spread among the remaining 60% of the isolates. Results showed that clusters VI and VII had significantly higher growth rates at 3, 4, and 6 h in comparison with the other clusters. Meanwhile, quarters infected with these strains showed significantly lower SCC levels. The frequency of isolates from cluster V, suggested that they should possess pathogenic factors increasing their invasiveness, even if in the presence of a stronger inflammatory response. These results indirectly confirm previous findings on the different interactions between isolates and the udder immune system. They also suggest that isolates with higher growth rates and inducing a lower inflammatory response have better chances to spread among the herd. The relatively simple genomic method proposed in this study could be applied by an increasing number of diagnostic laboratories and could be useful in studying the epidemiology of Staph. aureus intramammary infections in dairy herds when collecting data from the field.

Branding the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-301
Author(s):  
Suvojit Bandopadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Media Organizations ◽  
The One

This article will explore three crucial parameters that have been taken into consideration to attract millennials towards the Islamic State or Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) brand: the first parameter is story creation around the historical significance of Islamic prophecies justifying the ISIS brand. Second is the symbolisms attached to the ISIS brand and its relevance (a flag, a leader, a logo, a caliphate) and, third, the actions or the sense of attachment to the ISIS brand in the form of practising ideology, gaining recognition and appeal to the millennials. The promotion of the brand has been advanced through diverse means – social media platforms, mainstream media organizations, YouTube videos, all orchestrated to gain recognition of a rising state brand on the one end and a brand of fear and intimidation on the other.

War and Peace in Islam

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-57
Author(s):  
Louay M. Safi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
General Law ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
The One ◽  
Holistic Theory ◽  
Special Studies

Introduction Although the rules and principles pertaining to relations between Islamic and non-Islamic states date back to the early Madinan period, the Islamic classical doctrine of war and peace was developed by Muslim jurists (fuqaha) during the Abbasi era. The tenets of the doctrine can be found either in general law corpora under headings such as jihad, peace treaties, aman, or in certain special studies such as al Kharaj (land tax), al Siyar (biography/history), etc. The work of the Muslim jurists consists mainly of rules and principles concerning the initiation and prosecution of war, rules and principles that have been predicated on a specific perception of the role and objectives of the Islamic state in respect to other states. The purpose of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, the paper attempts to rebut the propositions of the classical doctrine of jihad, showing that these propositions were predicated on a set of legal rulings (ahkam shar'iyyah) pertaining to specific questions which arose under particular historical conditions, namely, the armed struggle between the Islamic state during the Abbasi era, and the various European dynasties. The paper further attempts to demonstrate that classical jurists did not intend to develop a holistic theory with universal claims. The paper aspires, on the other hand, to introduce a more comprehensive perception of war and peace which takes into account the Qur'anic and Prophetic statements in their totality. This new perception is then used to establish the fundamental objectives of war as well as the basic conditions of peace. To address the forgoing concerns, two approaches have been used. One is legalistic, deductively based on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (usul al fiqh), comparable to that used by classical jurists. The other approach is historical, inductively concerned with examining the chronology of the ...

Growth and Ascorbic Acid Content of the Chick Embryo

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-539
Author(s):  
L. M. Rinaldini
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Concentration ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
The One

Ascorbic acid (ASA) is actively synthesized by germinating plant seeds (see Mapson, 1953), and by the embryos of various animal species (refs. in Needham, 1942). Hauge & Garrick (quoted by Needham, 1931) found no ASA in the unincubated hen's egg. This was confirmed by Ray (1934), who showed that the vitamin C content of the chick embryo increases gradually after incubation of the egg. Since the egg is a closed system, it follows that the chick embryo can synthesize its own ASA and that the ASA content of the embryo at any given stage must be the balance between synthesis and utilization. It was, therefore, considered of interest to make daily weighings and ASA estimations throughout development with the more sensitive methods now available in order to examine the possible relations between embryonic weight and ASA content on the one hand, and between growth rate and ascorbic acid concentration on the other.

scholarly journals THE „HAWALA SYSTEM“ - BETWEEN CUSTOMARY LAW AND ORGANIZED CRIME

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ivan Geshev ◽  
Nikolay Marin
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
Conventional Type

The article aims to reveal the nature and specifics of the alternative method of modern banking ‘Hawala’, which makes it on the one hand, extremely convenient for use by organized criminal groups, and on the other, difficult to be investigated and proven. The authors trace Hawala’s historical roots, referring to the ancient customary law, and point out the strict rules on which it operates. It highlights that, with the development of information technologies, the Hawala systems’ principles have found a new application, from which organized criminal groups benefit. The article clarifies how the Bulgarian legislation incriminates money laundering and the possible use of the ‘Hawala’ system for this and other criminal activities. Attention is paid to the Bulgarian experience in the investigation of a network of persons involved in the use of the Hawala method for concealing, particularly serious crimes. The conclusion is made that the Hawala phenomenon poses a serious threat to the rule of law in any country, and the Bulgarian legislation needs to be adapted in order to provide effective mechanisms to counter such non-conventional type of crime.

scholarly journals “The Show Must Go On”. Ethnography of the Art Market Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic

Arts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Léa Saint-Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Art Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims at understanding, from the inside, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying restrictive administrative measures on the art market. It is based on the interviews and ethnographic surveys made by graduate students from the Ecole du Louvre, from September 2020 to May 2021. This methodology makes it possible to demonstrate that, during the crisis, art market professionals were driven by the motto “the show must go on”. On the one hand, they wished to keep a straight face and remain silent on their individual difficulties, preferring to talk about their vocation and the positive effects of the crisis. On the other hand, the commercial activity continued despite everything; if the pandemic accelerated the digital turn of the art market, the physical contact with the works and the collectors remained primordial. The art market thus remained physical but accelerated its digital turn. The proportion of each interactional framework—physical and digital—is still uncertain, difficult to measure today and to predict in the long run.

INVESTIGATION OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE RATE OF WAGE GROWTH OF MEDICAL WORKERS ON THEIR NUMBER IN A PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Elbek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
The One

The problem of a decent level of remuneration for medical workers against the background of the continuation of restrictions related to the spread of COVID on the one hand, and the May presidential decrees on the other has become particularly relevant. The article analyzes data on the actual number of employees with higher education and employed in the provision of public health services and the amount of their average salary in the new realities. The fact of the correlation dependence of wage growth rates on the growth rate of the number of medical workers has been established.

Transformation of banking reconsidered: how feasible is ‘de-financialisation’?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Investment Banking ◽  
Financial Service ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring ◽  
Derivatives Markets

AbstractA defining feature of financialisation has been the transformation of banking, especially the expansion of investment banking. This article argues that the financialisation literature has, to date, failed to adequately explain this transformation. Neither disintermediation processes on the one hand, nor liberalisation of financial service activities on the other hand can explain the increase in scale and scope of the sector. The growth in investment banking activities should instead be seen in terms of the overall expansion of financial markets. In particular, demographic pressures and neoliberal restructuring have led to the growth of capital markets and modern asset management. The rise of capital markets and asset management, and the associated growth of money and derivatives markets have, in turn, put pressures on the banking system for expanded investment services, which it has met. Understanding financialisation as a structural change implies limits on how much economies can be ‘de-financialised’.

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