Getting Real?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Goodhart
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Norms

Chapter 3 engages with realist political theory throughcritical dialogues with leading realist theorists. It argues that realist political theories are much more susceptible to conservatism, distortion, and idealization than their proponents typically acknowledge. Realism is often not very realistic either in its descriptions of the world or in its political analysis. While realism enables the critical analysis of political norms (the analysis of power and unmasking of ideology), it cannot support substantive normative critique of existing social relations or enable prescriptive theorizing. These two types of critique must be integrated into a single theoretical framework to facilitate emancipatory social transformation.

Old Tools and New Movements in Latin America: Political Science as Gatekeeper or Intellectual Illuminator?

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Motta
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Politics Of Representation ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Form

AbstractThis article argues that social democratic and orthodox Marxist conceptualizations of politics are unable to “engage in solidarity” with many new forms of Latin American popular politics. Such movements challenge the politics of representation, the market economy, and the state form by reinventing territorialized experiments in self-government, which politicize place, subjectivities, and social relations. Developing a critique of these frameworks of political analysis, this article argues that conceptual categories combining the insights of autonomist or open Marxism and poststructuralism and the critical reflections and theorizations by Latin America's newest social movements enable a deeper engagement with such movements. This critique challenges academics committed to progressive social change to reexamine long-held notions about the nature and agents of social transformation and the epistemological categories that orient our research. It argues that if we fail to do this, then we risk becoming gatekeepers of the status quo.

scholarly journals Historia y filosofía en la interpretación de las teorías políticas

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (75) ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
Ambrosio Velasco Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Philosophical View ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Political Theories

This work belongs to the discussion between historians and science philosophers on methodological matters in the study of the nature and development of scientific theories. Notably, this paper seeks to state some fundamental steps towards the interpretation and reconstruction of political theories. In order to achieve this, Leo Strauss’s philosophical view, as well as Quentin Skinner’s historical approach, are critically examined, pointing out their most significant progresses as well as their main problems and weaknesses. On the grounds of this critical analysis, the need to seriously consider the history and philosophy of political theory as being mutually complementary is stated. Within this comprehensive approach, this paper considers the proposal of Alasdair MacIntyre which seeks to recover, through the concept of “research tradition”', significant philosophical and historical studies within political theory. Notwithstanding, MacIntyre, Strauss and Skinner do not take contemporary hermeneutic theories seriously when they formulate their interpretative perspectives. Beginning with contemporary hermeneutic philosophers (Gadamer, Ricoeur), the most significant contributions by Strauss, Skinner and MacIntyre are looked at in order to develop a historical and philosophical approach to study change and evolution in political theories. [Traducción: Gabriela Montes de Oca V.]

scholarly journals SLAVERY DISCOURSE AND ABOLITION IN BRAZIL: THE CASE OF BANCO DO BRASIL (1885-1902)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Samir Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

Objective: The article aims to study the slavery discourse in Brazil at the end of the 19th century. Method and approach: Specifically, carry out a critical analysis of the discourse of Banco do Brasil's financial statements and annual reports between 1885 and 1902 using concepts from Karl Marx's political theory: reification, commoditization and dehumanization. Main results: We argue that the ideology practiced in relation to the slave shows the superstructure necessary for the structure. We suggest that the discourse employed reified the slave, considering it as a thing; commoditizing the slave, including its exchange value, as an asset, as a guarantee, depriving it of all form of human dignity (dehumanization). Contributions: By studying accounting with a critical purpose, we can contribute to other uses of our discipline, such as discourse employed and its dialectics in accounting practice. In this sense, the discourse is justified and makes slavery part of the national ruling class's conception of the world, which must permeate throughout society. Originality/relevance: This paper contributes to the understanding of how accounting, including its discourse and concepts can be used by the ruling class to justify racism and slavery in Brazil.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of COVID Spillover and Online Education Pedagogy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1(V)) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Haroon Aziz ◽  
Samina Malik ◽  
Abdul Ahad ◽  
Umair Javed
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Critical Area ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
The World ◽  
E Learning

This paper has touched one of the most critical area affected due to pandemic situation created by the COVID-19 and its powerful spillover effect on education sector by customizing education pedagogy. Earlier researchers have studied online education separately, whereas this paper discussed the natural transition and systematic review of upsurge of e-learning. The objective of this paper is to make the systematic review of COVID spillover and transition towards e-learning education pedagogy through theoretical framework. The study makes systematic review of switchover towards e-learning and spillover effect of COVID-19 and customization of the education pedagogy. In this study, past literature has been utilized to make critical analysis of spillover effect of COVID-19 and impact on education pedagogy by creation of prepositions. The findings of the study reveal that in the exceptional circumstances of COVID-19, e-learning transition has taken place from conventional to e-learning modules. All over the world, countries have shifted towards online education by schooling out but classes in campaign ignited by Chinese government. The same has also been replicated in other countries of the world during COVID-19.

scholarly journals A Discourse on the Contemporary Relevance of the Educational Underpinning of Plato’s Political Philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Olaiya Olajumoke Olufunmilola
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
Social Ordering ◽  
Plato's Political Philosophy ◽  
Better Than

The journey towards social ordering and the need to make life much better than it used to be is one of the principal motivations for political philosophy. Hence, there are as much political theories to this effect as there are political philosophers and scientists. Whereas the aim of the present research is to consider what kind of political theory can assist in social ordering, it does this, taking cognizance of the pedagogical postulates of the political scholar, Plato. In other words, this research reconsiders the educational underpinning of Plato’s political philosophy for use in the quest toward the agenda of attaining nationhood in Nigeria. This comes as a consequence of the urgency to correct the ugly trend(s) that have greeted the educational system of the country as well as the failure of the social sciences to provide the much sought succor. This approach is sacrosanct because of the undue but accentuated emphases that have been given to the social sciences as the domain from which development and nationhood can spring. Incidentally, the journey toward nationhood for Nigeria, continues to be one of the most disturbing dilemmas that continues to haunt the country. Via the method of critical analysis, this essay argues that Plato’s political philosophy has some educational ideals that present implications for contemporaneous nature or character of contemporary Nigeria. By giving emphasis on his reflections on the principle of specialization, this study is able to argue that the spirited application of this ideal for contemporary Nigeria via pedagogy will go a long way to birth the much sought nationhood. Political philosophy needs pedagogy to be able to realize its ideals. Unless this initiative is underscored, this essay submits, the quest for nationhood will continue to lament in the labyrinth of folly and backwardness.

scholarly journals Aesthetic and World Politics by Roland Bleiker. Basingtoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Hardcover: 271 pp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Siti Aliyuna Pratisti ◽  
Junita Budi Rachman
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
International Political Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
The Aesthetic

Aesthetic approach to politics is not really something considered as a novelty. Immanuel Kant has described the aesthetic relationship with rationality way back in the 17th century, as well as Friedrich Nietzsche and Jaques Rancier as a more contemporary counterpart. In the field of international relations, the study of aesthetics has been raised by a number of reviewers – from James Der Derian, Costas Constantinou, David Campbell, to Anthony Burke – who began to lay aesthetics as a foothold in approaching various phenomena. Roland Bleiker is one of the most consistent among them. In an essay entitled "The Aesthetic Turn in International Political Theory", Bleiker opened the discourse to establish aesthetics as one of the paradigms in international political theory. His essay is published in 2001, contrasts with the majority of international political theories that always try to "catch the world as it is". Bleiker assumes that there is always a distance between representation and what it represents. Through aesthetics, he criticizes approaches that fill this theoretical gap with mimetic ideas. He emphasizes that aesthetic studies do not try to mimic the reality, but it is trying to recognize the various emotions and sensibilities in the formation of a certain representation. The great role of "emotion" in politics is further explained by Bleiker through an essay entitled “Fear No More: Emotions and World Politics”, published seven years after.

scholarly journals Civic Identity: Diversity of Meanings and Achievement of Solidarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-658
Author(s):  
Maria M. Mchedlova ◽  
Hovhannes L. Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
Identity Concept

The concept of identity reflects the ongoing shifts in political theories when external parameters that did not previously fall into the optics of political research become a part of political reflection and political analysis. Emphasizing sociocultural issues captures not only the departure from the linear normativity of political theory and pragmatics but also the search for modern explanatory models that cannot be reduced merely to institutional determinism. The controversy and ambiguity of the civic identity concept are imposed on the need for interpreting the formation of civic communities in the newly emerged independent countries after the collapse of the Soviet Union (on the example of Russia and Armenia), including the possibilities of protest and project identity. Methodologically the article is based on the perception that the construction of civic identity cannot be reduced to the normative understanding only. The authors bring out the causal complexes that predetermine the construction of civic identity, while also highlighting the differences in how civic communities and their value focuses are perceived and constructed in Russia and Armenia. The authors also define the general features of civic identity, which can be described as a common basis of solidarity, the removal of particularity and a shared vision of the future.

scholarly journals Genealogy of Experiential Frames: Methodological Notes on Arendt

Genealogy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ari-Elmeri Hyvönen
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Process Thinking ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Human Condition

This article seeks to add a new theoretical voice to the tradition of genealogical inquiry in political theory and beyond by offering a re-reading of the thought of Hannah Arendt. Going beyond the letter of her thought, in this article I propose that placing Arendt in the genealogical tradition of inquiry (particularly its Foucauldian strand) helps to make sense of what she was “up to” when she turned to history in her work, especially in the analysis of totalitarianism and the account of modernity presented in The Human Condition. I will specifically highlight the historical emergence of “process-thinking” that Arendt traces across her writings. The article seeks to sketch a unique approach to genealogical inquiry that can be taken up by anyone interested in critical analysis of our present age and its politics. Towards the end of the essay, I elaborate this approach methodologically by making a reference to frame analysis. Thus, I articulate a “genealogical frame analysis”, an inquiry into historical emergence of various metaphors and frames that organize our experience of the world. I also highlight the centrality of events for Arendt’s genealogy, as well as its role in a broader set of world-building practices.

scholarly journals A FORMAÇÃO VIRTUOSA NA ESCOLA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Giórgia Andrade Regiani Ferreira Martins ◽  
Alonso Bezerra de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
World Views ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Pedagogical Training ◽  
The World ◽  
Contemporary School ◽  
Ethical Formation

The reflection on the field of Ethics has always permeated philosophical reflection. Ethics can not be dissociated from citizen formation and the formation of the critical subject in relation to the world and social relations. The objective of this dissertation is to draw a dialogue with the Ethics, from authors like Kant and Aristotle. It discusses through the theoretical framework the conditions and processes in which the virtuous formation of man is given. It brings some reflections on the contemporary school. This issue is indissociable from a pedagogical training geared towards human, critical and citizen formation. The exchanges, experiential and world views constitute a complex web of meanings for a rich reflexive, ethical and philosophical formation to the student. In this sense, the school has the potential to be explored, even though it is still incipient, since its formation and learning processes that lead to autonomy and ample virtuous and ethical formation, to think and read the world critically have not been unleashed.

Feminism in Radical Democracy and Japanese Political Theory: Mouffe, Pateman, Young, and “Essentialism”

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-28
Author(s):  
Ryūsaku Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Radical Democracy ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Chantal Mouffe ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Iris Marion Young ◽  
Agonistic Pluralism

Abstract This paper examines feminist arguments in radical democracy and Japanese responses to them. Although feminist insights are significant intellectual sources of radical democracy, recent political theorists have tended to exclusively consider radical democracy as agonistic pluralism. The radical democratic thinker Chantal Mouffe, who is very popular among Japanese political theorists and philosophers, criticizes the “essentialist” tendency of two feminist political theorists, namely Carole Pateman and Iris Marion Young. First this paper examines Mouffe’s critique of the two theorists. Second, it evaluates the relevance of Mouffe’s criticism of Pateman and Young by reconsidering their ideas on democracy and citizenship. Third, it engages the works of a few Japanese political theorists who respond to the issue of essentialism and points out the problems involved in the introduction of radical democracy in Japan and in Japanese feminist political theory. Finally, this paper concludes that we are still in the early stages of introducing and absorbing foreign feminist political theories into Japan as opposed to developing original Japanese feminist political theory to share with the world.

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