Class and Conflict

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-247
Author(s):  
William L. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Upper Class ◽  
The South ◽  
Upper Echelon ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
And Behavior

Chapter 3 begins by reviewing the depictions of class differences among slaveholding and nonslaveholding whites in the South, centering on the contempt the narrators expressed toward “lazy” and “idle” slaveholders and “mean masters.” Yet some narratives recount class-based alliances between upper-echelon slaves and their “friends” in the white upper class. This chapter explores dissension the narrators attributed to envy, treachery, betrayal, and threats of violence between a favored “confidential” minority of domestic or skilled slaves and a resentful enslaved majority. The chapter examines narrative depictions of conflict, verbal and physical, between whites and blacks whose “impudent” bearing, speech, and behavior often identified them, insofar as the indignant whites were concerned, as intractable “gentlemen” and “lady” slaves. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the class implications of Douglass’s memory of a fight between an enslaved woman, Nelly Kellem, and an overseer in My Bondage and My Freedom.

scholarly journals Judgments of interpersonal warmth predict class-based voting preferences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinth Jia Xin Tan ◽  
Michael W. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Class Member ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Warmth ◽  
Political Figure

The present research examined how social class groups shape patterns of political participation. Drawing on research linking lower-class individuals to heightened attunement to others’ needs and behavior, we predicted that lower-class individuals would be more sensitive to different types of warm messages, modulating their trust and voting behavior more acutely to these messages than upper-class individuals. In Experiment 1, lower-class participants showed reduced trust and voting preferences for a candidate depicted as warm by common political tropes relative to upper-class participants, while no class differences were found for the candidate depicted as competent or hostile to an opponent. In Experiment 2, lower-class participants reported greater trust and support for a political figure described as warm by a lower-class member than upper-class participants, but no class difference was observed when the description was by an upper-class member. These findings have implications for cross-class communication with political elites and basic person perception.

Secondary High Tones in Koshikijima Japanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Haruo Kubozono
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
The South ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
South Of Japan ◽  
Remote Islands ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract This paper examines the nature and behavior of secondary H(igh) tones in Koshikijima Japanese, a highly endangered dialect spoken on three small, remote islands in the south of Japan. This dialect generally has a mora-counting prosodic system with two distinctive accent types/classes (Type A and Type B), and displays two H tones, primary and secondary, in words of three or more moras: The primary H tone appears on the penultimate and final moras in Type A and Type B, respectively, whereas the secondary H tone occurs at the beginning of the word redundantly. Koshikijima Japanese displays regional variations with respect to the secondary H tone, particularly regarding its domain/position, its (in)dependence on the primary H tone, its interaction with the syllable, and its behavior in postlexical phonology. This paper examines how the secondary H tone behaves differently in three distinct accent systems of the dialect: (i) the system described by Takaji Kamimura eighty years ago, (ii) the one that is found quite extensively on the islands today, including Kamimura’s native village (Nakakoshiki) and Teuchi Village, and (iii) the system observed in Kuwanoura Village today. Comparing the three accent systems, this paper also proposes historical scenarios to account for the different behaviors of the secondary H tone across time and space.

scholarly journals Partner Commitment in Close Relationships Mitigates Social Class Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinth Jia Xin Tan ◽  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
Emily Impett ◽  
Dacher Keltner
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Relationship

Close relationships can be a source of positive subjective well-being for lower-class individuals, but stresses of lower-class environments tend to negatively impact those relationships. The present research demonstrates that a partner’s commitment in close relationships buffers against the negative impact of lower-class environments on relationships, mitigating social class differences in subjective well-being. In two samples of close relationship dyads, we found that when partners reported low commitment to the relationship, relatively lower-class individuals experienced poorer well-being than their upper-class counterparts, assessed as life satisfaction among romantic couples (Study 1) and negative affect linked to depression among ethnically diverse close friendships (Study 2). Conversely, when partners reported high commitment to the relationship, deficits in the well-being of lower-class relative to upper-class individuals were attenuated. Implications of these findings for upending the class divide in subjective well-being are discussed.

scholarly journals Hierarchies of whiteness in the geographies of empire: Thomas Thistlewood and the Barrets of Jamaica

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-43
Author(s):  
Cecilia A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
The Family ◽  
Racial Solidarity ◽  
White Settlers

Shows how a racial solidarity between whites in colonial Jamaica during slavery developed, but covered class differences between whites. Author examines the differences between the lesser-white, socially mobile settlers, and the upper plantocracy. She looks especially at social-structural factors, in particular genealogy and reproduction, that separated upper plantocratic families and dynasties, with connections with Britain, e.g. through absentee plantation owners, from less wealthy white settlers, that obtained intermediate positions as overseers, and generally were single males. She relates this further to the context with a white minority and a majority of slaves, and with relatively less women than men among the whites, that influenced differing reproductive patterns. The upper-class tended to achieve white marrying partners from Britain, alongside having children with slaves or people of colour, while lower-class whites mostly reproduced only in this last way. Author exemplifies this difference by juxtaposing the family histories and relationships, and relative social positions of Thomas Thistlewood, an overseer who came alone, and had an intermediate position, and the upper-class wealthy Barrett family, who were large land and slave owners, and established a powerful white dynasty in Jamaica, with British connections, over centuries, and that also included, sidelined, coloured offspring.

Platinum Group Elements in the South Transbaikalian Basanites (First Data)

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1036-1044
Author(s):  
A.Ya. Medvedev ◽  
A.A. Karimov ◽  
V.A. Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Siberian Platform ◽  
Platinum Group Elements ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Large Igneous Provinces ◽  
Igneous Provinces ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Geodynamic Reconstructions ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Abstract —Study of the behavior and distribution of platinum group elements (PGE), along with other data, is necessary for geodynamic reconstructions. There are almost no PGE data for Transbaikalia, one of the large regions of Russia. This work presents the first data on the contents and behavior of PGE in the Cenozoic intraplate alkali basaltoids of southern Transbaikalia. The total PGE contents are 20–40 ppb. The PGE pattern of the studied basanites is similar to those of mafic OIB, including the Hawaiian ones, and rocks of large igneous provinces: tholeiitic basalts of the Siberian Platform and basaltoids of the West Siberian Plate. Based on this similarity and on the intraplate location of the South Transbaikalian basanites, we have concluded that the basanitic melts formed under mantle plume impact.

Etude tectonique de la region sud de la Nerthe

1966 ◽  
Vol S7-VIII (5) ◽  
pp. 712-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Froget ◽  
Gerard Guieu ◽  
Max Robert Roux
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Tectonic Study ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sketch Map

Abstract Stratigraphic and tectonic study of the southern Nerthe [Mediterranean coast of France] is based on a sketch map at 1:5,000. The most prominent feature of the region is the presence of the middle and upper Cretaceous, which most commonly forms depressions (B) arranged in synclines or eroded and buried anticlines: to the north under the inverted edge of an anticline (A); to the south, under the front of an overthrust (C). The structure and behavior of units (A), (B), and (C) are defined. Units (A) and (C) had a tendency to be displaced in opposite directions, after sinking of the medial unit (B), becoming somewhat mutually overlapped (the Grand-Vallat). The major fault placing these units in contact is transformed toward the Graffian [highlands] into a complex network of fractures gradually connecting with the Triassic axis of the Rove. Relations with adjacent tectonic units are considered (Etoile overthrust, Marseilles basin). A chronology of the different movements is proposed, from the upper Cretaceous to the Miocene, based on a general examination of the folded zone north of Marseilles.

scholarly journals A new frog of the Leptodactylus fuscus species group (Anura: Leptodactylidae), endemic from the South American Gran Chaco

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosio G. Schneider ◽  
Dario E. Cardozo ◽  
Francisco Brusquetti ◽  
Francisco Kolenc ◽  
Claudio Borteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Species Group ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Gran Chaco ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Leptodactylus frog (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the South American Gran Chaco, morphologically similar and previously confused with the widespread Leptodactylus mystacinus, is described through the use of multiple sources of evidence (molecular, external morphology, coloration, osteology, bioacoustics, and behavior). The phylogenetic analysis with partial sequences of mitochondrial rDNA genes (12S and 16S) recovered the new species within the L. fuscus group, being highly divergent (>3% genetic distance in 16S). The new species was recovered as sister taxa of L. mystacinus, from which it is distinguished by tympanum coloration, cephalic index, dorsum and legs coloration, and some osteological differences in nasals and prevomers. This new frog is characterized by a moderate body size (SVL 46.80–66.21 mm), distinctive color pattern (reddish dorsal surfaces of body with noticeable black stripes in the dorsolateral folds), a circular and dark tympanum with dark tympanic annuli, and behavior of males that call on top of fallen logs and tree branches close to the ground.

The Class–Compassion Gap

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Piff ◽  
Jake P. Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
And Behavior

Who is more likely to experience compassion: someone who is rich or someone who is poor? In this chapter, we review how psychological science can shed light on this question. We argue that social class differences in objective material resources (e.g., income) and corresponding subjective perceptions of rank produce self- versus other-oriented patterns of social cognition and behavior among upper- and lower-class individuals, respectively. Extending this framework to the domain of compassion, empirical studies find that individuals from lower social class backgrounds are more prone to feelings of compassion and more likely to behave in ways that are compassionate, including sharing with, caring for, and helping others, relative to individuals from higher social class backgrounds. We describe boundary conditions and mitigating factors to the class–compassion gap, and conclude by outlining important questions and lines of inquiry to guide future research.

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