Internet Technology and Political Protest

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Nils B. Weidmann ◽  
Espen Geelmuyden Rød
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Internet Penetration ◽  
And Diffusion

The chapter proposes a refined theoretical approach to distinguish the conditions under which digital technology fosters the emergence of protest, and under which it suppresses it. At the core of this theory is the observation that control of the Internet is asymmetrical, where governments decide when and where to introduce and expand this technology in their countries. Facing economic pressure to innovate, governments will try to minimize political risks using the Internet to improve governance, but also to censor content and improve surveillance. Hence, increasing Internet penetration should be related to reduced protest occurrence in the long run. Once protest has broken out, however, it is difficult to quickly contain the spread of ongoing dissent through online channels, which is why the Internet may foster the persistence and diffusion of protest. The chapter also highlights that the effect of digital communication on protest has to be considered in conjunction with traditional means of repression that continue to be available to autocratic governments.

The Internet and Political Protest in Autocracies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils B. Weidmann ◽  
Espen Geelmuyden Rød
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Internet Penetration ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Autocratic Politics ◽  
High Degree

In the aftermath of recent popular uprisings in dictatorships, many observers argued that information and communication technologies, notably the Internet, played a key role in the mobilization of political protest. This book unpacks when and under which circumstances Internet technology can benefit opposition activists aiming to mobilize protests, and when the technology plays into the hands of autocratic governments. Since autocratic governments enjoy a high degree of control over the introduction and expansion of Internet technology and over digital communication ows, the book argues that it should help them keep levels of protest low in the long-term. However, once protest has started, short-term government intervention becomes more difficult, which is why Internet technology can catalyze ongoing episodes of unrest. The book presents detailed empirical analyses of the relationship between the use of Internet technology and protest in autocracies. By leveraging new sub-national data on political protest and Internet penetration, these analysis cover more than sixty autocratic countries at the level of cities. The results show that higher levels of Internet penetration in cities reduce the overall occurrence of protest in dictatorships, but once protest has started, the Internet contributes to the continuation of protest in the same city as well as its diffusion to other locations. By examining the use of the Internet by governments in relation to other means of autocratic repression, the book also demonstrates the technological modernization of autocratic politics, where digital repression via the Internet partly substitutes traditional forms of political control.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nils B. Weidmann ◽  
Espen Geelmuyden Rød
Keyword(s):  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Internet Penetration ◽  
Autocratic Regimes

The introduction of the book starts out by distinguishing between two narratives about the effect of the Internet in autocratic systems: According to “liberation technology” proponents, Internet technology is likely to empower activists in autocracies by reducing autocratic governments ability to control the ow of information and communication, while the “repression technology” perspective emphasizes the sinister ways by which autocratic regimes can use the Internet for propaganda and surveillance. The chapter argues that in order to advance the scientific debate, research should move beyond this overly simple distinction, and needs to identify the conditions under which this technology helps protesters vs. when it benefits dictators. This requires a more nuanced conception of protest and its different stages, but also better, more fine-grained data of protest and Internet penetration.

ICT Based Training Path of Sports Humanistic Spirit under Internet Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Taijiang MU ◽  
Yuntao WANG
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Internet Education ◽  
The Core ◽  
Humanistic Spirit ◽  
Education Model ◽  
Training Path

modern education is based on the scientific outlook on development, taking human development as the core of the work and adhering to the concept of people-oriented education. With the continuous improvement of Internet technology, the advantages of the "Internet + education" model have emerged. Through the Internet technology and the integration of sports teaching work, will not only contribute to the solution of the problems in present sports teaching work, also can stimulate students' learning enthusiasm, real progress on training students' humanistic spirit. In fact, by campus teaching organic integration with the Internet technology, to promote the students' cultural quality, moral level and humanistic spirit, it has become a focus of attention in current education work. Under the current situation, the "Internet + education" model is also shoulding the burden of cultivating its humanistic spirit on the basis of improving students' physique and entertainment.

Reinforcement or Substitution? Internet and Protest across Different Autocracies

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-142
Author(s):  
Nils B. Weidmann ◽  
Espen Geelmuyden Rød
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Political Control ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Internet Penetration ◽  
Autocratic Regimes

Autocratic regimes differ in the extent of individual freedoms they grant their citizens. In particular, in some autocracies, citizens are allowed to form organizations, while in others, freedom of association is severely restricted. Does digital communication serve as an alternative means to mobilize, thereby bypassing traditional restrictions in autocracies? The book analyzes the effect of Internet penetration on protest across different national environments, to test if the effect varies across depending on existing strategies of autocratic rule. In particular, it distinguishes between two scenarios: reinforcement of traditional forms of authoritarian control, where the Internet is used to strengthen traditional repression, and substitution, where the Internet helps autocratic governments regain control they have given up by partly liberalizing the political arena. The chapter presents empirical evidence in support of the latter scenario, which suggests that the Internet helps autocrats maintain political control that they no longer have through institutional channels.

Political Mobilization in Autocracies in the Digital Age

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Nils B. Weidmann ◽  
Espen Geelmuyden Rød
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Transmitted Information ◽  
Government Interference ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 2 first defines the main concepts of the book. It uses the well-known framework of explanations for political protest, consisting of individual motives, resource mobilization, and political opportunity. In comparison to conventional communication technologies such as newspapers, television, and phones, the advent of the Internet affects protest mobilization in different ways: it increases the speed and availability of the network, changes the nature of the transmitted information, and possesses a network structure that can be less susceptible to government interference. The chapter reviews the existing literature on the relationship between Internet technology and protest within the framework of motives, mobilization, and political opportunity. Even though this literature has recognized that the Internet is neither exclusively beneficial nor detrimental to protest mobilization, it still has failed to identify the conditions under which digital technology helps protesters or autocratic governments.

Analisis Keefektivitasan Pemanfaatan E-Learning Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Masa Pandemi Corona (Covid-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-894
Author(s):  
Yeni Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
E Learning

Abstract The internet can be made as a way to transfer knowledge from lecturers to students, while Learning that utilizes the internet is one of the E-Learning Learning media. E-learning is distance learning that utilizes computer technology or computer networks or the Internet E-learning, so that it can enable the learning process through computers in their respective places without having to physically go to attend classes or lectures in class, Systems e-learning learning is a new way of teaching and learning. E-learning as a special learning media PAI courses provide a very important role and a large function in the course because so far there are many shortcomings and weaknesses such as the limitations of space and time in the teaching and learning process through E-learning which prioritizes the efficiency of learning so students get full teaching even though they do not have to be face to face, can also be accessed anywhere, anytime, according to the assignments given by the lecturer usually scheduled with a specified deadline. The development of education towards e-learning is a must so that the quality standards of education can be improved, E-learning is one of the uses of internet technology in the delivery of learning and its broad reach. E-learning can also be an answer to a health problem that is Pandemic Corona (Covid-19) which is very influential also in every aspect of life, especially in education.Keywords: Effectiveness, Utilization, Islamic Religious Education, E-Learning, Covid 19. Abstrak Internet dapat dijadikan cara untuk mentransfer ilmu pengetahuan dari Dosen kepada mahasiswa/mahasiswi. Adapun Pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan internet salah satunya adalah media pembelajaran E-Learning. E-learning adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh (distance learning) yang memanfaatkan  teknologi komputer atau jaringan komputer atau internet E-learning, sehingga dapat  memungkinkan proses pembelajaran melalui komputer di tempat mereka  masing– masing tanpa harus secara fisik  pergi  mengikuti pelajaran atau pun  perkuliahan di kelas,  Sistem pembelajaran e-learning adalah cara baru dalam proses belajar mengajar. E-learning  sebagai   media pembelajaran khususnya mata kuliah PAI memberikan  peran   sangat   penting  dan fungsi yang besar pada mata kuliah tersebut karena selama  ini terdapat banyak  kekurangan  dan kelemahan seperti keterbatasan ruang dan waktu dalam  proses belajar  mengajar melalui E-learning yang  mengedepankan keefisienan dalam belajar sehingga  mahasiswa mendapat pengajaran yang penuh meski tidak harus bertatap muka, juga bisa di akses di mana saja, kapan saja,  sesuai dengan tugas yang diberikan oleh dosen biasanya terjadwal dengan  batas  waktu  yang  di tentukan. Pengembangan  pendidikan menuju e-learning merupakan suatu keharusan agar standar mutu pendidikan dapat ditingkatkan,  E-learning merupakan salah satu penggunaan teknologi internet dalam penyampaian  pembelajaran  serta  jangkauannya yang luas. E-learning  juga dapat menjadi jawaban dari suatu permasalahan kesehatan yaitu Pandemi Corona (Covid-19) ini yang sangat berpengaruh juga pada setiap aspek kehidupan terutama bidang pendidikan.Kata kunci  :  Keefektifitas, Pemanfaatan, Pendidikan Agama Islam,  E-Learning, Covid 19.  

PEMBELAJARAN E-LEARNING

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuke Lulu Ul Chusna
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Learning Culture ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Context Of Learning ◽  
Present Subject

The internet can be used as a way to transfer knowledge from teachers to students. Learning that utilizes the development of technology and information, namely the internet, one of which is the e-learning learning system. E-learning is a form of conventional learning that is transferred in digital format through internet technology, not only to present subject matter on the internet but also must be in accordance with the principles of learning.The e-learning learning model results in changes in learning culture in the context of learning. Learning becomes very flexible, because it can be adjusted to the availability of time from students in learning the material provided by the teacher.The teacher determines the success of students in learning, therefore teachers are required to have the ability to adapt to technological progress. Keywords: ICT,e-learning, e-learning learning

Worry and Permissive Parenting in Association with the Development of Internet Addiction in Children: A Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chuen Yee Lo ◽  
Nok Man Lai ◽  
Ting Kin Ng ◽  
Haobi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Permissive Parenting

BACKGROUND With growing accessibility and need over the past decades, the Internet has experienced a rapid increase in use globally. Specifically, with the accelerated development in information technology, more than 90% of Hong Kong’s citizens use the Internet, and 70% of children in the age group of 6-17 have daily access to it. However, despite the benefits of Internet technology, its addiction could pose serious social and health issues. Therefore, conducting research to investigate its causes and risk factors is fundamental. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the relationship between worry and Internet addiction among children in Hong Kong, and investigated the moderating effect of the permissive parenting style on such relationship. METHODS The participants consisted of 227 fourth-grade and fifth-grade students (120 males, 52.9%) from primary schools in Hong Kong with a mean age of 9.55 (SD = .58). Each participant was asked to complete the questionnaires, including the Internet Addiction Test for Internet addiction, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children for worry, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire for the permissive parenting style. RESULTS The results indicated that worry was related to greater Internet addiction among children. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect of the permissive parenting style such that the positive association between worry and Internet addiction was stronger when the permissive parenting style was higher. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that parenting styles are influential in the prevention of Internet addiction.

Citizen Deliberation Online

2019 ◽  
pp. 689-712
Author(s):  
Patrícia Rossini ◽  
Jennifer Stromer-Galley
Keyword(s):  
Political Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Conversation ◽  
Political Talk ◽  
Citizen Deliberation ◽  
The Impact

Political conversation is at the heart of democratic societies, and it is an important precursor of political engagement. As society has become intertwined with the communication infrastructure of the Internet, we need to understand its uses and the implications of those uses for democracy. This chapter provides an overview of the core topics of scholarly concern around online citizen deliberation, focusing on three key areas of research: the standards of quality of communication and the normative stance on citizen deliberation online; the impact and importance of digital platforms in structuring political talk; and the differences between formal and informal political talk spaces. After providing a critical review of these three major areas of research, we outline directions for future research on online citizen deliberation.

Sustainable Security for the Internet of Things Using Artificial Intelligence Architectures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Celestine Iwendi ◽  
Saif Ur Rehman ◽  
Abdul Rehman Javed ◽  
Suleman Khan ◽  
Gautam Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Private Data ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Better Than

In this digital age, human dependency on technology in various fields has been increasing tremendously. Torrential amounts of different electronic products are being manufactured daily for everyday use. With this advancement in the world of Internet technology, cybersecurity of software and hardware systems are now prerequisites for major business’ operations. Every technology on the market has multiple vulnerabilities that are exploited by hackers and cyber-criminals daily to manipulate data sometimes for malicious purposes. In any system, the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a fundamental component for ensuring the security of devices from digital attacks. Recognition of new developing digital threats is getting harder for existing IDS. Furthermore, advanced frameworks are required for IDS to function both efficiently and effectively. The commonly observed cyber-attacks in the business domain include minor attacks used for stealing private data. This article presents a deep learning methodology for detecting cyber-attacks on the Internet of Things using a Long Short Term Networks classifier. Our extensive experimental testing show an Accuracy of 99.09%, F1-score of 99.46%, and Recall of 99.51%, respectively. A detailed metric representing our results in tabular form was used to compare how our model was better than other state-of-the-art models in detecting cyber-attacks with proficiency.

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