Internal Party Democracy in Tanzania
This chapter discusses the state of intraparty democracy in Tanzania. It traces the functioning and management of political parties since the country restored plural politics in 1992 by looking at both the ruling party and the opposition. Intraparty democracy is conceived of in this chapter as a key ingredient in ensuring social stability and harmony as well as the development of political parties. The chapter shows that intraparty democracy across all political parties is limited but that the situation is more disappointing in the case of the opposition. Using the two yardsticks of elections and decision-making, it maintains that limited internal party democracy can be attributed to several factors, including the undue influence of party founders, the dysfunctional nature of party structures, and the limited voice that ordinary members have as a result of their persistent disempowerment by senior leadership. Other factors include the influence of clientelistic networks and the weaknesses of oversight bodies and the legal framework. Against this backdrop, the chapter argues that making progress in promoting intraparty democracy would require a number of interventions. Among them are building the capacity of political parties and reviewing the legal framework so as to increase the rights and protection of members. The chapter also recommends actions to ensure greater representation of special groups—such as women and persons with disabilities—in decision-making, and suggests that civic education be provided to ordinary members of political parties to improve their ability to hold leadership to account.