Remedies in BRICS Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Avdasheva ◽  
Tatiana Radchenko
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
International Division ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Target Company ◽  
Specific Position

Within the group of BRICS, China, Russia, and South Africa use conduct remedies more often than developed jurisdictions. Remedies are applied under merger approval or as an outcome of investigation of anticompetitive conducts. Effects of conduct remedies on companies’ decisions and market performance still need explanation. This chapter explains the use of conduct remedies, with special emphasis on Russia, by the specific position of BRICS in international division of labor, which allows the large companies, and first of all domestic ones, to discriminate customers in BRICS home markets, vis-à-vis international customers. Together with positive effects on domestic customers, competition economics predicts the possibility of negative effects of remedies on the managerial decisions within the target company. Under some circumstances, remedies may even weaken competition in the global product markets.

scholarly journals Do Human Capital Investment and Technological Innovation Have a Permanent Effect on Population Health? An Asymmetric Analysis of BRICS Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Gao Hu ◽  
Li-Peng Yao
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study examines the asymmetric impact of human capital investment, and technological innovation on population health from the years spanning from 1991 to 2019, by using a panel of the BRICS countries. For this purpose, we have employed the PMG panel NARDL approach, which captures the long-run and short-run dynamics of the concerned variables. The empirical results show that human capital investment and technological innovation indeed happen to exert asymmetric effects on the dynamics of health in BRICS countries. Findings also reveal that increased human capital investment and technological innovation have positive effects on health, while the deceased human capital investment and technological innovation tend to have negative effects on population health in the long run. Based on these revelations, some policy recommendations have been proposed for BRICS economies.

scholarly journals The socio-economic situation in South Africa in the early 2000-ies

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Irina B Mitrofanova ◽  
Vladimir L Liozner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
International Division ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Apartheid Regime ◽  
International Division Of Labor

The article describes political changes, unstable economic development and the difficult social situation in the country after the fall of the apartheid regime. South Africa’s raw materials orientation in the international division of labor and the weak development of manufacturing industries due to the narrow domestic market and lack of investment are shown. The factors that reduce economic growth rates have been identified: low investment activity in the country, declining volumes of foreign investment, a backward structure of industrial production in which extractive industries dominate, rising unemployment, low levels of education, and health care. The characteristic of the catastrophic stratification of South African society, the position of the white minority is given. The place of the country in the international division of labor is shown. Considered the main sectors of the economy of South Africa, among them: industry, agriculture, financial sector and transport network. After the abolition of the apartheid regime, South Africa retained in its foreign trade an emphasis on the export of mineral raw materials, coal and metallurgy products. Today, South Africa faces a number of serious socio-economic problems, generated both by the legacy of apartheid and by the influence of modern factors, both internal and external, that directly affect the country's economy and mutually aggravate each other. Second, a low level of education is a major socio-economic problem in South Africa. It takes a countdown from the days of apartheid, when the broad masses of a non-full population were either completely illiterate or received an education of poor quality. Thirdly, a serious problem is the glaring level of social stratification and poverty, which has been preserved since the days of apartheid.

scholarly journals Factors that contribute to public sector nurses’ turnover in Limpopo province of South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takalani G. Tshitangano
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon

Background: The ongoing worldwide phenomenon of a shortage of about 4.3 million nurses and midwives poses a threat to health service delivery. Limpopo province had the worst nurse shortage of over 60% in 2010. Authors attribute this shortage to turnover of nurses. The quest to describe factors contributing to nurses’ turnover led to this study in Limpopo province,South Africa.Objectives: To explore and describe factors that contribute to nurses’ turnover in Limpopo province of South Africa by assessing public sector nurses’ job satisfaction in relation to common determinants of job satisfaction.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional approach used primary quantitative data collected from 141 of 380 respondents (31.1% response rate) contacted incidentally. Self-administered hand delivered questionnaires were used to gather ordinal data, which were analysed in terms off requency and percentage tables using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 6. The sum of positive and negative effects was used to determine satisfaction; if positive effects were greater than negative effects respondents were judged to be satisfied and vice versa.Results: Frequency and percentage tables revealed that nurses in Limpopo province were more dissatisfied (53.9%) than satisfied (37.8%) with their jobs. Factors which respondents were found to be dissatisfied with included staffing (85.2%), availability of workplace resources(83.7%), salaries (78.8%), workplace safety (73.7%), career development opportunities (64.5%) and hours of work (47.6%).Conclusion: Nurses’ turnover is attributed to nurses’ dissatisfaction with staffing, resources, salaries and workplace safety. Attention needs to be given to these specific issues if retentionof nurses is to be achieved.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Mobilizing for Some

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffael Heiss ◽  
Jörg Matthes
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Media ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Specific Factors

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of politicians’ nonparticipatory and participatory Facebook posts on young people’s political efficacy – a key determinant of political participation. We employed an experimental design, using a sample of N = 125 high school students (15–20 years). Participants either saw a Facebook profile with no posts (control condition), nonparticipatory posts, or participatory posts. While nonparticipatory posts did not affect participants’ political efficacy, participatory posts exerted distinct effects. For those high in trait evaluations of the politician presented in the stimulus material or low in political cynicism, we found significant positive effects on external and collective efficacy. By contrast, for those low in trait evaluations or high in cynicism, we found significant negative effects on external and collective efficacy. We did not find any effects on internal efficacy. The importance of content-specific factors and individual predispositions in assessing the influence of social media use on participation is discussed.

On the diversity of the effects of the state support for agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Svetlov ◽  
Renata G. Yanbykh ◽  
Dariya A. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Support ◽  
Soft Budget Constraints ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Corporate Farms

In this paper, we assess the effects of agricultural state support of corporate farms on their revenues from agricultural production sales in 14 Russian regions that differ in technology, environment and institutional conditions. In addition to the direct effect of the state support, the indirect effects via labor and capital are revealed. For this purpose, we identify production functions and statistical models of production factors for each of these regions separately. We find out diverse effects of the state support on revenues among the regions. Positive effects prevail. Negative effects are mainly caused by labor reductions that follow subsidy inflows. Another cause of negative effects is the soft budget constraints phenomenon.

«Roses» and «thorns» of the international division of labor: dialogue with history and modernity

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221
Author(s):  
E. A. Ponuzhdaev ◽  
Tatiana A. Shpilkina
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Division ◽  
National Division ◽  
World Markets ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Trade Wars ◽  
International Division Of Labor

The authors considered historical and topical issues of the international division of labor (MRT). The analysis and parallel of MRI data by ancient scientists, researchers, scientists and experts of the XVIII, XIX, and XXI centuries. On the example of the European Union countries Greece, Spain and Portugal, the analysis of GDP, wages and unemployment as key indicators that characterize the economy of countries is carried out. The historical «cycle» of social structures is given and the dynamics of the ratio of the upper (B), middle (C) and lower (H) classes is shown. It shows the current problems of world markets, taking into account sanctions, trade wars and the consequences of the pandemic. Prospects for the national division of labor (NDT) are defined.

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