A Phenomenology of the Devout Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Christian Spirituality ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Life ◽  
Union With God ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Affective Orientation

A Phenomenology of the Devout Life offers a phenomenological approach to the kind of Christian spirituality set out in François de Sales’s Introduction to the Devout Life but with parallels in other movements in both Protestant and Catholic spirituality. Situating the subject in relation to contemporary philosophical discussions of selfhood, the book arrives at a view of the devout self as essentially motivated by an affective orientation towards God that, via the experience of temptation and the practice of humility, subordinates reason to love and ends with self-annihilation. In this annihilated condition it becomes capable of a pure love of God, devoid of self-interest, willing only what God wills. These themes of pure love and nothingness are explored with particular reference to the writings of Archbishop Fénelon. Although this may suggest that the devout life is a kind of mysticism, it is argued that as a programme for practical life in the world it is distinct from experientially oriented kinds of mysticism, though sharing the ideal of union with God. As the first of a three-part Philosophy of Christian Life, the book ends by questioning what it could mean to insist that the source of the affective lure of devotion is God.

scholarly journals Pilgrimage In The Celtic Christian Tradition

Perichoresis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Rodney Aist
Keyword(s):  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract This papers explores the diversity of pilgrim expressions in the Celtic Christian sources, focusing largely upon scriptural and theological images-namely, the image of Jerusalem, the example of Abraham, and journey as a metaphor for the earthly life. Discussion on Celtic interest in Jerusalem will focus on the text, De locis sanctis, by Adomnán of Iona (d. 704). Central to Abrahamic pilgrimage is the ideal of being a stranger, foreigner, exile and alien in the world. Columbanus (d. 615) and Columba (d. 597) are both described as pilgrims in the tradition of Abraham. The life of Patrick raises the question of the relationship between Abrahamic pilgrimage and the missionary life. The phenomenon of the seafaring monks, most famously St Brendan, will also be discussed through the lens of Abraham, while the corresponding text, The Voyage of St Brendan, will lead to a short discussion of liturgy as a form of pilgrimage. Finally, the lifelong journey of the Christian life-expressed through the metaphors of road and journey in the writings of Columbanus-will be discussed.

scholarly journals BIBLİOGRAPHİC REVİEW ABOUT TURKİCNESS AND TURKİSM

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vecihi Sefa Fuat Hekimoğlu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Independence Movements ◽  
Former Soviet Republics ◽  
The Ideal

In this article briefly provides bibliographic information about the historical development of Turkicness and the Turkism movement.Before proceeding to the information about the studies and authors,who written on the topic, the process of formation of the concepts of Turkishness and Turkism is described.It has been stated that the Turkism movement in the Ottomans was influenced by Western orientalists.Information was given about the books in which Turkists such as Ziya Gökalp and Yusuf Akçura expressed their views.Finally, studies giving information about the Turkestan independence struggle were introduced. More studies are needed on the subject in libraries and archives of Turkey and the world. The archives of the Russian Federation and former Soviet republics are among the most important resource centers on the national independence movements of the Turks under Russian rule and the development of the ideal of Turkish unity. For example, in funds numbered 1, I-1, 1010 and I-47 in the Uzbekistan State Archives, there are very important documents about the activities carried out by the Turkestan Turks for their national independence and the measures taken by the competent Russian authorities against them. Among these documents, there are many reports prepared by the Russian administrators and the papers they presented. There is very important information about the position of Islam in Turkestan, the struggle of the people of Turkestan against Russian rule, the work of Tatar teachers in the Cedit schools and the measures taken by the administration of tsarist Russia against the Jadit schools and Tatar teachers.

AN OBJECTIVITY OF THE IDEAL IN A MODERN PHILOSOPHY

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Evgenii M. Dmitrievskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Objective Existence ◽  
Form Scheme ◽  
The Ideal

The article analyzes the ideal from the position of antipsycholo- gism (objectivism), which is opposed to psychologism. The proponents of psy- chologism attributed the ideal only to the mind of an individual. Objectivists considered the existence of the ideal not only in the mind of a separate indivi- dual, but also outside of it, as a rule, allocating their own area for it in reality. But the objectivists also understood the objective existence of the ideal differ- ently. E. Husserl connected the ideal with the pure laws of logic and mathema- tics, comprehended intuitively. G. Frege extended the ideal, including the laws of nature, linking it with the meaning of the sentence. He also formulated the concept of three regions of reality, including the ideal. K. Popper extended the ideal to cultural objects and also introduced the principles of evolutionism into the world of the ideal. M. A. Lifshits connected the ideal with all objects, both the natural and cultural. He pointed to the activity of the ideal in relation to the subject. E.V. Ilyenkov understood the ideal not as an abstract image, but as a form (scheme) of human activity in the rational transformation of the reality objects revealed in social practice. He believed that the ideal exists objectively in the forms of social consciousness.

From Interpretation to Construction: Guo Xiang’s Ontological Individualism

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Vincent Shen
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ontological Individualism ◽  
The Ideal

Guo Xiang’s ontological individualism represents a case of philosophical construction based on his interpretation of the Zhuangzi. His concept of the self-transformation of the individual who is selfborn, with self-nature and without dependence on others supports the idea of individual autonomy. Nevertheless, each individual’s act for self-interest still benefits other individuals in a non-teleological mutual accommodation. The path from duhua (self-transformation) of each individual on the level of existence, to the xiangyin (mutual accommodation) among individuals on the level of action consequence, to the ideal of xuanming (ultimate concordance), is the path on which the world is to proceed.

scholarly journals The psychology of individual differences

1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Herbert Bascom Bruner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
General Impression ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Life ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Mental Tests

Text from page 1: "Although the subject of individual differences is comparatively new from the standpoint of experimental treatment, it is a theme which has been pondered over many times in practical life, from the very beginning of time. Whenever men are confronted with the problem of choosing from a great number of individuals one who can accomplish a task most efficiently, the question of individual differences immediately arises. That every man differs from his neighbor is a fact universally recognized. But what means have we at present of determining these differences? The measuring rod commonly applied is "general impression", and this is usually reliable if we have the time to form the proper impression. But it takes time. If the world of business had a few mental tests, a reliable measuring rod of an individual's ability, what a saving of time and trouble it would be."

IS DEMOCRACY THE IDEAL UNIVERSAL POLITICAL SYSTEM?

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Yusufu Turaki
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Social History ◽  
Political System ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western Hegemony ◽  
Universal Application ◽  
The Ideal

James W. Skillen’s paper on Politics In One World raises a question on whether Democracy can be advocated as the ideal universal political system. Skillen’s answer is imbedded in this: “since these political-legal practices and ideals now appear to be almost universally approved or aspired to, we might hypothesize that they transcend, or serve as the ultimate political telos, for all cultures and societies”. Not fully convinced by this assertion, Skillen proffers an ideological question: “the truth might simply be that the call for democracy and human rights around the world represents nothing more than the pressures of western hegemony?” The entire paper of Skillen examined the two answers at length. My response to this paper is not to re-state issues of agreement but to raise fundamental and universal political issues. As a Christian, there is a lot that we have in common, but given our cultural backgrounds we differ in our interpretations of social history and political philosophy and also in our understanding of the concept of democracy and its universal application. Rather, I chose to highlight my differences with Skillen on the subject, Politics In One World.

scholarly journals LA VOCACIÓN DEL ACTOR: UNA PERSPECTIVA FENOMENOLÓGICA

2021 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
David Janer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attitude ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Ideal

Con este artículo se pretende ensa-yar y mostrar la virtualidad de una fenomenología de la actitud natural —en la línea en que la desarrollan Schütz, Berger, Luckmann, Ortega e incluso el propio Goffman. El tema del análisis corresponde al mundo del “actor”, concretamente, a una perspectiva: la asunción y vivencia de la profesión como una vocación. ¿Es cierto, como suele afirmarse, que esta profesión es vocacional? ¿Y es cierto, por tanto, que el teatro es el lugar privilegiado para llevarla a cabo? Normalmente, estas son las respuestas que suelen darse. Sin embargo, tras nuestro análisis, veremos que la afirmación ni es tan fácil, ni tan cierta.The following article will attempt to explore and delve into the phenomenology of the natural attitude (along the lines of the work developed by Schütz, Berger, Luckmann, Ortega and even Goffman himself). The subject of the analysis corresponds to the world of the “actor”, more specifically to one perspective: the as- sumption and experience of this profession as a vocation. Is it true, as it is often claimed, that this profession is a vocational one? If so, is it true that the theater medium is the ideal place to conduct it? It is usually assumed that the answers to both questions are affirmative. However, after thorough analysis, we shall see that such affirmations aren’t quite as easy or as certain as they might seem.

scholarly journals MYTHOLOGY AND THEOLOGY. Second Article

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
V. M. Naydysh
Keyword(s):  
Main Function ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Epistemological Basis ◽  
The Ideal

The concept of interpretation (as a procedure for determining the values of those abstractions that are used in the theorization of knowledge, in the process of developing an abstract model of the subject) is applicable to any forms of knowledge, including systems of religious knowledge, designing the ideal model of the subject of religious veneration. The author analyzes the epistemological features of theology as a form of spiritual culture, its formation in ancient culture. It is shown that the epistemological basis for overcoming mythological consciousness was the decentralization of thinking, i.e. development of the ability of consciousness in the construction of the image, the picture of the world to correct the position of the subject, to take into account the relativity of the reference system, from the standpoint of which the subject perceives the object and transforms it into an operational system of thinking. Decentration of thinking provided the overcoming of the subjective mental boundaries of the field, giving the thinking nature of universality. Historical stages and moments of this process - the transformation of mythology into forms of folk art, mythopoetic epic, in the form of religious consciousness. In line with such transformations of archaic consciousness, cultural and historical prerequisites of theology emergence were formed. They are represented in mythopoetic art (Homer, Hesiod, etc.), ancient mythography, early traditions of critical and rationalistic interpretation of the myth, etc. The article shows the formation of allegorical theology, which became possible in the era of individualization of artistic creativity, when the visible was the difference between the motive and the purpose of activity, creative idea and its embodiment, figuratively-poetic and rationally-conceptual ways of reflecting the world, when the image of reality and its personal meaning began to be realized as different States of consciousness. The main function of any theology is the interpretation of abstract models of the subject of religious veneration (the imaginary image of the supernatural).

scholarly journals Manusia Ideal Dalam Prespektif Tasawwuf dan Filsafat (Studi Komperatis Pemikiran Ibnu Araby dan Nietsche Tentang Manusia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Ainul Fithriyah
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The Ideal

The variety of thoughts about the optimal attainment of human self and the satisfaction of human life is what may have made Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1868) deny all worldly phenomena. He saw that the world was full of suffering. Humans, as the supreme product of the basic activities of the world, are in fact the most unfortunate creatures. Therefore, humans will be able to achieve happiness when they are able to kill passions and cravings. Studies on the optimal achievement of humans and the meaning of human life from the two figures above, are still important and beneficial to do. Because the concept of the ideal human being is a model and example for us that we can emulate or maybe we can make it happen if we feel fit and believe in the truth. But the question might arise, is it still relevant to study the thoughts of long-dead figures such as Ibn Arabi and Neitzsche? in the opinion of the author, the study of their thinking is still relevant. Because in their thoughts are contained eternal pearls, and because of the peculiarity of each thought. This is evident if we pay attention today, where the thoughts of the two figures are still the subject of study in various countries, both in the West and the East. The works that examine Nietzsche's thoughts about the Ubermensch man include the work of Chairul Arifin, entitled The will to power: Briedrich Nietzsche. This book discusses Nietzsche's views on human beings and his anti-theism. These two thoughts are then connected by the author of this book with Nietzsche's main thought, namely the will to power. And in one of its chapters, the book also examines the concept of Ubermensch Nietzsche. Another work that addresses Nietzsche and Nietzsche's main ideas, including Ubermensch in a separate chapter is Nietzsche by St Sunardi. Besides that, there are other books. Of the books mentioned above and others to the best of the author's knowledge, there has never been found a work that specifically compares Ibn Arabi's insan kamil concept and Nietzsche's Ubermensch concept.

scholarly journals “The poor knight lived in the world ...” A. Pushkin in the life-creation and philosophy of love of D. Merezhkovsky

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alma Mater ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Philosophy Of Love ◽  
The World ◽  
Platonic Love ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Original Interpretation ◽  
The Ideal

The article is devoted to the consideration of the reception of the A. Pushkin's poem “The poor knight lived in the world ...” in the D. Merezhkovsky’s life-creation and religious-philosophical concept of love. The image of the “poor knight” has become an integral part of the literary life of the writers in the symbolist circle, as evidenced by the studies of A. Lavrov, O. Matich, L. Sproge, M. Tsimborskaya-Leboda and others. He owes his popularity by F. Dostoevsky’s novel “Idiot”, where he acts as a kind of projection of the image of Prince Myshkin, as indicated by Merezhkovsky. With the image of the “poor knight” he associates all “chaste” literary heroes (Hippolytus, Myshkin) and writers (Chaadaev, Lermontov (in a certain period)), who have a platonic feeling for a secret lover. Merezhkovsky does not differentiate the editions of Pushkin’s poem (“Legend” and “Franz's Song” from “Scenes from Knightly Times”), since he is a man of ideas, in the framework of which the “poor knight” becomes the basis of his idealistic concept of platonic love, the bearer of pure feelings, and symbol of the ideal sweetheart, he defines A.M.D. As a result of the study, we determined that the unconventional interpretation of the abbreviation as Alma Mater Dei dates back to Merezhkovsky to the early medieval Catholic name of Our Lady, which converted to Christianity from Roman paganism, where it denoted mother goddesses. This fact in many respects determined the appearance of his neo-Christian concept of the sanctified Mother-Spirit flesh in the “Kingdom of the Third Testament”. The writer's frequent appeal at different periods of his work to the “The poor knight lived in the world ...” Pushkin, its original interpretation and commentary, as well as life practice, allowed us to define the image of the “poor knight” as a psycho-typological model of Merezhkovsky’s “life scenario”. The subject of further research will be the reception of Pushkin’s poem in the work of Z. Gippius, who also at different times refers to the image of the “poor knight” and acts as a co-author of her husband’s idea, but implements them in her own individual way.

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