Spinoza’s Starting Points
This chapter begins by explaining the nature of and reasons for the geometric method in Spinoza’s Ethics. It argues that Spinoza’s definitions and axioms are not intended to be neutral starting points but rather proclaim a substantive picture of the world that receives further development in the propositions that Spinoza derives from them. The chapter also explores this substantive picture by showing how it is both similar to and different from those of his predecessors, focusing especially on Aristotelian scholasticism and orthodox Cartesianism. It argues that, whereas nearly all of Spinoza’s definitions and axioms would be, on one natural interpretation of them, rejected by Aristotelian scholastics, they all look to be acceptable, at least at first glance, to orthodox Cartesians.