Person Identification at Airports During Passport Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Charlie Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Person Identification ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
Passport Control ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter provides insight into the development of internationally interoperable standards for passport and travel documents, and technological advances to facilitate fast and effective processing of passenger information for comparison against watchlists at borders and airports. The demands posed to border controls are considered and how these have changed over time, with particular emphasis on the modern-day threat of identity impostors and the development of facial recognition technology at Automated Border Control points. The continuing central role of human personnel for verifying the identity and nationality of travellers is described, with consideration of personnel selection, training, and performance monitoring.

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

Effects of concurrent training on physical health and performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jha ◽  
S. Khurana ◽  
K. Ali ◽  
I. Ahmad ◽  
S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insight Into

The primary objective of this narrative review was to evaluate the current literature and to provide further insight into the role of concurrent training on various components of physical health or performance. Literature was obtained by electronic searches of databases using specific keywords. Combined effect of training sessions proved to be as beneficial as drug interactions. Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies are reviewed and discussed with main focus on physical parameters, such as body composition, physiological parameters, molecular adaptation, athlete’s perspective, order of execution, interference phenomena and recovery. In conclusion, concurrent resistance and endurance training is an effective method for enhancing overall fitness as well as improving quality of life.

Corporate Social Responsibility in SMEs

2017 ◽  
pp. 345-359
Author(s):  
Yuvaraj Ganesan ◽  
Hasnah Haron ◽  
Azlan Amran ◽  
Say Keat Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Insight Into

Given the increasing importance of the role played by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the developing economy, this paper intends to provide further insight into corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices among SMEs. Within this context, the purpose is to propose the role of non-audit services (NAS), which contribute to the possible explanation of the SME adoption of CSR practices. A conceptual approach is taken whereby this paper is based on an extensive literature review of NAS and CSR practices in the SME context. Then, based on the knowledge-based view (KBV), this paper set to explain and highlight the role of NAS play to enhance CSR practices among SMEs. This paper provides a theoretical discussion on the importance of CSR in ensuring the survival of the SMEs. Although the proposition of NAS is relatively new, it provides an interesting and remarkable avenue for further research especially in the developing country. Overall, this paper draws attention to the importance of NAS in enhancing the survival and performance of the SMEs.

Shiftwork and Performance

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON FOLKARD ◽  
TIMOTHY H. MONK
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Shift Performance ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

The recent increase in the incidence of shiftwork has been accompanied by a change in the type of task typically performed by the shiftworker. The technological advances which have produced both these effects have meant that the shiftworker is more likely to be engaged in cognitive, mentally taxing tasks than the predominantly perceptual-motor ones typical of earlier times. Contemporary research on time of day effects in performance efficiency has indicated that these task changes may be crucially important in determining on-shift performance, and hence the choice of the individual and shift system that is most suitable. Evidence is reviewed on task demands, the effects of different shift systems, and the role of individual differences. A descriptive model is proposed in which on-shift performance is seen to be dependent on the type of task, type of shift system, and type of person, with the three factors interacting via the worker's various circadian rhythms.

scholarly journals Computational neural mechanisms of goal-directed planning and problem solving

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Zarr ◽  
Joshua W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Goal State ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Reward Value ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe question of how animals and humans can solve arbitrary problems and achieve arbitrary goals remains open. Model-based and model-free reinforcement learning methods have addressed these problems, but they generally lack the ability to flexibly reassign reward value to various states as the reward structure of the environment changes. Research on cognitive control has generally focused on inhibition, rule-guided behavior, and performance monitoring, with relatively less focus on goal representations. From the engineering literature, control theory suggests a solution in that an animal can be seen as trying to minimize the difference between the actual and desired states of the world, and the Dijkstra algorithm further suggests a conceptual framework for moving a system toward a goal state. He we present a purely localist neural network model that can autonomously learn the structure of an environment and then achieve any arbitrary goal state in a changing environment without re-learning reward values. The model clarifies a number of issues inherent in biological constraints on such a system, including the essential role of oscillations in learning and performance. We demonstrate that the model can efficiently learn to solve arbitrary problems, including for example the Tower of Hanoi problem.

Corporate Social Responsibility in SMEs

2019 ◽  
pp. 1594-1609
Author(s):  
Yuvaraj Ganesan ◽  
Hasnah Haron ◽  
Azlan Amran ◽  
Say Keat Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Insight Into

Given the increasing importance of the role played by small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) within the developing economy, this paper intends to provide further insight into corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices among SMEs. Within this context, the purpose is to propose the role of non-audit services (NAS), which contribute to the possible explanation of the SME adoption of CSR practices. A conceptual approach is taken whereby this paper is based on an extensive literature review of NAS and CSR practices in the SME context. Then, based on the knowledge-based view (KBV), this paper set to explain and highlight the role of NAS play to enhance CSR practices among SMEs. This paper provides a theoretical discussion on the importance of CSR in ensuring the survival of the SMEs. Although the proposition of NAS is relatively new, it provides an interesting and remarkable avenue for further research especially in the developing country. Overall, this paper draws attention to the importance of NAS in enhancing the survival and performance of the SMEs.

scholarly journals Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Primate Cytomegaloviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Rachele Cagliani ◽  
Diego Forni ◽  
Alessandra Mozzi ◽  
Manuela Sironi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Viral Genetics ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Similar Genomic Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Core Genes

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) infect many mammals, including humans and non–human primates (NHPs). Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important opportunistic pathogen among immunocompromised patients and represents the most common infectious cause of birth defects. HCMV possesses a large genome and very high genetic diversity. NHP–infecting CMVs share with HCMV a similar genomic organization and coding content, as well as the course of viral infection. Recent technological advances have allowed the sequencing of several HCMV strains from clinical samples and provided insight into the diversity of NHP–infecting CMVs. The emerging picture indicates that, with the exclusion of core genes (genes that have orthologs in all herpesviruses), CMV genomes are relatively plastic and diverse in terms of gene content, both at the inter– and at the intra–species level. Such variability most likely underlies the strict species–specificity of these viruses, as well as their ability to persist lifelong and with relatively little damage to their hosts. However, core genes, despite their strong conservation, also represented a target of adaptive evolution and subtle changes in their coding sequence contributed to CMV adaptation to different hosts. Indubitably, important knowledge gaps remain, the most relevant of which concerns the role of viral genetics in HCMV–associated human disease.

EXPRESS: Examining Why and When Market Share Drives Firm Profit

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224292110319
Author(s):  
Abhi Bhattacharya ◽  
Neil A. Morgan ◽  
Lopo L. Rego
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Firm Profit

Many firms use market share to set marketing goals and monitor performance. Recent meta-analytic research reveals the average economic impact of market share performance and identifies some factors affecting its value. However, empirical understanding of why any market share-profit relationship exists and varies is limited. We simultaneously examine the three primary theoretical mechanisms linking firm market share with profit. On average, we find most of the variance in market share’s positive effect on firm profit is explained by market power and quality signaling, with little support for operating efficiency as a mechanism. We find a similar explanatory role of the three mechanisms in conditions where market share negatively predicts profit (for niche firms and those “buying” market share). Using these mechanism insights, we show the value of market share differs in predictable ways between firms and across industries, providing new understanding of when managers may usefully set market share goals. We also provide new insights into how market share should be measured for goal setting and performance monitoring. We show that revenue market share is a predictor of firm profit while unit market share is not, and that relative measures of revenue market share can provide greater predictive power.

Business Organizational Structure in the Context of Economic Transformation

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Pavlína Křibíková ◽  
Michaela Tichá ◽  
Blanka Poczatková
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
And Performance

After the communist regime collapse in 1989, economy of previous socialistic countries of Central and Eastern Europe was to be transformed. Economic system of Czechoslovakia was changing within 1990s as well, from centrally managed to market oriented system. The change of ownerships and needed restructuring is closely connected with the change of organizational structure of companies, which was changing very slowly within 1990s. The aim of this chapter is to explain the changes of business organizational structure, which follow the economic companies restructuring provided within 1990s. Czech companies went through big change as for ownership structure within 1990s, which was connected with total restructuring. Original managerial structures were not suitable and were too tied with previous style of ineffective management. Now the role of manager moves to the role of businessman and performance monitoring moves to an architect being responsible for design and organizing.

scholarly journals Green Supplier Evaluation and Selections: A State-of-the-Art Literature Review of Models, Methods, and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Li-Jun Zhang ◽  
Ran Liu ◽  
Hu-Chen Liu ◽  
Hua Shi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Supplier Evaluation ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Green Suppliers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

The role of green supplier evaluation and selection (GSES) in supply chain management is increasingly appreciated due to the intensification of competition, raising public consciousness, and environmental issues. To improve GSES, a large number of approaches have been proposed in the past decades. However, few attempts have been made to systematically review and classify the literature in this field. The objective of this study is to afford a comprehensive review of the studies which aim to develop models and methods in helping enterprises to assess and select the right green suppliers. To achieve this goal, a total of 193 journal articles extracted from the Scopus database over the period of 2009 to 2020 were chosen and reviewed. These publications were classified into ten categories based on their adopted GSES models and analyzed concerning the evaluation criteria, criteria weighting methods, and performance evaluation methods. Moreover, a bibliometric analysis was conducted according to the frequency of supplier selection methods, citation number, publication year, journal, country, and application area. This study supports practitioners, managers, and researchers in effectively recognizing and applying the GSES models to enhance organizational competitiveness and provides an insight into its state of the art.

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