Morality by Degrees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Norcross
Keyword(s):  
Clear Understanding ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Scalar Theory ◽  
Intrinsic Goodness ◽  
Fundamental Level ◽  
Consequentialist Theory ◽  
The Right

Consequentialist theories of the right connect the rightness and wrongness (and related notions) of actions with the intrinsic goodness and badness of states of affairs consequential on those actions. The most popular such theory is maximization, which is said to demand of agents that they maximize the good, that they do the best they can, at all times. Thus it may seem that consequentialist theories are overly demanding, and, relatedly, that they cannot accommodate the phenomenon of going above and beyond the demands of duty (supererogation). However, a clear understanding of consequentialism leaves no room for a theory of the right, at least not at the fundamental level of the theory. A consequentialist theory, such as utilitarianism, is a theory of how to rank outcomes, and derivatively actions, which provides reasons for choosing some actions over others. It is thus a purely scalar theory, with no demands that certain actions be performed, and no fundamental classification of actions as right or wrong. However, such notions may have pragmatic benefits at the level of application, since many people find it easier to guide their conduct by simple commands, rather than to think in terms of reasons of varying strength to do one thing rather than another. A contextualist semantics for various terms, such as “right,” “permissible,” “harm,” when combined with the scalar approach to consequentialism, allows for the expression of truth-apt propositions with sentences containing such terms.

Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Swain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

Role of laparoscopic in diagnosis and treatment of undescended testis in children at Viet Duc Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet Hoa Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Of Operation

Abstract Introduction: Evaluating the role of laparoscopic for diagnosis and treatment of undescended testis in children. Material and Methods: Restrospective study, between 6/ 2014 and 6/2017. All the patients are aged from 1 to 16 years with undescended testis underwent laparoscopic surgery for diagnosis and treatment in Deparment of pediatric surgery – Viet Duc hospital enrolled. Results: Of 95 patiens in total had 106 undescended testis diagnosed and treated by laparoscopy. The mean age of patients was 7,5 ± 3,8 years. 44,2% undescended were on the left side, 44,2% were on the right and 11,6% were undescended bilateral. The correct diagnosis by ultrasound accounted in 79,4%. The locations of testis diagnosed by laparoscopic are : intra abdomen in 45,3%, deep inguinal orifice in 16,9%, extra inguinal orifice in 26,4%, no testicle found in 11,4%. The mean time of operation were 67,33± 28,01 pht. Scrotal positions were achieved 74,5%, remove atrophic testis accounted in 7,6%. Stephen- Flowler technique including step I were in 4,7%, step II in 1,9%. The outcome evaluated by testicular positions following 3 months after operation are : good in 79,2%, moderate 13,2%, poor in 7,6%; By classification of Aubert are : good in 81,1%, moderate in 11,3% and poor in 7,6 %. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is not only a highly sensitive diagnostic method to find accurately the location and size of the testes, but also the most effective method to treat impalpable undescended testes.

scholarly journals DECISION TREE C4.5 ALGORITHM FOR TUITION AID GRANT PROGRAM CLASSIFICATION (CASE STUDY: DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM, UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heni Sulistiani ◽  
Ahmad Ari Aldino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
C4.5 Algorithm ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tuition Fee

In pandemic era, almost everyone struggles for their life. College students are such example. They have difficulty in paying tuition fee to continue their study. Based on this problematic situation, Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia grants the students who have good academic performance with tuition fee aid program. Many variables used for determining the grant made it hard to make a decision in a short time or even takes very long time. To make it easier for management to decide who is the right student to get grant, it needs classification model. The purpose of this study is the classification of grant recipients by using decision tree C4.5 algorithm. That can determine whether a potential student can be accepted as an awardee or not. Then, the results of the classification are validated with ten-fold cross validation with an accuracy, precision and recall with the score of 87 % for all part. It means the model perform quite well to be implemented into system.

scholarly journals MAIN ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT AND COST MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Kosiak ◽  
Olena Lytovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Support Organization ◽  
The Right

One of the most important indicators of production and economic activity of enterprises, which has a direct impact on financial performance is costs. The article defines the economic meaning of the concept of "costs", "production costs". Features of accounting and analytical support, organization of accounting and cost management, cost classification are considered. Classification is one of the methods of cognition and study of phenomena, processes, objects, which consists in their division into classes on the basis of certain features, properties and patterns of relations between them. The classification of costs helps to assess the costs incurred, to find possible features to increase cost efficiency and make the right decisions about their management. Classification of costs is the basis of their accounting, analysis and planning in the enterprise. Cost management takes into account such components as rationing, planning, cost accounting, deviation control and cost analysis, cost management and decision making. The problem of cost management is quite relevant for Ukrainian enterprises. Today, all businesses face the problem of applying International Financial Reporting Standards. The peculiarities of cost reflection according to International Financial Reporting Standards and National Accounting Standards (standards) are studied and analyzed. Achieving a high or sufficient level of each of the production or management processes of financial activities of economic entities must be accompanied by certain costs, the economic content of which will vary depending on the object. However, the owners (managers) of the enterprise or its individual structural unit must be clearly aware of what exactly the costs contribute to the creation and maintenance of the organization and their timely optimization. The Conceptual Basis of Preparation and Submission of Financial Statements means true presentation, prevalence of substance over form, prudence, completeness. These requirements formed the basis for the formation of accounting principles in International Standards and, accordingly, in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Hypnotic Metaphor аs a Discursive Mechanism of Speech Influence (a Case Study of Psychological Trainings by Natalia Grace)

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kozlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Object Code ◽  
Metaphorical Thinking ◽  
Psychotherapy Session ◽  
Basic Layer ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Linguistics

The article deals with the concept of hypnotic metaphor in psychiatry and linguistics and explores its application in the situation of public teaching discourse. The right-hemisphere mechanisms of perception are considered in order to detect sensory images, represented in the universal object code, since the processes of mastering the facts, which are based on similarity, adjacency, imagery, take place in the right hemisphere. The connection of mirror neurons with metaphorical thinking is assumed. The classification of metaphor types in psychotherapeutic literature is given. The article analyzes the performance of modern speaker-coaches, given as lectures, trainings, conversations and designed to effectively change the emotional mood and categorical constructs of listeners. Otherwise, listeners simply will not buy tickets for these events. It is concluded that modern lecture trainings are a kind of group psychotherapy session. Information is fed in a ‘live stream’ of right-hemisphere mechanisms involving mirror neurons. Coach rhetoric is a system of metaphors that are archetypes of consciousness and are part of the basic layer of the conceptual framework.

scholarly journals African Skin: Different Types, Needs and Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Olumayowa Abimbola Oninla ◽  
Samuel Olorunyomi Oninla ◽  
Bolaji Ibiesa Otike-Odibi ◽  
Mufutau Muphy Oripelaye ◽  
Fatai Olatunde Olanrewaju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Right

Microscopic structures in the skin are basically the same in all races. Differences are found in histology and physiology of the skin resulting in different skin types, needs and prevailing skin diseases. Skin pigmentation (with the photo-protective properties), and the barrier function of the stratum corneum are the main differences between African and Caucasian skin. The geographic distribution of UV radiation (UVR) has a positive correlation with geographical location. The darker-skinned populations are closer to the equator where there are high amounts of UVR especially in the tropical regions of the world. African skin has the greatest variability in skin color. Africa has both white and dark skinned individuals with the darker-skinned populations being mostly around the equator.          Leslie Baumann introduced four parameters that more accurately characterized skin types than previous classification of dry, oily, normal and combination skin. These are dry or oily – D/O; sensitive or resistant – S/R; pigmented or non-pigmented – P/N, and wrinkled or unwrinkled skin – W/T. Combinations of these further produced sixteen skin phenotypes.  Dark skinned individuals often have the PT types while the light skinned mostly have the NW types. Skin needs basically depends on the type. Identifying the skin type is fundamental to providing the right skin care. According to Baumann, the fundamental elements of skin care are mild cleansing, hydrating (moisturization with humectants and emollients), replenishing (with lipids, ceramides and fatty acids) and skin protection (UV protection and increased humidity). Skin diseases are associated with skin type. Eczema is more typical in people with DS combinations while acne is associated with OS skin type (especially OSNT and OSPT). Prevalence of skin diseases varies within African communities from 35% to 87% with skin infections affecting 22-46% and eczemas 13-21% of patients in various studies.

scholarly journals pengadaan pendidik ketenaga kerja

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila sarah hafni
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
General Educators ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Education Personnel ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
Educational Staff ◽  
And Training

administration function, if connected with the administration of educators, it can be interpreted that this is an effort to increase the effectiveness of teachers, lecturers, and others separately to achieve the goals of education itself. EducatorIn general, educators in Indonesia better known as teachers, are educational staff who participate in organizing education with special assignments as a teaching profession. Educators have other designations according to their specificities, namely teachers, lecturers, counselors, tutors, widyaiswara, tutors, instructors, facilitators. Whereas in Law No. 20 of 2003 CHAPTER XI educators and education staff article 39 says that educators are professionals who are tasked with planning and implementing the learning process, assessing learning outcomes, conducting mentoring and training, and conducting research and community service, especially for educators in tertiary institutions.Procurement of Educators and Education Personnel (PTK)Recruitment / procurement is a process of working for the right prospective employees in accordance with the requirements that have been specified in the classification of positions. Employee resources can be from the institution itself (internal) and from outside (external). Internal institutions, meaning that employees who will fill the vacancy are withdrawn from employees already in the organization concerned. Recruitment in this way is a career development effort, promotion of position in the same work environment, promotion of transfer to

scholarly journals ЦИФРОВАЯ ПОЧВЕННАЯ КАРТА ВОДОСБОРА РЕКИ СОКОЛОВКА (ТЕРРИТОРИЯ ВЕРХНЕУССУРИЙСКОГО СТАЦИОНАРА ФНЦ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ ДВО РАН)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Tereshkina ◽  
N.F. Pshenichnikova ◽  
A.N. Bugaets ◽  
O.M. Golodnaya ◽  
S.M. Krasnopeev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Digital Soil Map ◽  
Modern Soil ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right

В работе приведены предварительные результаты создания цифровой почвенной карты для бассейна р. Правая Соколовка, территории Верхнеуссурийского стационара (ВУС) ФНЦ Биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии ДВО РАН 1: 50 000. По природным условиям территория типична для среднегорного пояса, представляет собой характерный низкосреднегорный участок южного СихотэАлиня. Климат района формируется под влиянием восточноазиатского муссона. В качестве топографической основы использована цифровая модель рельефа с пространственным разрешением 30 м (SRTM30), план лесонасаждений Верхнеуссурийского стационара, геологическая карта М 1: 200 000. Основными единицами карты являются почвенные подтипы. Номенклатура почв дана по региональной классификации Г. И. Иванова, выполнена адаптация к современной почвенной классификации Российской Федерации и проведена корреляция с номенклатурой почв Всемирной реферативной базой почвенных ресурсов (WRB). Каждый почвенный ареал включает данные по условиям формирования почв на уровне подтипа. Всего выделено десять подтипов. Показано, что в почвеннорастительном покрове четко выражена вертикальная зональность, представленная двумя почвеннорастительными поясами: горных буротаежных и горноподзолистых почв темнохвойных лесов и поясом горнолесных бурых почв хвойношироколиственных лесов. В поясе темнохвойных лесов в пределах высот 800 1000 м распространены горные ржавоземы грубогумусовые иллювиальногумусированные, составляющие 23,8 от общей площади бассейна. В поясе хвойношироколиственных лесов в основном распространены буроземы (70 от общей площади водосбора). Среди почв пойменных ландшафтов преобладают аллювиальные серогумусовые (дерновые) типичные. На основе информации по генетическим горизонтам создана база данных гидрофизических характеристик почв. По литературным источникам создана база данных физических характеристик почв (гранулометрический состав, глубина, вес, содержание гумуса) по генетическим горизонтам почвенных профилей (45 разрезов). С помощью алгоритмов обработки пространственных данных выполнен анализ численных характеристик морфометрии рельефа (средняя высота, уклон, площадь) почвенных ареалов.The digital soil map (1: 50 000) of the Right Sokolovka River basin the territory of the Upper Ussurian experimental station of the Centre of Biodiversity of the terrestrial biota of East Asia, FEB RAS. The main map units are soil subtypes. The soil nomenclature is given according to the regional classification, the adaptation to the modern soil classification of the Russian Federation was carried out and correlation with the soil nomenclature by the World Reference Base of Soil Resources was made. The calculation and preliminary analysis of the numerical characteristics of the morphometry of the topography of the soil areas has been performed.

scholarly journals A Novel Technique for Mapping the Vascularity of Labia Minora Prior to Labiaplasty: Cold Light Illumination

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (08) ◽  
pp. 775-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aski Kaya ◽  
Ozan Dogan ◽  
Murat Yassa ◽  
Alper Basbug ◽  
Eray Çalışkan
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Labia Minora ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upper Third

Abstract Objective Aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of a novel technique to determine the vascularity of labia minora prior to labiaplasty. Methods A cold light source employed in laparoscopic procedures was used to illuminate the outer surface of the labia minora as described in this prospective descriptive study. Results Of the patients, 46.1% (n = 41) had upper third prominence, 36% (n = 32) had middle third prominence, and 18% (n = 16) had lower third prominence according to the Banwell classification of morphologies. Right labia minora width was 0 – 2 cm in 51.7% (n = 46), 2 – 4 cm in 47.2% (n = 42) and > 4 cm in 1.1% (n = 1) of cases. Left labia minora width was 0 – 2 cm in 52.8% (n = 47), 2 – 4 cm in 41.6% (n = 37) and > 4 cm in 5.6% (n = 5) of cases. The incidence of Anterior 2 and Posterior 1 vessels in the different morphologies were statistically significantly different (p = 0.007, p = 0.018). The Anterior 2 vessel was higher in the lower morphology group whereas the Posterior 1 vessel was higher in the upper morphology group. A central vessel was observed in 93.3% (n = 83) of patients in the left labium minus and the right labium minus. The incidence of the Posterior 1 vessel was significantly higher in the left labium minus than in the right labium minus (p = 0.021). Discussion This novel technique to assess labial vascularity using a cold light source could be very useful to reduce dehiscence by avoiding excessive resection of highly vascularized tissue. Most units can easily access a cold light source, which can be used to assess labial vascularity prior to labiaplasty.

Prevalence and classification of asymmetric forms of sensorineural hearing loss in older age group

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Vladimirova ◽  
◽  
A. B. Martynova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The significance of asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) is due to a special approach to diagnosis, followed by the process of hearing aids and auditory rehabilitation. Currently, there is no standard audiometric criterion for determining the forms of asymmetry, which significantly affects the assessment of the prevalence of ASNHL. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and classification of ASNHL forms in the older age group using two methods of calculation: 1) the difference in the average hearing threshold at speech frequencies (in the range of 0,5–4 kHz) ≥15 dB was detected in 14,14% of cases; 2) the different degree of hearing loss, according to the International classification, in the right and left ear was 35,98%. In most cases, asymmetry was manifested by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss of varying severity, prevailing in the group of long-livers – 82,6%. Given the potentially high prevalence of asymmetry depending on the audiological criterion, the results of the work are a reason for further research in the development of a unified method for verifying a clinically significant form of ASNHL.

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