Existing Studies and the Problem of Dating

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-76
Author(s):  
Florence Lydia Graham
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter focuses on the complications regarding establishing earliest attestations for turkisms occurring in seventeenth and eighteenth century. Whilst Bosnian has an attestational dictionary, namely Rječnik hrvatskog illi srpskog jezika, it is not equally thorough in providing attestations. Bulgarian has no such dictionary. Particular attention is given to dating Turkish and Slavonic derivatives against their roots, dating different parts of speech, core loans and cultural loans, and a comparative analysis of the earliest attestations of Bosnian and Bulgarian turkisms.

scholarly journals Comparing conjunctions in Orochon and Evenki

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Han Youfeng ◽  
◽  
Meng Shuxian ◽  
Olga N. Morozova ◽  
Yulia P. Ivanashko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Temporal Conjunction ◽  
Different Parts

The current article focuses upon the results of the conjunctions analysis and the ways of their forming in the Orochon language. The data obtained are compared with the data on the conjunctions’ morphological forms in the Evenki language obtained in the previous studies. This study identified 3 kinds of coordinative conjunctions (connective conjunction, disjunctive conjunction, adversative conjunction) and 4 kinds of subordinating ones (gradational conjunction, conditional conjunction, causal conjunction, temporal conjunction). The comparative analysis demonstrated a larger inventory of conjunctions in Evenki compared to Orochon. In both languages, the same syntactic function can be performed by different parts of speech – some Orochon conjunctions have Evenki equivalents presented by adverbs, postpositions, and suffixes. Unlike notional words, functional ones show little phonetic or morphological correspondence of the Evenki and Orochon languages. Genetic affinity is found in gradational and causal conjunctions that have the similar acoustic and grammar forms in the compared languages.

scholarly journals Study and Analysis of Anti Vibratory Passive and Active Methods Applied to Complex Mechanical System

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Lopez ◽  
François Malburet ◽  
André Barraco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Minimization Method ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Proper Frequency ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Methods Of Control

This paper studies problematic of a mechanical system composed of different coupled parts submitted to a high speed shock and proposes analysis of anti vibratory passive and active methods based on an experimental and theoretical coupled approach. After a shock, different parts of the system oscillate. If one of them is excited at a particular frequency, such as its proper frequency, important oscillations appear and can lead to the deterioration of the system by introducing important stresses. In this paper, we propose an analysis in order to understand this kind of problem and what we can do to avoid it. Firstly, we discuss problematic and we expose the studied system. In a second time, we develop two approaches of modeling that allow us to understand the phenomenon by carrying out numerical simulations. Then cross checking of model is completed via experimental study on drop test bench. Passive minimization method of vibrations based on experimental and theoretical coupled approach is exposed. Finally, a comparative analysis of different methods of control and experimental results of controlled system are presented.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF SUBSTANTIVISATION IN THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE IN COMPARISON WITH RUSSIAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Antonina Petrovna Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time

Recently transposition became the issue of many research papers for being a complicated and sophisticated language phenomenon, and its definition has been broadened. The issue of transposition and the degrees of verb transitivity are the most controversial and difficult ones both in Hungarian and Russian linguistics. This issue may be investigated on different language levels: lexical, syntactic, morphological and on the level of word formation. Taking into account the mobility of parts of speech boundaries in the compared languages we attempt to find the cause of words transitioning from one lexico-grammatical class into another, investigate transposition as a natural phenomenon both for the Hungarian and Russian languages, differentiate transition in parts of the speech system from other language phenomena, solve some contentious issues regarding parts of speech, for example ‘noun-adjective’ relations, and others. Despite having extensive literature concerning nominalization in Russian linguistics and some works in Hungarian linguistics, some aspects are not comprehensively covered in them. For example, different types of transitions from other parts of speech into nouns, thorough semantic and thematic categorization of substantivized words, characteristics of their functioning in texts of different functional styles, principles of creating lexicography, etc. In this article we compare the process of substantivation amidst the system of parts of speech in languages of such different structure as Hungarian and Russian. Comprehensive and comparative study of the process of transition of other parts of speech into nouns allows us to conduct a deeper investigation of each of these languages’ structure and also to reveal typological similarities and differences between them. These languages have not been explored this way so it provides scientific novelty to the research. For the first time we define the main conditions of a systematic process of transposition in Hungarian and Russian and reveal both specific and universal opportunities for transition in the compared languages. We use comparative analysis for researching semantic models of substantivized words, distinguish different types of transitions into nouns and describe structural and stylistic features. Thus, the topic of the research is the grammatical, semantic, structural and stylistic features of substantivized words in Hungarian and Russian. The objective of the study is to discover linguistic nature of substantivation of adjectives, verbs and verbal formations, numerals and pronouns, to find out specific and universal features caused by typological differences of the researched languages. To achieve this goal we need to solve the following problems: determining the place of substantivation in the system of word formation in Hungarian and Russian, discovering how much substantivation and conversion being productive ways of word formation are identical in Russian and Hungarian, distinguishing semantic models of substantivized words and compare them, comparing models of usual and occasional substantivation and determine its productivity, studying their structure which means showing peculiarities of substantivized words’ grammatical structure in Hungarian and Russian, discovering similarities and differences between them and finding adequate models. The research is based on data of dictionaries of Russian and Hungarian languages, examples of fictional texts, live speech and not the least on the idioms. Theoretical importance lies in the following: 1) the research develops the theory of transitivity as we study transposition in two languages of different structures using comparative analysis of substantivized words and taking into account grammatical, semantic and functional aspects; 2) using the materials of two languages of different structures we discover the main conditions of systematic transposition and distinguish its universal and specific features; 3) for the first time the problem of transposition is studied on the basis of Russian and Hungarian from a theoretical point of view (on the example of transition of other parts of speech into nouns); 4) we develop the methodology of a comprehensive approach to study substantivation in Hungarian and Russian which can be used when describing this phenomenon in other languages of different structures.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Scholars Perception about Research in Public and Private Universities in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol III (II) ◽  
pp. 196-211
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Khan ◽  
Niaz Mohammad Aaijaz ◽  
Mohammad Idris
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Research Culture ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Research Supervision ◽  
Thesis Writing ◽  
Different Parts

The base of a successful university in providing quality education and practical knowledge for improving the lives of the youths in terms of social, economical and intellectual development are only possible through promoting research culture. Research conduct and writing is the most important tool for identifying remedial recommendations for education and related problems. This research presents comparative analysis of the research in Public and Private Universities in Pakistan. The research identifies current research practices, their strengths and weaknesses and provides recommendations for improvement. Research supervision and writing are two different parts but in reality these are parts of a single activity which is called thesis writing process. In Pakistan, research culture is considered very difficult and complicated activity because scholars do not accept challenges and the supervisors do not take the required interest. The study highlights the areas where scholars and supervisors need improvement, more struggle, and scientific as well as academic zest.

scholarly journals Agrarian reforms of Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries in the coverage of economists of the XX century

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
I. K. Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Agrarian Reforms ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts

The article analyses the features of the development of agriculture in Russia at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. The paper studies and considers attempts to solve the agrarian issue in the specified period. The study considers the course and results of the reform of 1861, as well as economic reforms of the beginning of the 20th century. The author gives an assessment of these reforms, as well as the situation of the peasantry made by the leading economists of that time: N.D. Kondrat'ev, S.L. Maslov, A.V. Peshekhonov, A.V. Chayanov, and also analyses the measures aimed at alleviating the situation of the peasantry and solving the agrarian problems of that period. The research paper also presents a comparative analysis of the consequences of the 1861 reform, its impact on the solution of the agrarian issue in different parts of the Russian Empire, in particular in Poland after the Polish Uprising of 1863.

The dynamic processes in the parts of speech in the contemporary Russian language

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
N. A. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Verbal Nouns ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Parts

This article examines dynamic morphological processes – the transformation of the parts of speech (namely, attributive verbal forms and verbal nouns), as well as the syncretic cases of zero derivation on the example of young people’s speech. The author has employed the traditional complex method of analyzing the language material, which in turn has used the system of instrumental operations (synonymous rephrasing, downsizing, and opposition method; the latter allows examining the system connections of a word and their influence on the semantics of a word form), oriented towards developing the categorial value; the logico-syntactic and syntagmatic methods aided in determining the grammatical signs of language units. Using as an example the youth jargon, represented in the Dictionary of Colloquial Speech of the City of Arkhangelsk, this article shows the mechanism for transpositioning different word groups into interjections, where several lexem subgroups of the syncretic type function; in addition, the author identifies the basic directions for the different parts of speech transitioning turning into the evaluative vocabulary.

scholarly journals VIII. Remarks on the tendency to calculous diseases; with observations on the nature of urinary concretions, and an analysis of a large part of the collection belonging to the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital

1829 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 55-81 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
County Hospital ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Extensive Practice

Having, since my residence in the neighbourhood of Norwich, and my connection with the county hospital, paid considerable attention to calculous diseases and their concretions, I beg leave to lay some observations on those subjects before the Royal Society, to whose Transactions we owe much valuable information on the branches of pathology which relate to urinary complaints. Part I.— Of the tendency to Calculous Diseases . The county of Norfolk has long been remarkable for the occurrence of cal­culous diseases among its inhabitants; but there are no means of ascertaining how far this disposition extended, previous to the establishment of its hospital in 1772. Many of its cases went, of course, to the metropolis before that time; but there is, besides, every reason for concluding, that the operation of litho­tomy was frequently performed in Norfolk, during all the preceding part of the eighteenth century, both from the reputation and extensive practice of Mr. Gooch, one of the principal surgeons and surgical writers of his time, who lived near Norwich; and the occasional observations made by that gentleman in his surgical works, as to the skill, and experience in lithotomy, of practi­tioners in different parts of the county.

The Culture of Credit in Eighteenth-Century Commerce: The English Textile Industry

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Smail
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Wool Textile ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
Different Cultures

In this article, I seek to expand the relatively narrow focus of most work on commercial credit in eighteenth-century England by incorporating culture into an economic analysis. I argue that the various credit regimes that operated in the regional branches of the English wool textile industry are best understood as having a cultural dimension. A comparative analysis of business strategies in these regions suggests that the different cultures of credit had important implications for the development of the textile industry during the eighteenth century, shaping the character of the entrepreneurship of each region's merchants and producers.

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