scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF SUBSTANTIVISATION IN THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE IN COMPARISON WITH RUSSIAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Antonina Petrovna Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time

Recently transposition became the issue of many research papers for being a complicated and sophisticated language phenomenon, and its definition has been broadened. The issue of transposition and the degrees of verb transitivity are the most controversial and difficult ones both in Hungarian and Russian linguistics. This issue may be investigated on different language levels: lexical, syntactic, morphological and on the level of word formation. Taking into account the mobility of parts of speech boundaries in the compared languages we attempt to find the cause of words transitioning from one lexico-grammatical class into another, investigate transposition as a natural phenomenon both for the Hungarian and Russian languages, differentiate transition in parts of the speech system from other language phenomena, solve some contentious issues regarding parts of speech, for example ‘noun-adjective’ relations, and others. Despite having extensive literature concerning nominalization in Russian linguistics and some works in Hungarian linguistics, some aspects are not comprehensively covered in them. For example, different types of transitions from other parts of speech into nouns, thorough semantic and thematic categorization of substantivized words, characteristics of their functioning in texts of different functional styles, principles of creating lexicography, etc. In this article we compare the process of substantivation amidst the system of parts of speech in languages of such different structure as Hungarian and Russian. Comprehensive and comparative study of the process of transition of other parts of speech into nouns allows us to conduct a deeper investigation of each of these languages’ structure and also to reveal typological similarities and differences between them. These languages have not been explored this way so it provides scientific novelty to the research. For the first time we define the main conditions of a systematic process of transposition in Hungarian and Russian and reveal both specific and universal opportunities for transition in the compared languages. We use comparative analysis for researching semantic models of substantivized words, distinguish different types of transitions into nouns and describe structural and stylistic features. Thus, the topic of the research is the grammatical, semantic, structural and stylistic features of substantivized words in Hungarian and Russian. The objective of the study is to discover linguistic nature of substantivation of adjectives, verbs and verbal formations, numerals and pronouns, to find out specific and universal features caused by typological differences of the researched languages. To achieve this goal we need to solve the following problems: determining the place of substantivation in the system of word formation in Hungarian and Russian, discovering how much substantivation and conversion being productive ways of word formation are identical in Russian and Hungarian, distinguishing semantic models of substantivized words and compare them, comparing models of usual and occasional substantivation and determine its productivity, studying their structure which means showing peculiarities of substantivized words’ grammatical structure in Hungarian and Russian, discovering similarities and differences between them and finding adequate models. The research is based on data of dictionaries of Russian and Hungarian languages, examples of fictional texts, live speech and not the least on the idioms. Theoretical importance lies in the following: 1) the research develops the theory of transitivity as we study transposition in two languages of different structures using comparative analysis of substantivized words and taking into account grammatical, semantic and functional aspects; 2) using the materials of two languages of different structures we discover the main conditions of systematic transposition and distinguish its universal and specific features; 3) for the first time the problem of transposition is studied on the basis of Russian and Hungarian from a theoretical point of view (on the example of transition of other parts of speech into nouns); 4) we develop the methodology of a comprehensive approach to study substantivation in Hungarian and Russian which can be used when describing this phenomenon in other languages of different structures.

scholarly journals WORKS OF F. SCHILLER IN THE CHUVASH LITERATURE: FEATURES OF TRANSLATION INTO CHUVASH LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-985
Author(s):  
T.N. Kuznetsova ◽  
E.R. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Poetry Translation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Poetic Work

The article is devoted to the features of translation of German poetry into the Chuvash language. Using the example of F. Schiller’s ballad “Der Handschuh” (“Glove”) and its translation into Chuvash, performed by the Chuvash poet S. Shavly, a comparative analysis of the translation and the original is carried out, and the quality of the translation of the work is determined. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the translation of F. Schiller’s poem “Der Handschuh” into the Chuvash language, consideration of the linguistic features of the poetry translation. When translating a work, different types of lexical and grammatical transformations are used: omission of lexical units, transliteration, lexical addition, replacement of parts of speech, generalization, etc., which helped to reveal the content of the work and preserve the structure of the poetic work in the target language. S. Shavly made the German work accessible to the Chuvash audience, using the words and expressions most often found in colloquial speech of his native language.

scholarly journals Los cimerios homéricos (Od. XI 11-19) y su presencia en la literatura grecolatina

Myrtia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Jorge J. Linares Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Latin Literature ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time

En el canto XI de la Odisea se incluye por primera vez una descripción del pueblo de los cimerios en el marco del relato de un viaje al mundo de los muertos. En este artículo realizamos un análisis comparativo del pasaje homérico y de diversos textos de la literatura grecolatina a fin de mostrar cómo, a partir de Homero, los cimerios se convirtieron en un elemento tradicional del tema. Para ello, explicamos las semejanzas y diferencias en cuanto a la presencia, denominación, características y ubicación de este pueblo mítico en cada texto con respecto al modelo homérico. In canto Odyssey XI a description of the Cimmerian people is included for the first time as part of a journey to the netherworld’s narrative. In this paper a comparative analysis of the Homeric passage and of various texts from Greek and Latin literature is carried out in order to show how, since Homer, the Cimmerians became a traditional motive of this theme. For that purpose, the similarities and differences produced in terms of the presence, name, characteristics and location of this mythical town have been explained in each text regarding the Homeric model.

scholarly journals Developmental programs for lateral root and symbiotic nodule organogenesis: evolution of similarities and differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Demchenko ◽  
A. S. Kiryushkin ◽  
E. L. Ilina ◽  
E. D. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Symbiotic Nodule ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Domain Protein ◽  
The Relationship

In order to understand the relationship between genetic programs for the development of different types of lateral roots and symbiotic nodules, a comparative analysis of promoter activity of LOB-DOMAIN PROTEIN family genes was carried out.

scholarly journals ON THE SYSTEM OF THE PARTICIPLES IN BULGARIAN AND GREEK

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Desislava YORDANOVA-PETROVA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
System Level ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Comparative Study

This paper is devoted to the participle system in Bulgarian and Greek, presenting in a comparative plan the formation, meanings, functions and use of the different types of participles in the two languages. The paper focuses on the similarities and differences in the different types of participles, giving information about the frequency of their use in both languages. The traditional types of active and passive participles are considered separately. However, for some of the types of participles there are different opinions whether they should be included in the participle systems of the two studied languages, the article presents the relevant views and arguments of researchers. Such are, for example, the past imperfect active participle and the present passive participle in the Bulgarian language, as well as the present active participle and the aorist active participle in Greek. The present study is the first attempt to present the participle system in Bulgarian and Greek, with the comparison made at the system level in both languages. Apart from the theoretical plan, the conclusions formulated as a result of the comparative study of the participle systems of the two languages would be useful in practice in the assimilation of certain types of Greek participles by Bulgarians learning Greek. In the future, the field of study could be expanded into the comparative analysis of the participle system in Bulgarian and Greek at the level of speech (for example, on the basis of a translation corpus).

Word Formation Study in Developing Naming Guidelines in the Translation of English Medical Terms Into Persian

2018 ◽  
pp. 5136-5147
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Zeinali
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Effective Translation

Lack of appropriate equivalences for terms or technical words is the result of ineffective translation guidelines adopted in the translation process. This study provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics of Persian medical terms, using the universal naming guidelines and local naming principles in Persian. The aim of the study is to determine the similarities and differences of the compatible and incompatible terms (Persian equivalents) with respect to the applied translation procedures and the employed word formation processes. The descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were employed to analyse the collected data which consisted of a population of 339 English medical terms and their pairs in Persian. The research was based on two theoretical frameworks, namely Sager's naming criteria and word designation principles by the Persian Language and Literature Academy to investigate the effective translation procedures and word formation parameters for the translation of English medical terms into Persian through morphosemantic comparison of the terms.

Word Formation Study in Developing Naming Guidelines in the Translation of English Medical Terms Into Persian

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Zeinali
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Effective Translation

Lack of appropriate equivalences for terms or technical words is the result of ineffective translation guidelines adopted in the translation process. This chapter provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics of Persian medical terms, using the universal naming guidelines and local naming principles in Persian. The aim of the study is to determine the similarities and differences of the compatible and incompatible terms (Persian equivalents) with respect to the applied translation procedures and the employed word formation processes. The descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were employed to analyze the collected data which consisted of a population of 339 English medical terms and their pairs in Persian. The research was based on two theoretical frameworks, namely Sager's naming criteria and word designation principles by the Persian Language and Literature Academy to investigate the effective translation procedures and word formation parameters for the translation of English medical terms into Persian through morphosemantic comparison of the terms.

scholarly journals WORD-FORMATION MEANS OF VERBALIZITION OF CONCEPTS "PERSISTENCE" AND "STUBBORNNESS" IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090
Author(s):  
Xu Lili
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Sign Property ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Russian Language

This article is devoted to the analysis of word-formation means of objectification of spiritual concepts “persistence” and “stubbornness” in the Russian language. The study of semantic features, derivational relations between lexical units in word-formation nests allows us to identify several cognitive features of the studied concepts. Comparative analysis shows similarities and differences between concepts “persistence” and “stubbornness” in terms of the word-formation means of their representation. The similarities lie in the fact that units in both word-formation nests are expressing “action, behavior” and “sign, property”. The differences are manifested in the fact that the word-formation field of the concept of "persistence" is characterized by metaphorical motivating connections in terms of describing the object, and the features of the representation of the concept of "stubbornness" in the word-formation aspect are mainly manifested in productivity in terms of the formation of verbs, in indicating the carrier of the property, and also in the high degree of its representation.

scholarly journals SUFFIXAL DERIVATION OF COMPOUND WORDS IN THE DIGOR DIALECT OF THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.Н. ЦАЛЛАГОВА
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Description ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Lexicographic Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Composite Models ◽  
Points Of View

В словообразовательной системе любого языка неизбежно происходят определенные динамические процессы, которые диктуют степень продуктивности тех или иных деривационных моделей. В ходе этих процессов происходит актуализация некоторых способов словообразования. Данный факт определяет актуальность исследования этих вопросов, так как для их решения необходим неустанный мониторинг наиболее активных и продуктивных моделей словообразования. В данной статье анализируются имена существительные и имена прилагательные дигорского диалекта осетинского языка, образованные сложно-суффиксальным способом. Целью исследования является определение композитных моделей существительных и прилагательных, в образовании которых учувствуют так же суффиксы, выявление их деривационной активности и степени продуктивности. В исследовании основным методом выступает структурно-семантический, который позволил нам произвести аналитическое описание сложно-суффиксальных композитных образований дигорского диалекта. При работе со словарями разных типов используется лексикографический метод. Типологическое многообразие композитов, многоплановость этих сложных словообразовательных конструкций, обуславливает необходимость исследования этого словообразовательного явления с различных точек зрения как структуры, так и семантики. В ходе анализа композитов дигорского, делается вывод о необходимости применения комплексного подхода к рассмотрению словосложения. Целесообразным признается также исследование, так называемых, периферийных способов образования, одним из которых является сложно-суффиксальный. В этой связи следует подчеркнуть недостаточную степень изученности данного вопроса в осетинском языкознании. В исследовании делается вывод о том, что сложно-суффиксальный способ образования в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка обладает довольно высокой продуктивностью, хотя она может варьироваться в зависимости от используемого суффикса. Отношения между компонентами данного типа образований всегда подчинительные, что обуславливает наличие опорного компонента (мотиватора) и конкретизирующего (уточняющего). В словообразовательные модели данного типа вовлечены как именные части речи (существительное, прилагательное, числительное), так и глагольные формы, которые всегда выступают в качестве опорного компонента. Certain dynamic processes inevitably occur in the word-building system of any language, which determine the degree of productivity of various derivational models. This fact accounts for the relevance of the study of these issues, as their solution requires incessant monitoring of the most active and productive word-formation models. This article analyzes the nouns and adjectives of the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language, formed as a result of compounding and suffixal derivation. The aim of the study is to determine composite models of nouns and adjectives, in derivation of which suffixes are also involved, the identification of their derivational activity and degree of productivity. The typological diversity of composites, the versatility of these complex word-formation constructions, necessitates the study of this word-formation phenomenon from various points of view of both structure and semantics. In the study, the main method is structural-semantic, which allowed us to produce an analytical description of the complex-suffixal composite formations of the Digor dialect. The lexicographic method is used when working with dictionaries of different types. In the course of the analysis of Digor composites, a conclusion is drawn on the need for an integrated approach to the consideration of word composition. The study of the so-called peripheral methods of education, one of which is compounding and suffixal, is also recognized as expedient. In this regard, the insufficient degree of knowledge of this issue in Ossetian linguistics should be emphasized. The study concludes that the difficult-suffix way of forming the Ossetian language in the Digor dialect has quite high productivity, although it can vary depending on the suffix used. The relations between the components of this type of formations are always subordinate, which determines the presence of a supporting component (motivator) and concretizing (specifying). The word-formation models of this type involve both the nominal parts of speech (noun, adjective, numeral) and verbal forms, which always act as a supporting component.

scholarly journals Substantive Suffixal Adjectives with the Semantics of Intensity in the Russian Language: A Systemic Functional Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Fangfang Liu ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Additional Component ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Russian Language

Comparative analysis of substantive adjectives with the suffixes -at-, -ast-, -ist-, all having a common additional component of intensity in their derivational semantics, was performed. The adjectives were considered within a series of derivational means used to express the semantic category of intensity. The study is relevant due to the necessity to create a fundamentally new and cognitively oriented description of word-formation units of the Russian language from the standpoint of the systemic functional approach. The purpose of the study was to establish the systemic and categorical status of substantive suffixal adjectives with the semantics of intensity, as well as their functional correlations. Conclusions were made about the subcategorizing character of this meaning in the field of mutational semantics of Russian adjectives (the systemic status of its carriers is a derivational subtype with the suffix -ast- and word-formation subtypes with the suffixes -at-, -ist-). Functional features of the derivatives with each suffix were defined. Similarities and differences between them were revealed. Their systemic and functional relationship (synonymy and parallelism) was established. Zones of functional dominance were found.

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