Musical and Gymnastic Education in the Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-165
Author(s):  
Josh Wilburn

Chapter 6 examines Plato’s account of moral education in the Republic. It argues that musical and gymnastic training in the Kallipolis primarily aim at shaping the spirited part of the soul through social, political, and cultural influences and practices. In particular, music aims to make spirit gentle and instill in it the right emotional habits toward moral and immoral people, actions, and objects in the world. Gymnastics, meanwhile, aims to invigorate it and make it “strong” enough to act as reason’s “ally” effectively. Music and gymnastics also have important effects on reason and appetite as well, however. Music exercises reason and prepares it for its proper function in the souls of mature adults, and gymnastic training promotes necessary appetites while eliminating or preventing unnecessary ones.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Isaak

In this article the author shall argue that before Namibian independence in 1990, Christianity was used by some as a weapon of breaking down, or as a tool of, colonialism, racism, and apartheid. In the name of a religious god unashamed acts of violence and wars were committed and resulted in genocide of 1904 to 1908. However, such brutalities did not conquer the African spirit of what is identified in this article as the Ubuntu (humaneness). Inspired by their sense of Ubuntu the Africans, in the face of German colonialism and the South African imposed Apartheid system, finally emerged victorious and accepted the model of religious pluralism, diversity, and the principle of African Ubuntu. We shall, furthermore, argue that the Namibian educational system and the Namibian Constitution, Articles 1 and 21, the Republic of Namibia is established as a secular state wherein all persons shall have the right to freedom to practise any religion and to manifest such practice. It means religious diversity and pluralism is a value, a cultural or religious or political ideology, which positively welcomes the encounter of religions. It is often characterized as an attitude of openness in a secular state towards different religions and interreligious dialogue and interfaith programs. As an example we shall focus on the subject of Religious and Moral Education where such religious diversity and pluralism are directly linked to political, social, and economic issues, as well as moral values.


1962 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Lemarchand

Not the least paradoxical aspect of the United Nations mandate in the Congo, as described in the three-power resolution adopted by the Security Council on November 24, 1961, is that it was designed to prevent the exercise of a right which is explicitly recognized by the Charter. In effect, by “completely rejecting the claim of the Katanga as a sovereign independent Nation” and “recognizing the government of the Republic of the Congo as exclusively responsible for the conduct of the external affairs of the Congo,” the authors of the resolution clearly denied the provincial authorities of the Katanga the right to self-determination. Similarly, the support given by the United States government to the resolution, reaffirmed in several official statements, seems hardly compatible with our long-standing moral commitment to the Wilsonian principle that “the small states of the world have a right to enjoy the same respect for their sovereignty and territorial integrity that the great and powerful states expect and insist upon.” Actually, what may at first sight appear to be a sign of inconsistency is rather a reflection of the fundamental ambiguity in the concept of self-determination.


Author(s):  
Mona Farouk M. Ahmed

The Quran is the holy book of Islam which has been almost translated to all languages of the world. The translation of the words of God is a great work which include a responsibility of conveying the accurate meaning of God’s words. The researcher of this paper studied the Korean language and participated in Korean-Arabic translations over twenty years. Accordingly, the researcher felt the responsibility of which she tries through this paper to shed the light on the Korean translation of Quran hoping for reaching the most accurate translation for Quran. This paper focused on one word of the noble Quran, tracing the Korean translation to examine its accuracy as a sample of other words that may include difficulties in the Korean translation. The choice of the word “wali: Guardian” was based on its Islamic specificity and its possible impacts on the right understanding of Islam. The study began with the definition of the word and its Islamic particularity. Then, the study presented an analysis of the Korean translation of the word through exploring the Quranic verses containing the word. Finally, the study gave suggestions for the accurate translation of the word which would include recommendations for the future translation of Quran. * This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2018S1A6A3A02022221). * هذا العمل مدعوم من وزارة التعليم الكورية والمعهد الكوري القومي للبحوث (NRF-2018S1A6A3A02022221).


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Makhmudjon Ziyadullaev ◽  

This article presents ofthe content of the right to social security, which is considered as one of the constitutional rights of citizens, the role of state pensions in the social protection of pensioners and the world pension systems, including distributive, mandatory and conditional pension funds.As well as the size of pensions and their components, the relevance and importance in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the ratification of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and changes in thepension sector over the past 3-4 years, taking into account the types of pension provision, frombeginningsof independence of our country


Author(s):  
Liene Vindele ◽  
Rihards Erdmanis

Latvijas Republikas Satversmes 112. pants garantē ikvienas personas tiesības uz izglītību, līdz ar to valstij apņemoties nodrošināt iespēju iegūt pamatizglītību un vidējo izglītību. Latvija ir pievienojusies dažādiem starptautiskiem tiesību aktiem, kuros ir ietverta izglītības nozīme. Izglītība kā pamattiesības ir noteikta arī divos galvenajos starptautiskos cilvēktiesību līgumos – Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas Vispārējās cilvēktiesību deklarācijas 26. pantā, kā arī Starptautiskajā paktā par ekonomiskajām, sociālajām un kultūras tiesībām, 13. un 14. pantā norādot, ka izglītībai jābūt vērstai uz pilnīgu personības attīstību un tai jāstiprina cilvēktiesību un pamatbrīvību ievērošana. Nesen piedzīvotais pandēmijas laiks radikāli pārveidoja tradicionāli saprotamo izglītības procesu – no skolas sola pie datora mājās. Globālās veselības krīzes laikā gandrīz visas pasaules valstu skolas tika slēgtas, un, lai nodrošinātu akadēmisko nepārtrauktību, mācību process tika nodrošināts tiešsaistē. Līdz ar to gandrīz katras pasaules valsts izglītības sistēmā un tiesību jomā radās jautājums ne tikai par to, kā nodrošināt piekļuvi izglītībai, bet arī par to, vai globālās krīzes izraisītās izmaiņas izglītības nodrošināšanas procesā attaisno autordarbu izmantošanas ierobežojumus, kā ievērot mācību nolūkos izmantoto autordarbu aizsardzību, nepārkāpjot valstu autortiesību likumus, kā līdzsvarot tiesības uz izglītību un autortiesības. Section 112 of the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia guarantees the right of any person to education, thereby ensuring, with the commitment of the State, the possibility of obtaining basic education and secondary education. Latvia has also joined diverse international legislation, which includes the importance of education. Education as a fundamental right is also enshrined in two major international human rights treaties, Article 26 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Articles 13 and 14, stating that education must be aimed at full personal development and must strengthen respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The recently experienced pandemic time has radically transformed the traditionally understandable educational process – from the school bench to the computer at home. During the global health crisis, nearly all schools in the world were closed and, in order to ensure academic continuity, the learning process was provided online, leading to challenges in the education system and rights of almost every country in the world, not only to ensure access to education, but also raised questions about whether the changes in the education process caused by the global crisis justify restrictions on the use of the Authors’ works to respect the protection of the Author’ works used for teaching purposes, without infringing national copyright laws, on how to balance these two rights – education and copyright.


Author(s):  
HJ Deacon ◽  
PQ Cilliers

This article critically considers the application of and necessity for the right to strike, especially regarding employees that are employed in an essential service. The South African position is examined and compared to other countries around the world, but the focus is mainly on the United Kingdom.The article shows that South Africa's current labour legislation (especially regarding essential services) is in theory good, but that it is applied and enforced poorly in spite of the provisions contained in the Labour Relations Act and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996. This became evident in the 2007 public workers' strike in which many essential services employees took part.The United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India, France and Kenya all have different ways of dealing with strikes and essential services. Some of these countries' approaches are similar to South Africa's, but in each there is some difference that could be useful in the South African situation. Through these comparisons it becomes clear that the right to strike is important in many countries around the world, but that each country's essential services (or services that can be classified as essential) are equally important. Every country places at the very least some limitation on the right of essential services employees to strike.In conclusion this article states that the South African Labour Law is not perfect and can be improved by means of comparison. This improvement is of vital importance to the lives, health and personal safety of every individual in the country.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  

The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the world in all respects, including democracy and fundamental freedoms such as the freedoms of expression and movement, and the right to health. This presents a central challenge for democracies: how to balance mitigating the outbreak and at the same time respecting democratic principles such as accountability, transparency and respect for civil and political rights. Many countries have implemented stringent restrictions to contain the virus, which have implications for human rights and freedoms. The Embassy of Sweden to the Republic of Korea and International IDEA co-organized a webinar on 9 June 2020 to examine the pandemic’s potential consequences for democracy worldwide using the case studies of Australia, the Republic of Korea and Sweden.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadzmi Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Rif'at

At the national policy of the Republic of Indonesia in 2010-2025 to prioritize the development of national character, because the Indonesian people at this time the values start from national identity, higher, contradictory, towards people of different religions, ethnicities and cultures. To build this character, the world of education is the backbone to carry out the mission of building multicultural characters of Indonesian citizens. Salafi Islamic Boarding School or Islamic Boarding School is one of the educational institutions in Indonesia, which also has an obligation to build the multicultural character of the students. How did the Salafiyah Islamic Boarding School develop the multicultural character of the students? The research method in this research is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentaries. The results of this study found that the development of multicultural character in Salafiyah Islamic boarding school in an integrated manner in the field of moral education in an integrated manner, the organizational culture of the Salafiyah Islamic boarding school could develop the multicultural character of students, leaders, chaplains and teachers help display a very important practice for guests .


Author(s):  
Zingaphi Mabe

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, is regarded as one of the most progressive constitutions in the world. As the supreme law in South Africa, it applies to all law and conduct. All South African laws must be consistent with the Constitution. Where there is an alleged violation of constitutional provisions, that law or conduct must be evaluated to establish whether or not it is consistent with the values of an open and democratic society based on fundamental human rights such as human dignity and the right to equality.The Insolvency Act and section 27 in particular which is the focus of this paper must be consistent with the Constitution. Section 27(1) provides:"No immediate benefit under a duly registered antenuptial contract given in good faith by a man to his wife or any child to be born of the marriage shall be set aside as a disposition without value, unless that man's estate was sequestrated within two years of the registration of that antenuptial contract."This section protects benefits arising from an antenuptial contract and given by a man to his wife or to a child born of their marriage, from being set aside as dispositions without value during sequestration proceedings. The same protection is not afforded however, to benefits given by the wife under an antenuptial contract. This also excludes benefits given by those in a same sex marriage, and limits the benefits available to children born of that form of marriage.As the right to equality in section 9 of the Constitution seeks to provide equal benefits before the law to persons in the same or similar positions by prohibiting unfair discrimination, the limitations in section 27 render it vulnerable to constitutional review.As the Insolvency Act has not been amended as a whole to accommodate the equality provisions in the Constitution, in its current form, section 27 seems to violate section 9(3) of the Constitution on the grounds of sexual orientation, marital status and birth.However, certain proposals have been made in the report by the South African Law Reform Commission on the Review of the Law of Insolvency to develop section 27 to comply with the Constitution. Further developments have been proposed by the Department of Justice and Constitutional Developments in its presentations to the Labour Market Chamber in 2003 and 2006.This paper examines section 27 of the Insolvency Act as it currently reads, within the context of the right to equality in section 9 of the Constitution. Current developments in respect of section 27 will be considered to illustrate progress made in reforming the section and whether the reform measures proposed will protect all those affected by the discrimination arising from section 27.The discussion opens with a consideration of the current dispensation and the question whether section 27 violates section 9(3) of the Constitution. Current developments will then be discussed in the light of the current proposals.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-281
Author(s):  
Sukirno Sukirno

Abstract This article is motivated by the existence of various laws and regulations that discredit and discriminate against believers to get their rights guaranteed by Article 29 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which affirms the right to freedom of religion and belief. The problem raised is what legal politics underlie legislation that prevents trustees from obtaining the same rights as other Indonesian citizens. The search results found that the legal politics underlying the discrediting legislation and discriminating against religious believers were the legal politics of the world religions paradigm which gave the majority the religious role to intervene in government policies to marginalize religious minorities. Keywords: legal politics, belief groups. Abstrak Artikel ini dilatar belakangi adanya berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang mendiskreditkan dan mendiskriminasi penghayat kepercayaan untuk mendapatkan hak-haknya yang sudah dijamin oleh Pasal 29 ayat (2) UUD NRI 1945 yang menegaskan hak kebebasan beragama dan berkepercayaan. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah politik hukum apa yang melandasi peraturan perundang-undangan yang menghalangi penghayat kepercayaan untuk memperoleh hak-hak yang sama sebagaimana warga negara Indonesia lainnya. Hasil penelusuran menemukan bahwa politik hukum yang melandasi peraturan perundang-undangan yang mendiskreditkan dan mendiskriminasi penghayat kepercayaan adalah politik hukum paradigma agama dunia yang memberikan peran agama mayoritas untuk mengintervensi kebijakan pemerintah untuk meminggirkan agama minoritas atau kepercayaan. Kata kunci: Politik Hukum, Penghayat Kepercayaan.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document