The Scale of Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Walter Scheidel
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
World History ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Different Parts

Over the long run of history, changes in the geographical and demographic scale of empire add up to an evolutionary profile that casts light on the underlying driving forces. This chapter surveys these dynamics by exploring the spatial reach and duration of empires, their population size, and long-term variation between different parts of the world. It identifies the largest and most populous empires in world history, compares premodern agrarian and modern colonial empires, and links their properties to geographical and ecological conditions. It provides context for the following chapters and helps situate individual cases on a broad spectrum of historical outcomes.

What Is Peace? Being an Autoethnographic Account of Methodological Musings From the Beach

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-380
Author(s):  
Anandam Kavoori
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
Liminal Space ◽  
Writing Project ◽  
Emotional Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

This autoethnographic essay is focused on methodological space of “problematization”—the wrenching intellectual and emotional process (and lived experience) that a scholar goes through before settling into a long-term writing project—in this case travel to different parts of the world, in an attempt to explore the idea and experience of “Peace” in each of those places. Weaving through elements of family memoir, Georgia history, eco-criticism, and Peace Studies (across different sub fields), the essay illuminates the personal and liminal space of methodological engagement before field work.

Insurgency, Political Violence, and Democracy in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Nicolás M. Somma
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Francis Fukuyama ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Once upon a time, pluralist (Dahl 1961) and modernization theories (Lipset 1959) described liberal democracy as a political regime that tended to exclude violence, insurgency, and corruption. A few decades later, Francis Fukuyama (1992) argued that in the long run, liberal democracy would triumph over other political alternatives, and about the same time Samuel Huntington (1991) revealed a massive wave of democratization (or redemocratization) in different parts of the world.

scholarly journals Practice makes voters? Effects of student mock elections on turnout

Politics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-393
Author(s):  
Richard Öhrvall ◽  
Sven Oskarsson
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Different Parts

Student mock elections are conducted in schools around the world in an effort to increase political interest and efficacy among students. There is, however, a lack of research on whether mock elections in schools enhance voter turnout in real elections. In this article, we examine whether the propensity to vote in Swedish elections is higher among young people who have previously experienced a student mock election. The analysis is based on unique administrative population-wide data on turnout in the Swedish 2010 parliamentary election and the 2009 European Parliament election. Our results show that having experienced a mock election as a student does not increase the likelihood of voting in subsequent real elections. This result holds when we study both short- and long-term effects, and when we divide our sample into different parts depending on their socio-economic status and study each part separately.

Royal Society expeditions in the second half of the twentieth century

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Hemmen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

During the second half of the twentieth century, the Royal Society mounted a number of scientific expeditions to different parts of the world. These expeditions varied considerably in their objectives, size, complexity and duration. Brief outlines of the main Royal Society expeditions of this period and their origins are given, together with mention of resulting Royal Society Discussion Meetings. Reference is also made to some long-term investigations involving the Society in collaboration with other countries' scientific institutions.

The Sino-Japanese Rapprochement: A Relationship of Ambivalence

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene T. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
China Policy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Ideological Differences ◽  
Relationship Of

The Nixon administration's new China policy has had many political repercussions in the world, among the most important being the Sino-Japanese rapprochement. From a long-term point of view, such a rapprochement would, of course, have occurred regardless of the Nixon policy. As early as 1951, Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida made the realistic remark: “Red or white, China remains our next-door neighbour. Geography and economic laws will, I believe, prevail in the long run over any ideological differences and artificial trade barriers.”

Africa in World History: The Long, Long View

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ehret
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Food Production ◽  
World History ◽  
Human History ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Great Transition ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Units

This article describes the origins of Africa; the ‘First Great Transition’ of human history from foraging to food production; the era of agricultural elaboration; the ‘Second Great Transition’, from villages and tiny local political units to towns and states; early towns and states in West Africa and the Horn of Africa; the era of empires, and Africa in the Atlantic Age. To view Africa over the very long term is to discover that the notable developments of Africa's past followed similar pathways and proceeded at similar paces as comparable changes elsewhere in the world. Two great transitions of human history in the Holocene — from foraging to farming and, several thousand years later, from villages and informal governance to towns and states — shows that Africa was a continent of primary invention in those times.

The Emergence of Democracy: Forces and Counter-forces

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Berg-Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Broad Overview

Capitalism and democracy have transformed the world, but not in a harmonious way. This article provides a broad overview of the major driving forces of democracy, its relationship with ongoing socioeconomic developments and some of the countervailing factors. It points to the inherently conflictive nature of democratic procedures and decision-making, but also emphasizes the potentially universal implications of basic democratic values. Against this background, the future prospects of democracy and possible alternatives in the age of globalization are assessed. All this is based, as far as space permits, on the huge body of available theoretical and empirical literature, but also on the author’s long-term preoccupation with this topic and some of his personal views and experiences.

scholarly journals International commercial courts as new actors in adjudication business: Collaborators or competitors?

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Balša Stevanović
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
International Adjudication ◽  
Commercial Courts ◽  
Different Parts

International commercial courts are a relatively new phenomenon that changes the configuration of the international adjudication business. As novel players on the dispute resolution scene, these courts challenge the notion of competition between the existing actors in the business. From the perspective of arbitration, international commercial courts tend to be perceived as both collaborators and competitors. Furthermore, various driving forces influenced the creation of these courts, which gave them a hybrid structure and a quite unique institutional appearance. This article examines three prominent courts in three different parts of the world: the Dubai International Financial Centre Courts (DIFCC), the Singapore International Commercial Court (SICC) and the Netherlands Commercial Court (NCC). The aim is to identify the main features of these adjudication actors that operate within three highly commercially relevant geographic regions in order to outline their character and role on the adjudication business stage. Eventually, through these examples this article addresses the puzzling question of competition versus cooperation in contrast to arbitration. Nevertheless, it is still hard to give a definitive answer - it seems too early for a firm prediction regarding the future of these projects. Jurisprudence must be developed in order to comprehensively test the success of international commercial courts

scholarly journals Covid - 19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA) in Critically Ill Patients : A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
Himadri Dutta Vandana Sinha ◽  
Anup Jyoti Dutta Pinku Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

In the present study report three cases of covid-19 associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis from covid ICU of a private hospital. There is increased incidence of different co infections including fungal from severe cases of covid-19 requiring ICU care from different parts of the world. None of the patients in our report had any predisposing lung conditions and none of them were on long term steroids treatment. Out of the three cases, two cases clinically improved dramatically after initiation of antifungals. Second case deteriorated even before culture diagnosis was established and the patient died before antifungals could be started. So, possibility of a fungal infection should be always ruled out in all COVID-19 pneumonia cases without any clinical improvement after standard treatment and intensive care. Early diagnosis and treatment will help improve clinical outcomes in such cases.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Harga Emas Dunia, Harga Minyak Mentah Dunia dan Indeks Produksi Industri Terhadap Indeks Saham di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Dalam Jangka Panjang dan Jangka Pendek (Periode Januari 2005-Desember 2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Dwi Purnamasari ◽  
Raditya Sukmana
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This research aims to know the influence of long-term and short-term world gold price, the price of crude oil to the world, and the index of industrial production against the stock index at the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) during the period January to December 2015-2015. The object of this research is the stock index at the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Types of data used are secondary data. This research method using technical analysis with quantitative method of Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). The results showed that significant influence world gold prices in the long term and the short term against a stock index of JII. While the price of crude oil the world significant negative effect on the long run, and a significant positive effect on the short term. The index of industrial production turned out to be only a significant effect in the long term, but not in the short term.

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