Evolution and Design of Invertebrate Circadian Clocks
Invertebrates are an incredibly diverse group of animals that come in all shapes and sizes, and live in a wide range of habitats. In order for all these organisms to perform optimally, they need to organize their daily activities and physiology around the perpetuating day-night cycles that exist on Earth. The circadian clock is the endogenous timing system that enables organisms to anticipate daily environmental cycles and governs these roughly 24-hour cellular and overt rhythms. Given its importance to organismal performance and coordination with external environment, it is not surprising that the circadian clock is believed to be ubiquitous in invertebrates. This chapter will discuss the evolution and molecular designs of the invertebrate circadian clocks and describe our current understanding of the circadian clock neuronal network responsible for interpreting external temporal cues and coordinating cellular and physiological rhythms.