Energy Poverty: Energy Equity in a World of High Demand and Low Supply

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Michael Brunner ◽  
Sylvia Mandl ◽  
Harriet Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Sustainable Energy System ◽  
Different Characteristics

The chapter provides insights into the different characteristics and manifestations of energy poverty—a condition that prevents the achievement of socially and materially necessary levels of domestic energy services. On the one hand, the discourse on energy poverty in developed countries (known as “fuel poverty”) is discussed (especially in the European Union), focusing on different forms of definitions and measurement, coping strategies, and attempts to combat the problem. On the other hand, the discourse on energy poverty in developing countries is outlined, highlighting especially rural electrification processes and gender relations. It is shown that energy poverty is deeply embedded in wider social, economic, political, and cultural structures, reflecting inequalities both within and across nations. Therefore, the chapter concludes that measures and interventions to tackle energy poverty must take into account wider societal structures and power relations in order to achieve a just and sustainable energy system and society.

CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION GENDER EQUALITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 373-388
Author(s):  
Oksana Vinska ◽  
Volodymyr Tokar
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
And Gender

Purpose – The article aims at discovering classes and clusters of EU member-states considering their levels of economic development and gender equality to foster the enhancement of EU cohesion policy. Research methodology – The methodology includes the grouping by two parameters, economic development and gender equality, and the cluster analysis, the “far neighbor principle”, agglomerative hierarchical classification algorithm and the usual Euclidean distance as the distance between objects. Findings – There are no gender equality laggards among EU member-states. More developed countries belong to gender equality leaders, while there are two gender equality leaders and one gender equality adopter among transition countries. The group of less developed countries consists of six gender equality leaders and seven gender equality adopters. Research limitations – The results of cluster analysis may be impacted by off-shore activity of Ireland and Luxembourg. Practical implications – The EU supranational bodies can use our results to develop more efficient cohesion policy tools to ensure the adherence to the principle of gender equality. Originality/Value – The study is a pioneer one in determining nine classes and five clusters of EU member-states considering their levels of economic development and gender equality, as well as in introducing three types of countries depending on their level of gender equality, namely gender equality leaders, adopters, and laggards.

scholarly journals Energy Poverty and Life Satisfaction: Structural Mechanisms and Their Implications

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Druică ◽  
Zizi Goschin ◽  
Rodica Ianole-Călin
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One

This paper investigates the distinct mechanisms through which energy poverty is linked to life satisfaction, via health status and one’s satisfaction with one’s own socioeconomic status, using data from the Life in Transition survey. Our sample contains 19,598 individuals from 11 former communist states located in Central and Eastern Europe, and two developed countries for comparison. We estimated a partial least squared–path model and found that both health status and socioeconomic status are relevant mediators. Our results also indicate that gender moderates the relation between health status and life satisfaction. Energy poverty has a low contribution to health status but a larger contribution to satisfaction with socioeconomic status, thus indicating that interventions on energy poverty may not greatly improve the level of health, but can have an influence on how people feel about their life. The contribution of our paper is twofold. On the one side, we continue to consolidate the existing link between energy poverty and self-reported health status with a new focus on the Central and Eastern European countries; on another side, we propose a theoretical framework expansion by including totally novel factors to be analyzed in this context: satisfaction with socioeconomic status, economic environment improvement, and intolerance.

scholarly journals Working time reduction as the factor of solving retirement conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-340
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Zolotov ◽  
◽  
Mikhail V. Popov ◽  
Vitaly A. Lomov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Labor Relation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Time Reduction ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

One of the main sources of social economic tension in Russian society became the promotion and acceptance in 2018 of the bill on retirement age increase initiated by the government. Conflict of the created situation expressed itself in a great number of protest meetings in the country againstpension reform. The aim of the article is to give a foundation of the effective way of solving the conflict caused by such reform. For this purpose its influence upon social economic state of labor relations sides is analyzed, the experience of retirement age increase in Germany and France is investigated, the perspective of solving the appeared conflict is defined. Dialectical method as the one which allows to discover the contradictions of the labor relation sides interests is realized. Table method of tendencies analysis in time worked dynamics in economically developed countries is used, the differentiation of workers age cohorts for the evaluation of the consequences of retirement reform is applied. It is found that the main source of retirement conflict in Russia is the degradation of workers position in connection with the growth of the time worked per working life in comparison with the cohort that retired before the reform. By the analysis of the innovate foreign experience the possibility of connection of retirement age increase, on the one hand, and the total number of hours worked per life, on the other hand, is discovered. It is shown that this possibility is the result of the regularity of the working time reduction which is inherent to the modern economy. The role of transition to the six hours working day in Russia as the effective way of solving retirement conflict without rejection of retirement age increase is revealed.

Early School Leaving in Greece and Europe and Educational Inequality: Actions and Policies against Educational and Social Exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souzanna-Maria Nikolaou ◽  
Monika Papa ◽  
Lela Gogou
Keyword(s):  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Early School ◽  
School Drop Out ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The One

Abstract A key issue regarding the educational policy in Greece and the European Union is the early leaving of the school. On the one hand, rises the problem of under-birth that some developed countries face and, on the other, the existence of economically and socially non-productive people, who nevertheless consist a part of the society. In our time and more than ever, society must overcome various obstacles in order to achieve the development and sustainable growth which is also Europe’s strategy for this decade. In the this study the authors examine early school drop-out by focusing on the social causes and on the research findings that have been carried out, indicating measures and strategies for prevention and treatment. A second part of the study concerns the presentation of the European Union's educational policies in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy, with the aim of showing the progress of the strategic actions in the education of Greece. Our study shows that the EU member states are making great efforts in order to achieve the best possible result in education in the shortest possible time: That is, to form efficient teachers and schools by emphasizing and empowering the elimination of social and educational exclusions, as an integral part of the pursuit of progress and development of the society and the economy.

The Gendered Dimensions of Mining

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-44
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Cultural Lag ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The costs and benefits of large mines to local communities and the relationship between mining multinational corporations (MNCs), government, and communities are subjects that have become important in developing and developed countries alike. To date, there has been a dearth of comprehensive study on roles and responsibilities of mining MNCs with respect to women and gender equality. Given that the relationship between mining MNCs and communities is changing rapidly—albeit unevenly and unsystematically—the need to develop understanding to better assess the gender impact of different approaches on this relationship and on the ability to maximise sustainable benefits from mining has become paramount. This chapter identifies the linkages between, on the one hand, work and labour-relations issues (e.g., long hours), reform of gender diversity policies and initiatives in mining, as well as the cultural lag between policy and practise; and, on the other hand, the impact of mining on women in mining towns/communities, a gendered impact assessment tool, and the relationship between mining and socioeconomic wellbeing.

scholarly journals THE SPECIFICS OF URBAN PLANNING OF LARGE URBANIZED TERRITORIES IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES. PART II: PARITY OF REGIONAL AND MUNICIPAL URBAN PLANNING IN NORWAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
M. Monastyrskaya ◽  
O. Peslyak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Orientation ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

The article substantiates the relevance and expediency of prolonging the study of the processes of strategic, detailed and current planning of large, typologically differentiated forms of urbanization, as well as the implementation of urban planning documentation in the most developed countries of Northern Europe. The article presents the results of studying the specifics and trends of the formation, development and functioning of the system of spatial strategizing and urban planning and design in the Kingdom of Norway: its institutional, paradigm, technological and organizational components. It is shown that the significant differences between the Norwegian system of urban planning of large urbanized territories and its Danish, Swedish, and Finnish counterparts are due, on the one hand, to the national specifics of urban planning, and, on the other, to the relative independence of the spatial organization of the environment of Norway, a partner of the European Union, from the urban planning standards established for its members. It is noted that the basic trend of improving the system of long-term, medium-term, short-term and current planning in the Kingdom of Norway today is the achievement and approval of the parity of regional and municipal planning. It contributes to the "transparency"; predictability, humanistic socio-environmental orientation of urban planning policy implemented in this country, as well as initiates the search for various forms and increases the effectiveness of public participation in the processes of formation and implementation of urban planning decisions. The results of the study can serve as information-theoretical and methodological support for spatial strategizing and urban planning of priority and border geostrategic territories of Russia, which have long been part of the "Baltic Sea Civilization".

scholarly journals DIETARY PATTERNS AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH OF THE POPULATION (ESSE-RF) STUDY IN THE KEMEROVO REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Maksimov ◽  
M. V. Tabakaev ◽  
Y. V. Danilchenko ◽  
T. A. Mulerova ◽  
E. V. Indukaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One

Nutrition is the one of the most important factors of the formation of a state of health of the person that requires the solution of two main objectives: determination of main population tendencies in the dietary patterns (DP) and the study of the influence of consumption of certain feedstuffs, products and groups of products on a state of health of the person. Within multicenter epidemiological research of the ESSE-RF the analysis of DP of the population of the Kemerovo region (1628 people aged of 25-64 years) and their association with indices of cardiovascular health is carried out. For grouping (determination of DP) frequencies of consumption of 13 groups of foodstuff the factorial analysis were used (a method of main components). The characteristic of commitment to the allocated DP in various age, gender and social-economic groups of the population, and also association of commitment to DP with factors of cardiovascular risk and some cardiovascular diseases is given. There were selected four DP types explaining of 44.8% of the structure of the frequency of consumption of foodstuff. In three out of four DPs there were revealed associations with the age and gender structure and education level of the population. According to two DPs multiple associations with indices of the cardiovascular health were noted: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the waist circumference, the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, presence of arterial hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia. The obtained associations allow to characterize “dairy” DP (high frequency of consumption of milk, sour cream, cottage cheese and cheese) as favorable, and “meat” DP (high frequency of consumption of meat, fish and seafood, birds) as adverse in respect of cardiovascular health that correspond to results of other investigations. The performed analysis has allowed characterize food preferences of the population of the Siberian region as in general on population, and on age, gender and social-economic groups. The obtained associations of two out of four DP with indices of cardiovascular health correspond to results of other Russian and foreign investigations.

scholarly journals Counteraction to offenses committed with the use of electronic payment systems: new challenges and problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Roman Volodymyrovych Shapoval ◽  
Ruslan Orlovskyi ◽  
Maksym Sykal ◽  
Stanislav Zlyvko
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Electronic Payments ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Market Relations

Legal, organizational and technical issues of the current state of crime prevention in the field of electronic payment systems in different countries and in Ukraine are considered. The following methods were used in the article: dialectical, documentary analysis, analytical analysis of documents and observations. Identified and analyzed current trends and risks associated with the use of electronic payment systems by legal entities. Electronic payments have been found to be a progressive and convenient innovation on the one hand, which has greatly accelerated the ability of individuals to engage in day-to-day market relations, and on the other, to be unlawfully encroached upon and systematically improved by criminals. Based on this, emphasis is placed on the urgent need for proper protection of payment systems. It is noted that examples of global counteraction to crimes and various offenses committed in the field of electronic payments are developed countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Singapore, as well as the European Union, especially France and Germany. As a result of the study, it has been noted that the above countries have all the opportunities to provide Ukraine and its citizens, as well as government officials with the necessary guidelines, technical and legal assistance to create an effective mechanism to combat offenses in the use of electronic payment systems.

Early School Leaving in Greece and Europe and Educational Inequality: Actions and Policies against Educational and Social Exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Souzanna-Maria Nikolaou ◽  
Monika Papa ◽  
Lela Gogou
Keyword(s):  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Early School ◽  
School Drop Out ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The One

A key issue regarding the educational policy in Greece and the European Union is the early leaving of the school. On the one hand, rises the problem of under-birth that some developed countries face and, on the other, the existence of economically and socially non-productive people, who nevertheless consist a part of the society. In our time and more than ever, society must overcome various obstacles in order to achieve the development and sustainable growth which is also Europe’s strategy for this decade. In the this study the authors examine early school drop-out by focusing on the social causes and on the research findings that have been carried out, indicating measures and strategies for prevention and treatment. A second part of the study concerns the presentation of the European Union's educational policies in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy, with the aim of showing the progress of the strategic actions in the education of Greece. Our study shows that the EU member states are making great efforts in order to achieve the best possible result in education in the shortest possible time: That is, to form efficient teachers and schools by emphasizing and empowering the elimination of social and educational exclusions, as an integral part of the pursuit of progress and development of the society and the economy.

scholarly journals Supporting Europe’s Energy Policy Towards a Decarbonised Energy System: A Comparative Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Papapostolou ◽  
Charikleia Karakosta ◽  
Kalliopi-Anastasia Kourti ◽  
Haris Doukas ◽  
John Psarras
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
System A ◽  
Promethee Method ◽  
Sustainable Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

The European Union (EU) aims to prepare its strategy and infrastructure for further decarbonisation of its energy system in the longer term towards 2050. Recent political discussions and research interest focus on ways to accelerate the development and deployment of low-carbon technologies with respect to the targets set for 2030 and 2050. However, the diverse options available that are to be implemented, are policy sensitive and need careful comparative assessment. This paper presents a multi-criteria approach based on an extension of the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) method for group decision-making that incorporates fuzzy set theory in order to evaluate alternative transformation pathways for achieving a sustainable energy system in EU. This assessment aims at providing a direction towards a most preferable pathway concept that should be taken into account by a future model-based analysis of the necessary transformation of our energy sector. The results obtained could support policymakers in drawing effective recommendations based on the findings. The added value of this analysis to policymakers is its contribution to plan climate and energy strategies towards a low-carbon transition pathway by using the information of this approach and prioritizing uncertainties through an environmental and energy perspective.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document