Robert Dahl, A Preface to Democratic Theory

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric MacGilvray
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Popular Control

Democracy can be understood as a mechanism for making decisions and as an ideal of social life. The defense of “polyarchy” that Robert Dahl provides in A Preface to Democratic Theory takes a negative position on both dimensions. It is not concerned with enabling “the people” to decide political outcomes, but rather with ensuring that no one has unchecked decision-making power. Nor is it concerned with developing people’s capacities to the fullest, but rather with harnessing their competitive energies so that no one can impose their will unilaterally on the whole. Ironically, the moral underpinnings of this approach lie in the Madisonian system that Dahl rejects. Like Madison, Dahl focuses on the republican aim of preventing the arbitrary exercise of power rather than the democratic aim of securing popular control over elected officials. Unlike Madison, Dahl argues that the success of this project depends on social rather than constitutional factors.

scholarly journals Representation and Equality: Basic Education Democracy in Minangkabau

AL-TA LIM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Warnis Warnis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Democratic Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Democracy Education ◽  
The People ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
Data Source

Social life of a village in Minangkabau is built on a tradition of democracy and mutual agreement. This study aims to explain and elaborate on the values contained in the legend and tradition as the basis of democratic education in Minangkabau. Furthermore, it also describes the potential and contribution of the custom that support the understanding of democracy and democratization process that includes: Representativeness, Sakato consensus (Sakato, an institution that accommodates the aspirations of the people), decision-making, basic freedoms and individual engagement in decision-making, and the equality of voting rights in the deliberations. This study used a qualitative approach, comprehensive interviews and documentation as data collection. The data source is the prince, traditional leaders, Nagari custom, traditional Alam Minangkabau, Bundo Kanduang, religious leaders and society. Data analyzed refers to the analysis of qualitative data presented by Alwasilah (2002). The results showed that the global concept of democracy can be united with the democracy education system brought by traditional communities. That is, people's understanding of democracy education not only refers to the idea of West democracy. However, the custom values of society can be used as the basis democratic education for Minangkabau society of the present and future. The result also shows that the Minangkabau community has first implemented democracy based on traditional values long before Western democracy applied in Indonesia, especially in Minangkabau.

Democracy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The People ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Origins

When compared to various forms of autocracy, monarchy, theocracy, oligarchy, and dictatorship, democracies are better at solving, routinizing, and institutionalizing basic problems of common social life and collective action. This article explores the historical origins of ideas that articulate and justify contemporary democratic theory and practice. First, it surveys the conceptual questions embedded in the concept of democracy inherited from the Greek, demokratia—literally, the power (kratos) of the people (demos), though commonly translated as rule of the people. Embedded in this concept of democracy we find at least four basic classes of questions: Who are “the people”? At what level of organization is “self-government” directed? How is the rule of the people translated into collective decisions and actions? Why is democracy good? The answers to these questions form, as it were, the history of democratic theory from the perspective of what historical democratic ideas and practices might contribute to the present and future of democracy.

scholarly journals Agents of Popular Sovereignty

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Wolkenstein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
Elected Representatives

Popular sovereignty requires that citizens perceive themselves as being able to act and implement decisions, and that they are de facto causally connected to mechanisms of decision making. I argue that the two most common understandings of the exercise of popular sovereignty—which center on direct decision making by the people as a whole and the indirect exercise of democratic agency by elected representatives, respectively—are inadequate in this respect, and go on to suggest a complementary account that stresses the central role of internally democratic and participatory political parties in actualising popular sovereignty, drawing on the democratic theory of Hans Kelsen.

scholarly journals Democratic values in Balinese traditional society: Analysis of the making and the content of Desa Pakraman’s awig-awig

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
IGP Bagus Suka Arjawa ◽  
IGA Mas Rwa Jayantiari
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic Practices

This article describes the existence of democracy at a traditional level in Desa Pakraman in Bali. In Balinese society, Desa Pakraman is the root of social life, where people make interaction in culture and religion. Desa Pakraman is an organization underlies the life of Balinese society. Desa Pakraman has traditional instrument, called awig-awig. Awig-awig is an instrument of customary law in the society where the people have to obey the norms of the traditional law institution. Democratic practices and norms are apparent when people at Desa Pakraman build the awig-awig. Freedom of opinion can be found when people deliver their opinion we can find the equality of the human being. The research held in Desa Pakraman Penyalin, Tabanan, Bali, with qualitative method research. This research used democratic theory and participant theory. The research found that democracy has been practised at traditional society in Bali especially when people build the instrument of customary law. In Bali, this is called awig-awig. The awig-awig contains democratic instruments like equality before the law, human right and regular election to vote Desa Pakraman’s officials.

To Investigate the Critical Influencing Factors for Decision Making Process of Students Who Want to Study Abroad

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
JueJueMyint Toe ◽  
Ali Abdulbaqi Ameen ◽  
Sui Reng Liana ◽  
Amiya Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
International Level ◽  
Continuing Higher Education ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Overseas

Myanmar is the developing country and its education system is not yet to international level. Hence, most of the young adults, who like to upgrade their knowledge global wide and to gain international recognized higher educational certificates, choose to study overseas rather than continuing higher education after their high education nowadays, that becomes the trend of young people to study overseas since the competency among the people is getting intense based on the education level in every industry. The purpose of this research is to understand that students’ decision making process of selecting university. The study will be conducted to see clear trend of Myanmar students’ decision making of studying in abroad. This research will cover the context of what is Myanmar students’ perception of abroad, how they consider among other countries and explaining those factors which determine Myanmar students’ choice and how they decide to study abroad.

CHARACTERIZATION OF RELIGIOUS STYLE AS A FUNCTIONAL STYLE IN LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Barnokhon Kushakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Creation

This article discusses the conditions, reasons and factors of characterization of religious style as a functional style in the field of linguistics. In addition, religious style and its main peculiarities, its importance in the social life, and the functional features of religious style are highlighted in the article. As a result of our investigation, the following results were obtained: a) the increase in the need for the creation and significance of religious language, particularly religious texts has been scientifically proved; b) the possibility of religious texts to represent the thoughts of the people, culture and world outlook has been verified; c) the specificity of religious language, religious texts has been revealed; d) the development of religious style as a functional style has been grounded.

Popularitas Tari Piring sebagai Identitas Budaya Minangkabau

Panggung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrayuda
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Origin Area

ABSTRACT This article aims to explain the existence of Tari Piring dance as a culture identity of Minang- kabau people, both the people who live in the origin area and outside the area. Tari Piring dance is a traditional cultural heritage of Minangkabau people which is used and preserved by Minangkabau people in their life so that it becomes culture identity of Minangkabau people. As the identity of Minangkabau people, Piring dance is able to express attitudes and behaviors as well as the charac- teristics of Minangkabau people. The dance can serve as a reflection of social and cultural life style of Minangkabau society. Through Tari Piring performance, the outsider can understand Minangkabau people and their culture. Tari Piring, therefore, is getting more adhere to the social life of Minang- kabau people in West Sumatra and in the regions overseas. In the spirit of togetherness, Minang- kabau society preserves the existence of Piring dance as the identity and cultural heritage up to the present time. Keywords: Piring Dance, Minangkabau culture  ABSTRAK Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keberadaan Tari Piring sebagai identitas bu- daya masyarakat Minangkabau, baik yang berada di daerah asal maupun di daerah peran- tauan. Tari Piring merupakan warisan budaya tradisional masyarakat Minangkabau yang digunakan dan dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Minangkabau dalam kehidupannya sehingga menjadi identitas budaya Minangkabau. Sebagai jati diri masyarakat Minangkabau, Tari Piring mampu mengungkapkan sikap dan prilaku serta karakteristik orang Minangkabau. Tari Piring dapat berperan sebagai cerminan dari corak kehidupan sosial budaya masyara- kat Minangkabau. Melalui pertunjukan Tari Piring, masyarakat luar dapat memahami orang Minangkabau dan budayanya. Oleh karena itu, sampai saat ini Tari Piring semakin melekat dengan kehidupan sosial masyarakat Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat maupun di daerah perantauan. Dengan semangat kebersamaan, masyarakat Minangkabau mampu mempertahankan keberadaan Tari Piring sebagai identitas dan warisan budayanya hingga masa kini. Kata kunci : Tari Piring, budaya Minangkabau

Principles of a Successful Social Life, In The Light of Islamic Teachings

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suleman Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
Islamic Society

Society means a group of people who are living together. People need society from birth to death. Without a collective life, man's deeds, intentions, and habits have no value. Islamic society is the name of a balanced and moderate life in which human intellect, customs, and social etiquette are determined in the light of divine revelation. This system is so comprehensive and all-encompassing that it covers all aspects and activities of life. Islam is a comprehensive, universal, complete code of conduct, and an ideal way of life It not only recognizes the collectiveness of human interaction. Rather, it helps in the development of the community and gives it natural principles that strengthen the community and provides good foundations for it and eliminates the factors that spoil it or make it limited and useless. The Principles of a successful social life in Islamic society seem to reflect the Islamic code of conduct and human nature. Islam is the only religion that advocates goodness and guarantees well-being. Islam gives us self-sacrifice, generosity, trust and honesty, service to the people, justice and fairness, forgiveness and kindness, good society and economy, good deeds, mutual unity, harmony, and brotherhood. Only by practicing the pure thoughts, beliefs, and unparalleled ideas of the religion of Islam, can a person live a prosperous life and he can feel real peace and lasting contentment in the moments of his life. A descriptive and analytical research methodology will be used in this study. It is concluded that for a prosperous social life it is necessary to abide by the injunction of Islamic principles, which provides a sound foundation for a successful social life here in the world and hereafter.

scholarly journals Elite Decision-making and International Law: Promises and Perils of the Behavioral Revolution

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Law ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Public ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Direct Study ◽  
The People ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Actual Decision

A growing body of research applies behavioral approaches to the study of international law, mainly by studying convenience samples of students or other segments of the general public. Alongside the promises of this agenda are concerns about applying findings from non-elite populations to the people, and groups of people, charged with most real-world decision-making in the domain of law and governance. This concern is compounded by the fact that it is extremely difficult to recruit these actual decision-makers in a way that allows for direct study.

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