Effects of exercise training combined with psychological intervention compared to exercise training alone in prediabetes subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Yu Siyu ◽  
Liu Hong ◽  
Yan Qun ◽  
Qiu Hua ◽  
Wu Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Prior research has confirmed the efficacy of exercise training (ET) in patients with prediabetes. However, whether the effectiveness of a combination of exercise and psychological intervention (EP) is better than ET alone in prediabetes in terms of physiological function, psychological status and glycometabolism has rarely been investigated. Methods Forty newly diagnosed prediabetes patients (65.3 ± 8.1 years) took part in the study. Subjects were divided into a pure ET group and a combined EP group. Interventions were conducted in 40–50-min sessions twice weekly for 32 weeks. Physiological, psychological and biochemical indicator measurements were taken after pre-, mid- and post-interventions, respectively. Results The main finding confirmed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate, high-density lipoprotein, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from pre- to mid- and post-test differentially in both groups (P < 0.05) by post hoc analyses. The EP group has a greater magnitude of improvement of DBP than the ET group. Significant differences were observed in FPG at mid-intervention and total cholesterol at post-intervention between the ET and EP groups. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores of EP group were significantly less than ET group after post-intervention. Conclusion Our results suggest that EP might be a promising method lead to more apparent long-term effects on glycometabolism and psychological status for prediabetes patients. Other domains were improved by both interventions, but no typical pattern could be identified. Its underlying mechanisms need further study, and directions for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Increased blood cholesterol after a high saturated fat diet is prevented by aerobic exercise training

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Fernando Ortega ◽  
Valentín Emilio Fernández-Elías ◽  
Nassim Hamouti ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Post Intervention

A high saturated fatty acids diet (HSFAD) deteriorates metabolic and cardiovascular health while aerobic training improves them. The aim of this study was to investigate in physically inactive and overweight people if 2 weeks of HSFAD leads to hyperlipemia or insulin resistance and if concurrent aerobic exercise training counteracts those effects. Fourteen overweight (body mass index, 27.5 ± 0.6 kg·m−2), healthy, young individuals (aged 24.8 ± 1.8 years) were randomly assigned to a diet (D) or a diet plus exercise (D + E) group. During 14 consecutive days both groups increased dietary saturated fatty acids from 31 ± 10 to 52 ± 14 g·day−1(p < 0.001) while maintaining total fat intake. Concurrent to the diet, the D + E group underwent 11 cycle-ergometer sessions of 55 min at 60% peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak). Before and after intervention, insulin sensitivity and body composition were estimated, and blood lipids, resting blood pressure, and V̇O2peakwere measured. Body weight and composition, plasma free fatty acids composition and concentration, and insulin sensitivity remained unchanged in both groups. However, post-intervention total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased above pre-intervention values in the D group (147 ± 8 to 161 ± 9 mg·dL−1, p = 0.018 and 71 ± 10 to 82 ± 10 mg·dL−1, p = 0.034, respectively). In contrast, in the D + E group, TCand LDL-C remained unchanged (153 ± 20 to 157 ± 24 mg·dL−1and 71 ± 21 to 70 ± 25 mg·dL−1). Additionally, the D + E group lowered systolic blood pressure (6 ± 2 mm Hg, p = 0.029) and increased V̇O2peak(6 ± 2 mL·kg−1·min−1, p = 0.020). Increases in TCand LDL-C concentration induced by 14 days of HSFAD can be prevented by concurrent aerobic exercise training, which, in addition, improves cardiorespiratory fitness.

scholarly journals The impact of aerobic and isometric exercise on different measures of dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein in patients with hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1301-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Pagonas ◽  
Stergios Vlatsas ◽  
Frederic Bauer ◽  
Felix S Seibert ◽  
B Sasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
The Impact

Background Exercise training increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, but its effect on HDL function is unclear. In hypertensives, exercise improves endothelial dysfunction, which is related to HDL function. In the present study, we assess for the first time the effects of different exercise modalities on two cell-free assays of HDL function. Design The study was conducted as a prospective randomized controlled trial in 75 hypertensive patients. Methods Patients were randomized in three groups: (a) handgrip isometric training five times weekly; (b) placebo-handgrip; and (c) aerobic exercise training at least three times per week. HDL function was assessed in serum samples at baseline and after 12 weeks of training by two independent assays that determine the proinflammatory phenotype (haptoglobin content) of a specific amount of HDL (Haptoglobin-HDL [HPHDL]) and oxidized HDL (HDLox) as a measure of reduced antioxidant function of HDL. HDL function measures were normalized by the measures of a pooled control of sera from healthy participants and by HDL-C levels (normalized ratio, no units). Results Aerobic exercise led to significant reduction of the HDLox from 0.99 ± 0.27 to 0.90 ± 0.29 (no units, p = 0.03). The HPHDL did not change in any training group. Changes of HDLox correlated with reduction of the systolic blood pressure only after aerobic exercise ( R = 0.64, p = 0.03). Conclusions Aerobic but not isometric exercise improves the antioxidant function of HDL in patients with hypertension. This improvement correlates positively with reductions of blood pressure.

scholarly journals Brief Psychological Intervention Through Mobile App and Conference Calls for the Prevention of Depression in Non-Professional Caregivers: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4578
Author(s):  
Patricia Otero ◽  
Isabel Hita ◽  
Ángela J. Torres ◽  
Fernando L. Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Conference Calls ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
The One

Despite its potential, no intervention aimed at non-professional caregivers administered through a smartphone app has been proven to prevent depression. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of an indicated depression-prevention intervention for non-professional caregivers administered through an app with the addition of conference-call contact. The intervention was administered to 31 caregivers (Mean age = 54.0 years, 93.5% women). An independent evaluation determined the incidence of depression, depressive symptoms, risk of developing depression, and the variables in the theoretical model (positive environmental reinforcement, negative automatic thoughts) at the pre-intervention and post-intervention, as well as the one- and three-month follow-ups. The incidence of depression at 3 months of follow-up was 6.5%. There was a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and in the risk of developing depression (p < 0.001) at the post-intervention and at the one- and three-month follow-ups. The model’s variables improved significantly after the intervention and were associated with post-intervention depressive symptoms. The intervention was more effective in caregivers who had a lower level of depressive symptoms at the pre-intervention. Adherence and satisfaction with the intervention were high. The results encourage future research using a randomized controlled clinical trial.

scholarly journals Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Football Linemen

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie L. Buell ◽  
Doug Calland ◽  
Fiona Hanks ◽  
Bruce Johnston ◽  
Benjamin Pester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

Abstract Context: Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of symptoms associated with abdominal obesity that demonstrates a high risk for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus. Objective: To evaluate football linemen in National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, and III schools for the presence of metabolic syndrome according to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria as well as to document other related biomarkers. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: Three university locations on the first full day of football camp in early morning. Patients or Other Participants: Of 76 football linemen, 70 were able to provide blood samples. Main Outcome Measure(s): Height, mass, blood pressure, upper-body skinfolds, and waist circumference were measured at various stations. Two small venous samples of blood were collected and analyzed in a hospital laboratory for fasting insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and glycosylated hemoglobin. The last station was a verbal family history for cardiovascular disease and diabetes; also, athletes filled out a nutrition attitudes questionnaire. Results: Of the 70 athletes, 34 were identified as having metabolic syndrome according to measures of blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. The mean total cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio for the group was 4.95, with 32 participants displaying values higher than 5.0. Twelve volunteers had total cholesterol levels greater than 200 mmol/L, 15 had high levels of C-reactive protein, and 9 had slightly elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. Conclusions: Although athletes might be assumed to be protected from risks of cardiovascular disease, we found a high incidence of metabolic syndrome and other associated adverse biomarkers for heart disease in collegiate football linemen. Early screening, awareness, and intervention may have favorable effects on the overall health outcomes of football linemen.

scholarly journals The Effects of 2-Week 16:8-Hour Intermittent Fasting on Body Composition: Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Pietro Weaver ◽  
Alexander Zeizinger ◽  
Peter Vu ◽  
Hayden West ◽  
Soon-Mi Choi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Post Intervention

Intermittent fasting is a form of nutrition dieting in which an individual is allotted an amount of time to consume food throughout the day. Intermittent fasting has been shown to acutely change an individual’s body composition as an effective intervention. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of 2-week 16:8-hour intermittent fasting on body composition. Participants ages ranged from 21-24 years, with a total of four (males: 3, female: 1), all college aged students. All participants were involved in regular exercise but had no previous experience of intermittent fasting. Each participant consumed their normal dietary intake till day of pre-intervention testing but were told to be in a fasted state before undergoing baseline testing. A glucometer was used to evaluate fasted blood glucose. Blood pressure was determined by using a manual cuff. A stadiometer was used to measure participants height and weight. A flexible tape measure was used to determine the waist and hip circumferences, which were used to determine the waist to hip ratio. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Skinfold Calipers were used to determine body composition. Participants maintained normal physical activity levels, and logged volume and intensities in the MyFitnessPal application. Participants followed an isocaloric intake. Participants followed a 16:8 ratio, with a 16 hour fast and 8 hours allotted to consume food. Participants followed the intermittent fasting diet for a total of two weeks. Post-intervention was reevaluated at the two-week mark following intervention start. Data was presented as mean ± standard deviation and determined by descriptive analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. The results may indicate that intermittent fasting with a 16:8 ratio can decrease body mass and resting blood pressure in young individuals. Due to COVID-19, limitations were placed allotting only 2 weeks for intervention and for smaller sample size. For future research, study would be increased to 8 weeks with an increased sample size up.

Program of Rehabilitative Exercise and Education to Avert Vascular Events After Non-Disabling Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (PREVENT Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110603
Author(s):  
MacKay-Lyons Marilyn ◽  
Gubitz Gordon ◽  
Phillips Stephen ◽  
Giacomantonio Nicholas ◽  
Firth Wanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Background Non-disabling stroke (NDS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) herald the possibility of future, more debilitating vascular events. Evidence is conflicting about potency of exercise and education in reducing risk factors for second stroke. Methods Three-site, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with 184 participants <3 months of NDS or TIA (mean age, 65 years; 66% male) randomized to usual care (UC) or UC + 12-week program of exercise and education (PREVENT). Primary (resting systolic blood pressure) and secondary outcomes (diastolic blood pressure [DBPrest], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], total cholesterol [TC], TC/HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and body mass index) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 6- and 12-month follow-up. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was measured at baseline, post-intervention, 12-month assessments. Results Significant between-group differences at post-intervention favored PREVENT group over UC: DBPrest (mean difference [MD]: −3.2 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −6.3, −.2, P = .04) and LDL-C (MD: −.31 mmol/L, 95% CI: −.42, −.20, P = .02). Trends of improvement in PREVENT group were noted in several variables between baseline and 6-month follow-up but not sustained at 12-month follow-up. Of note, VO2 peak did not change over time in either group. Conclusion Impact of PREVENT on vascular risk factor reduction was more modest than anticipated, possibly because several outcome variables approximated normative values at baseline and training intensity may have been sub-optimal. Further investigation is warranted to determine when exercise and education programs are viable adjuncts to pharmaceutical management for reduction of risk factors for second stroke. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: #NCT00885456

Results of Language for Health: Cardiovascular Disease Nutrition Education for Latino English-as-a-Second-Language Students

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Elder ◽  
Jeanette I. Candelaria ◽  
Susan I. Woodruff ◽  
Michael H. Criqui ◽  
Gregory A. Talavera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Fat Avoidance

This report presents the final evaluation of Language for Health, part of a federally funded initiative to develop heart disease prevention interventions for low-literate populations. Language for Health specifically intervened with recent immigrants enrolled in English-as-a-second-language classes, incorporating nutritional behavior change materials into English-language curricula. Latino participants ( n = 732) were exposed to either nutrition education or stress management classes (attention-placebo group) designed specifically for low-English-literate adults. Participants completed physiological measures assessing blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, waist and hip circumference, and weight. Self-report surveys were administered to collect students’ nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, self-reported fat avoidance behaviors, and demographic information. Data were collected at baseline, 3-month posttest, and 6-month follow-up. Results indicated long-term effects of the intervention on nutrition knowledge and fat avoidance, yet only short-term effects on total cholesterol: HDL ratio and systolic blood pressure.

Prenatal stress and the development of psychopathology: Lifestyle behaviors as a fundamental part of the puzzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1129-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina De Weerth
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Maternal Sleep ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Exercise During Pregnancy

AbstractMaternal psychological stress, depression, and anxiety during pregnancy (prenatal stress; PNS) are thought to impact fetal development with long-term effects on offspring outcome. These effects would include physical and mental health, including psychopathology. Maternal sleep, diet, and exercise during pregnancy are lifestyle behaviors that are understudied and often solely included in PNS studies as confounders. However, there are indications that these lifestyle behaviors may actually constitute essential mediators between PNS and fetal programming processes. The goal of this theoretical review was to investigate this idea by looking at the evidence for associations between PNS and sleep, diet, and exercise, and by piecing together the information on potential underlying mechanisms and causal pathways through which these factors may affect the offspring. The analysis of the literature led to the conclusion that sleep, diet, and exercise during pregnancy, may have fundamental roles as mediators between PNS and maternal pregnancy physiology. By integrating these lifestyle behaviors into models of prenatal programming of development, a qualitatively higher and more comprehensive understanding of the prenatal origins of psychopathology can be obtained. The review finalizes by discussing some of the present challenges facing the field of PNS and offspring programming, and offering solutions for future research.

scholarly journals The Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (P08-037-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyao Huo ◽  
Changjun Yang ◽  
Michelle Cardel ◽  
Andrew Brown ◽  
Matthew Gurka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Pufa Intake

Abstract Objectives Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to provide various benefits for patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), such as reducing blood pressure and improving blood lipids, but results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA intake on components of MetS. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane databases up to June 2018 for randomized trials at least 30 days long comparing n-3 PUFAs with a control in patients diagnosed with MetS (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42017072332). The outcomes include body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. Mean differences post-intervention or mean change from baseline were combined using random-effects models; confirmation of within-study effect sizes is ongoing. Results A total of 14 trials were identified. The pooled results showed n-3 PUFA intake reduced systolic blood pressure by 3.92 mmHg (95%CI: –6.89, –0.96, P-value = 0.009, I2 = 34%, 9 trials) and diastolic blood pressure by 2.81 mmHg (95%CI: –4.26, –1.36, P-value = 0.0001, I2 = 15%, 8 trials). Body mass index was lower in the n-3 PUFA group by 3.19 kg/m2 (95%CI: –6.16, –0.22, P-value = 0.04, I2 = 97%, 7 trials) compared to the control group. Triglyceride levels in n-3 PUFA groups were significantly lower than the control when pooling trials with post intervention data only (–33.13 mg/dL, 95%CI: –49.44, –16.81, P-value < 0.0001, I2 = 71%, 6 trials), but the overall effect was non-significant when including studies with pre-post data (P-value = 0.08). The n-3 PUFA intake did not significantly alter high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P-value = 0.71) or fasting glucose (P-value = 0.36). Conclusions Our preliminary results provide evidence for beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on reducing blood pressure and improving weight control in patients with MetS, with less certain results for triglycerides. Sensitivity and confirmatory analyses are in progress to test the robustness of results under different effect-size assumptions and to investigate sources of heterogeneity. Most of the included trials had small sample sizes. Randomized trials with higher quality and larger scale are needed to confirm the findings. Funding Sources The authors received no funding for this specific work. Other funding support includes: AWB: NIH R25DK099080, R25HL124208. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Impact of Christian Orthodox Church dietary recommendations in Metabolic Syndrome risk factors: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
A. Kokkinopoulou ◽  
A. Kafatos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Fasting Period

Abstract Fasting has been a practice among followers of different religions for many years. Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasting is a periodic vegetarian-type diet while seafood and snails are allowed on most fasting days. The present scoping review aimed to present available data regarding the benefits of COC fasting on metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. Databases were searched for available studies. Twenty publications, with a total of 1226 fasting participants, provided data on the effects on different variables of the MetS, including blood pressure, blood lipids and anthropometric measurements. Fasters’ diet is characterized by low saturated and trans fat intake, high complex carbohydrate and fiber consumption, due to foods allowed to consume. COC fasting has no deficiency in essential amino acids intake since seafood and snails allowed on fasting days. Fasters have healthier blood lipid profiles during and after COC fasting periods, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, body weight and body mass index are reduced after a fasting period. Due to restricted or forbidden intake of specific foods during the COC fasting periods, one might expect that fasters may have reduced intake of macro- and micro-nutrients, but as showed in the available literature there are no deficiencies. Future research on COC fasting is needed in areas not investigated at all, like MetS, before reaching definite conclusions.

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