scholarly journals Increased blood cholesterol after a high saturated fat diet is prevented by aerobic exercise training

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Fernando Ortega ◽  
Valentín Emilio Fernández-Elías ◽  
Nassim Hamouti ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Post Intervention

A high saturated fatty acids diet (HSFAD) deteriorates metabolic and cardiovascular health while aerobic training improves them. The aim of this study was to investigate in physically inactive and overweight people if 2 weeks of HSFAD leads to hyperlipemia or insulin resistance and if concurrent aerobic exercise training counteracts those effects. Fourteen overweight (body mass index, 27.5 ± 0.6 kg·m−2), healthy, young individuals (aged 24.8 ± 1.8 years) were randomly assigned to a diet (D) or a diet plus exercise (D + E) group. During 14 consecutive days both groups increased dietary saturated fatty acids from 31 ± 10 to 52 ± 14 g·day−1(p < 0.001) while maintaining total fat intake. Concurrent to the diet, the D + E group underwent 11 cycle-ergometer sessions of 55 min at 60% peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak). Before and after intervention, insulin sensitivity and body composition were estimated, and blood lipids, resting blood pressure, and V̇O2peakwere measured. Body weight and composition, plasma free fatty acids composition and concentration, and insulin sensitivity remained unchanged in both groups. However, post-intervention total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased above pre-intervention values in the D group (147 ± 8 to 161 ± 9 mg·dL−1, p = 0.018 and 71 ± 10 to 82 ± 10 mg·dL−1, p = 0.034, respectively). In contrast, in the D + E group, TCand LDL-C remained unchanged (153 ± 20 to 157 ± 24 mg·dL−1and 71 ± 21 to 70 ± 25 mg·dL−1). Additionally, the D + E group lowered systolic blood pressure (6 ± 2 mm Hg, p = 0.029) and increased V̇O2peak(6 ± 2 mL·kg−1·min−1, p = 0.020). Increases in TCand LDL-C concentration induced by 14 days of HSFAD can be prevented by concurrent aerobic exercise training, which, in addition, improves cardiorespiratory fitness.

Sympathetic activity and the heterogenous blood pressure response to exercise training in hypertensives

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1434-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Brown ◽  
Donald R. Dengel ◽  
Robert V. Hogikyan ◽  
Mark A. Supiano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Wide Range

To test whether changes in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity or insulin sensitivity contribute to the heterogeneous blood pressure response to aerobic exercise training, we used compartmental analysis of [3H]norepinephrine kinetics to determine the extravascular norepinephrine release rate (NE2) as an index of systemic SNS activity and determined the insulin sensitivity index (SI) by an intravenous glucose tolerance test, before and after 6 mo of aerobic exercise training, in 30 (63 ± 7 yr) hypertensive subjects. Maximal O2consumption increased from 18.4 ± 0.7 to 20.8 ± 0.7 ml · kg−1· min−1( P = 0.02). The average mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) did not change (114 ± 2 vs. 114 ± 2 mmHg); however, there was a wide range of responses (−19 to +17 mmHg). The average NE2did not change significantly (2.11 ± 0.15 vs. 1.99 ± 0.13 μg · min−1· m−2), but there was a significant positive linear relationship between the change in NE2and the change in MABP ( r = 0.38, P = 0.04). SIincreased from 2.81 ± 0.37 to 3.71 ± 0.42 μU × 10−4· min−1· ml−1( P = 0.004). The relationship between the change in SIand the change in MABP was not statistically significant ( r = −0.03, P = 0.89). When the changes in maximal O2consumption, percent body fat, NE2, and SIwere considered as predictors of the change in MABP, only NE2was a significant independent predictor. Thus suppression of SNS activity may play a role in the reduction in MABP and account for a portion of the heterogeneity of the MABP response to aerobic exercise training in older hypertensive subjects.

scholarly journals APOE genotype affects black-white responses of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subspecies to aerobic exercise training

Metabolism ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1669-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Obisesan ◽  
Robert E. Ferrell ◽  
Andrew P. Goldberg ◽  
Dana A. Phares ◽  
Tina J. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Prenatal exercise and cardiovascular health (PEACH) study: The remote effect of aerobic exercise training on conduit artery and resistance vessel function.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhbeer Singh Boparai ◽  
Rachel J Skow ◽  
Sauleha Farooq ◽  
Craig D Steinback ◽  
Margie H Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention

We assessed the impact of a structured lower-limb aerobic exercise training intervention during pregnancy on brachial artery endothelial function, shear rate and patterns, and forearm blood flow and reactive hyperemia. Twenty-seven pregnant women were recruited and randomized into either a control group (n=11; 31.0 ± 0.7 years), or an exercise intervention group (n=16; 32.6 ± 0.9 years; NCT02948439). The exercise group completed 40 minutes of aerobic exercise (50-70% heart rate reserve) 3-4 times per week, between the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD, normalized for shear stress) pre- (16-20 weeks) and post-intervention (34-36 weeks). The exercise training group experienced an attenuated increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) relative to the control group (∆MAP exercise: +2± 2 mmHg vs. control: +7±3 mmHg; p=0.044) from pre- to post-intervention. % FMD change corrected for shear stress was not different between groups (p=0.460); however, the post occlusion mean flow rate (exercise: 437±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±35 mL/min; p=0.001) and post occlusion anterograde flow rate (exercise: 438±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±46 mL/min;p=0.001) were larger for the exercise training group compared to controls, post-intervention. Although endothelial function was not different between groups, we observed an increase in microcirculatory dilatory capacity, as suggested by the augmented reactive hyperemia in the exercise training group. Novelty: • Endothelial function was not altered with exercise training during pregnancy. • Exercise training did contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes, which may have been associated with augmented reactive hyperaemia, indicative of increased microcirculatory dilatory capacity

Effect of the Joint Administration of Selenium and Vitamin E in Combination with Regular Aerobic Exercise on Markers of Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase in Diabetic Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Long Term Treatment

We investigated the effect of long-term treatment (6 wk) with selenium and vitamin E, in combination with aerobic exercise training, on malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and glutathione peroxi-dase (GPx) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The rats were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups (n = 12 per group): 1) exercise group (EX), 2) selenium/vitamin E/exercise group (SVE), and 3) selenium/vitamin E group (SV). To estimate the acute effect of exercise, a 30-min endurance exercise was used. The MDA concentration was significantly lower in the SVE. The ox-LDL was significantly lower in the SVE and SV. The hepatic concentrations of selenium and vitamin E were significantly higher in the SVE. These results indicate that the increase in MDA is mildly attenuated in rats that were aerobically trained. Moreover, the joint administration of selenium and vitamin E with or without exercise training reduces the levels of ox-LDL.

Fat in animal products: facts and perceptions

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin

AbstractEarly research in man at the end of the fifties and beginning of the sixties indicated that the composition of dietary fat influenced plasma cholesterol levels. In effect this research showed that plasma cholesterol was raised by saturated fatty acids (SFA), was lowered by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and was not influenced by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Within the SFA it was also observed that the greater the chain length, the lesser the cholesterol raising effect. A quantitative relationship between the change in blood cholesterol (ΔC) resultant from changes in the percentage energy from SFA (ΔS) and PUFA (ΔP) was established as ΔC = 1.3 (2ΔS − ΔP). For the ensuing tivo decades this association dominated nutrition education programmes with the message that ‘saturates or animal fats raise blood cholesterol and polyunsaturates or vegetable oils lower blood cholesterol’.In the 1980s it became evident that the two main fractions of blood cholesterol yielded different risks for coronary heart disease. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol raised the risk and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol lowered the risk. Earlier work on the qualitative effect of dietary fat was now repeated to examine the direction of change of the LDL and HDL subfractions of plasma cholesterol. Broadly speaking these data showed that SFA raised LDL cholesterol and had little effect on HDL cholesterol. PUFA lowered LDL cholesterol but when the intake was high, also lowered HDL cholesterol. Whilst this summarizes events leading up to current thinking on dietary fats and blood cholesterol, it is likely in the near future to be linked to another area of research involving the antioxidant vitamins and pro-vitamins (vitamin E, vitamin C and β-carotene). A growing body of data in the literature indicates a protective effect of antioxidant vitamins in epidemiological trials.Notwithstanding these findings, it is likely that dietary advice will continue to seek a lowering of SFA intake. PUFA intake will be capped and MUFA intake will be a more acceptable alternative. However, with increasing emphasis on antioxidant vitamin status, such advice is likely to be coupled with advice on increased consumption of fruit and vegetables.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Training Enhances The Blood Pressure-lowering Effect Of Antihypertensive Medication.

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7S) ◽  
pp. 856-856
Author(s):  
MIGUEL RAMIREZ-JIMENEZ ◽  
FELIX MORALES-PALOMO ◽  
ALFONSO MORENO-CABAÑAS ◽  
JUAN FERNANDO ORTEGA ◽  
LAURA ALVAREZ-JIMENEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering Effect ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Pressure Lowering

scholarly journals The sex Differences in Blood Pressure and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation during the Menopause Transition at Rest and after Aerobic Exercise Training

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maycon Jr Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo D. Esposti ◽  
Aline O. Jarrete ◽  
Carlos H. G. Sponton ◽  
Angelina Zanesco
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Menopausal Transition ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Menopause Transition

Background: Sex differences in blood pressure (BP) exist during all reproductive life between women and men whereas a sharper increase in BP occurs after menopause which is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. This study examined cardiovascular and biochemical parameters in perimenopausal women (PW) aiming to investigate the influence of sex on a) office BP and for 24 hours; b) cardiac autonomic modulation; c) redox state by measuring MDA, SOD, and catalase; d) NOx- concentration. In addition, aerobic exercise training (AET) was applied for detecting changes in cardiovascular responsiveness during the menopausal transition. Methods: Thirty-one participants were enrolled, healthy PW and age-matched men. Cardiovascular and biochemical biomarkers were evaluated at baseline and after AET (8 weeks of exercise on a treadmill, three sessions/week, duration of 30-40 minutes). Results: At rest, PW presented: a) a lower diastolic BP during daytime; b) a lower absolute and normalized LF component as well as a higher HF normalized component; d) no sex differences for redox biomarkers and NOx- concentration. After AET, only PW was responsive in lowering systolic BP that was accompanied by an increase in NOx- concentration and SOD activity. Regarding HRV, both groups were responsive to the AET. Conclusions: During the menopausal transition, systolic BP was similar to men whereas cardiac autonomic modulation remained unaltered showing the influence of sex steroids on BP. In Addition, AET was fundamental during the menopause transition by preventing an elevation in BP, minimizing the effects of aging associated with estrogen deficiency on women's cardiovascular health.

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