scholarly journals The Institutional Foundations of Religious Politics: Evidence from Indonesia*

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 845-911
Author(s):  
Samuel Bazzi ◽  
Gabriel Koehler-Derrick ◽  
Benjamin Marx
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
Critical Juncture ◽  
Religious Influence ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Institutional Foundations

Abstract This article explores the foundations of religious influence in politics and society. We show that an important Islamic institution fostered the entrenchment of Islamism at a critical juncture in Indonesia, the world’s largest Muslim country. In the early 1960s, rural elites transferred large amounts of land into waqf—inalienable charitable trusts in Islamic law—to avoid expropriation by the state. Regions facing a greater threat of expropriation exhibit more prevalent waqf land and Islamic institutions endowed as such, including mosques and religious schools. These endowments provided conservative forces with the capital needed to promote Islamist ideology and mobilize against the secular state. We identify lasting effects of the transfers on the size of the religious sector, electoral support for Islamist parties, and the adoption of local sharia laws. These effects are shaped by greater demand for religion in government but not by greater piety among the electorate. Waqf assets also impose costs on the local economy, particularly in agriculture, where these endowments are associated with lower productivity. Overall, our findings shed new light on the origins and consequences of Islamism.

scholarly journals AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPLICATION OF FIQH AL-HANAFI UNDER ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW (FEDERAL TERRITORIES) ACT 1984

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-336
Author(s):  
Azizah binti Mohd
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Identification Card ◽  
Islamic Family Law

Malaysia is a Muslim country consisting of thirteen States and Federal Territories (Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya). In principal, the official madhhab that is practised  in Malaysia is Shafi’i Madhhab and this becomes common to all Malaysians even though it is not officially registered in the identification card of a Malaysian. Accordingly, in many religious affairs and practices, the society is based upon the principles or fiqh al-Shafi’i. Nevertheless, views of other Sunni madhhab is freely practiced by all Malaysians. Furthermore, the codification on Islamic law in the State Enactments in all States in Malaysia is based upon four Sunni schools of law. It follows that the Islamic law in Malaysia is not purely based on the Shafi’i madhhab and in many occasions adopted the view of Hanafi school depending on the adaptability of the opinion to the society. This article deals with the application of fiqh al-Hanafi under the Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984. Analysis will extend to the practices in the Malaysian Syariah Court when dealing with cases involving Muslims and the most appropriate view of the madhhab that is to be adopted by the Syariah Court in order to solve a particular issue. The study employs the qualitative method of study where it only involves library research. It is believed that this research will be beneficial to all who seek knowledge and useful to all researchers, academicians, legal practitioners, students and scholars.

scholarly journals PROSPEK PELEMBAGAAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Achmad Al-Muhajir SAM
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Normative Status

Indonesian is constitutionally as the state of Pancasila and not as a religious state, but the state is able to accommodate a number of religious norms in the formation of legislation. Indonesia, as the largest Muslim country in the world with a diversity of ethnic, religious and ethnic groups, has chosen the plural of legal system. This situation provides an opportunity to source a specific law affects the formation and preparation of the norms of national law. Islamic law has long been used in the community, even before the colonial period, has significant effect in certain customary law in society. This paper describes the existence of Islamic Law in the plurality of national law amidst the process of the tug of political struggle of national law in reform era. This discussion is focused on the following; first, the prospect legal institution of Islamic law in Indonesia; second, the resistance and constraint in course of legal institution of Islamic law in Indonesia. This paper was as a result of library research using legal normative status, historical, and sociological point of view.

Metodologi Pengeluaran Fatwa di Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Mohd Faez Mohd Shah ◽  
Norhidayah Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Right

In the discipline of Islamic law research, strong proofing and clear Istinbat method are key pillars in the construction of Islamic law based on the application of the science of usul al-fiqh and maqasid al-shari'ah. However, what happens at the state of Johor’s fatwa institution is the opposite. The fatwa research methods applied by the Fatwa Committee of Johor in resolving current fatwa issues is not based on the right and true discipline of Islamic law research. In fact, current inputs related to fatwa issues are not explicitly stated in the method of determining the law either in the form of reality or scientifically verified. Therefore, this paper will discuss the fatwa procedures undertaken by the Fatwa Committee of Johor based on the methods applied in resolving current issues. The research methodology adopted is library and interview methods. This study shows that fatwa management and production in the state of Johor is placed under the jurisdiction of the Mufti of Johor’s Department. The methods adopted by the Fatwa Committee of Johor covers two methods, namely: internal research methods including literature review through the application of original source and proofs based on syarak. Second: field research method that includes an external review or going to the location of study such as conducting observation, questionnaires and interviews including referrals to specialists of different fields. Maslahah and mafsdah consideration are also implemented by the Fatwa Committee in every fatwa decision based on the standard that meets the interests of maqasid al-shari'ah. Keywords: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah ABSTRAK Dalam disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam, kekuatan pendalilan dan kaedah istinbat yang jelas merupakan tunggak utama dalam pembinaan hukum Islam berasaskan kepada aplikasi ilmu usul al-fiqh dan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun begitu, apa yang berlaku di institusi fatwa negeri Johor adalah sebaliknya. Kaedah penyelidikan fatwa yang diaplikasi oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor dalam menyelesaikan isu fatwa semasa tidak berasaskan kepada disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam yang tepat dan sebenar. Malahan input-input semasa yang berkaitan dengan isu fatwa juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam kaedah penentuan hukum sama ada dalam bentuk realiti yang berlaku atau pembuktian secara saintifik. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan prosedur fatwa Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor berdasarkan metode-metode yang diaplikasi dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu yang bersifat semasa. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah melalui metode perpustakaan dan metode lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan dan pengeluaran fatwa di negeri Johor hanya terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Jabatan Mufti Johor. Metode fatwa yang diamalkan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor merangkumi dua metode iaitu pertama, kaedah penyelidikan dalaman yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan menerusi pengaplikasian dari sumber asas dan dalil-dalil syarak. Kedua, kaedah penyelidikan lapangan yang meliputi kajian luaran atau turun ke lokasi kajian seperti observasi, soal selidik dan temubual dan rujukan kepada pakar dalam bidang yang berlainan. Pertimbangan maslahah dan mafsdah juga dimplementasikan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa dalam setiap keputusan fatwanya berasaskan standard yang menepati kepentingan maqasid al-shari’ah. Kata kunci: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah

Hukum Denda dalam Keuangan Publik Islam di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Fathul Aminudin Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Fines are sanctions or punishments that are applied in the form of the obligation to pay a sum of money imposed on the denial of a number of agreements previously agreed upon. There is debate over the status of fines in Islamic law. Some argue that fines may not be used, and some argue that they may be used. In the context of fines for delays in payment of taxes, in fiqh law it can be analogous to ta'zir bi al-tamlīk (punishment for ownership). This can be justified if the tax obligations have met the requirements. Whereas according to Islamic teachings, fines can be categorized as acts in order to obey government orders as taught in the hadith, and in order to contribute to the realization of mutual benefit in the life of the state. As for the amount of the fine, the government cannot arbitrarily determine fines that are too large to burden the people. Penalties are applied as a message of reprimand and as a means to cover the lack of the state budget.

EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN PERATURAN PENCATATAN PERCERAIAN DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juriyana Megawati Hasibuan Dan Fatahuddin Aziz Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Shipping Costs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Happy Marriage ◽  
Religious Courts ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Marriage is a sacred bond which is ideally only held once in a lifetime. Both Islamic law and positive law require an eternal happy marriage. To support this the Koran proclaims marriage as mitsaqan galiza. The marriage is then registered in the state administration. In line with this, the laws and regulations are formulated in such a way as to make divorce more difficult. However, when there are acceptable reasons and due to coercive conditions, divorce can be done through a judicial process. The divorce must then be registered by taking certain procedures. The court delivered the notice and sent a copy of the decision to the marriage registrar to file the divorce properly. The implementation of this divorce record was not effective. The separation of the Religious Courts Institution from the Ministry of Religion has become a factor that causes the registration task not to be carried out. The loss of the obligation to submit a copy of the decision on the judge's ruling caused the recording to be constrained. The unavailability of shipping costs also contributed to the failure to register divorce. Even though there is a threat to the Registrar who neglects to deliver a copy of the verdict, unclear sanctions make this ineffective. As a result of the lack of recording of divorce, the status of husband and wife becomes unclear and opens opportunities for abuse of that status.

EKSISTENSI PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ahmad Muhammad Mustain Nasuha
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The State ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Draft Bill

This study aims the death penalty in Indonesia. We know where the death penalty is contrary or not in terms of the constitution and Islamic law, then we can conclude that if the legal implementation of the death penalty in Indonesia continue to be done or should be abolished. Based on research and the analysis conducted, conclude that Indonesia According to the Indonesian Constitution that the death penalty in Indonesia is constitutional. Constitutional Court Decision No. 2-3 / PUU-V / 2007 states that the imposition of the death penalty was constitutional. Any law governing capital punishment is not contrary to the Constitution of the State of Indonesia. However the legislation in Indonesia death penalty is still recognized in some legislation. There are three groups of rules, namely: Criminal Dead in the Criminal Code, Criminal die outside the Criminal Code, Criminal die in the Draft Bill. According to Islamic law that the death penalty could be applied to some criminal act or jinazah, either hudud qishahs, diyat or ta'zir among others to: Apostate, Rebel, Zina, Qadzaf (Allegations Zina), Steal (Corruption), Rob (Corruption), Murder.

The Other Muslim Bans

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-38
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Court ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Muslim Majority

This Article addresses and critiques the case for state-level legislative bans on courts citing “Islamic law” or the law of Muslim-majority countries. In particular, the Article reviews the most substantive evidence adduced by the bans’ supporters, in the form of a set of state court cases published by the Center for Security Policy (CSP). Very few of these cases, in fact, show courts actually applying Islamic or foreign law, and in none of these cases would the various forms of proposed legislation have been likely to alter the result. Thus even this report does not suggest a need for the state laws purporting to ban sharīʿa. The Article thus argues that even if these bans are not unconstitutionally discriminatory in their effect, they are ineffective at achieving their claimed purpose. This Article was originally published as an Occasional Paper in the Harvard Papers in Islamic Law series in 2018.

THE PROBLEM OF ESTABLISHING THE CHILDʼS ORIGIN AND THE CHILDʼS RIGHT TO A FAMILY IN THE CONTEXT OF ISLAMIC LAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
N.V. Kravchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Right

The review is focused on the issue of participation of the state in establishment of paternity and securing of the right in Muslim countries. Measures, adopted in this area, as noted, do not eliminate discrimination between children born in marriages and children born out of wedlock, but make their situation worse by allowing differential regulation of the same issue with regard to different groups of people.

scholarly journals [Implementation of Arts Policy in The State of Kelantan from 1990 to 2015: Analysis According to Siasah Syar‘Iyyah] Pelaksanaan Dasar Kesenian di Negeri Kelantan dari Tahun 1990 Hingga 2015: Analisis Menurut Siasah Syar ‘Iyyah

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Mohd Asri Che Ibrahim ◽  
Shukeri Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
State Government ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
Arts Policy ◽  
Actual Position ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to determine the actual position of political syar'iyyah from the perspective of Islam and its practices in the context of the state of Kelantan, especially in the field of art and entertainment. The study also followed up with the state government and police of the arts, as well as reforms carried out from 1990 to 2015. The focus of this research focuses on the application of the basic arts and entertainment through the enforcement of the Control of Entertainment and Places of Entertainment 1998, Cultural Performance Guidelines (entertainment) Act 1998 and Control of Entertainment Enactment 2003, which became the main purpose of the exercise of political syar'iyyah. Analysis carried out on the action and reform the state government to the arts by syar'iyyah political perspective. The study employs a library and analysis of official documents such as circulars, news, enactment and guidelines issued by the state government. The study found that ijtihad and reforms undertaken during the period managed to bring about change and give the benefit to the community in Kelantan. It is hoped that this study can contribute to the enrichment of the cultural heritage of the Malay Muslims in accordance with the tenets and formation syar'iyyah political capital of the arts and entertainment that coincide with Islamic law. We hope this study will help art researchers in the future. Keywords: Siasah syar'iyyah, Arts, Policy, Kelantan, Entertainment     Artikel ini bertujuan membincangkan konsep siasah syar‘iyyah, sejarah perkembangan kesenian, polisi kerajaan Kelantan terhadap siasah syar‘iyyah dan pelaksanaannya di negeri Kelantan. Secara khusus, fokus kajian ini dilakukan bermula semasa pemerintahan TGNA pada tahun 1990 sehingga sekarang. Kajian berbentuk analisis dokumen ini bersandar kepada pemerhatian terhadap dokumen rasmi kerajaan seperti surat pekeliling, warta, enakmen dan garis panduan yang dikeluarkan oleh kerajaan Kelantan. Selain itu, data-data kajian juga turut disokong oleh pelbagai literatur lain seperti buku-buku ilmiah serta    wacana-wacana ilmiah yang berkaitan.  Hasil kajian mendapati tindakan dan pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh kerajaan Kelantan dalam bidang siasah syar’iyyah adalah berdasarkan al-Quran dan al-Sunnah serta ijtihad. Terdapat beberapa pembaharuan yang dianggap sebagai pra syarat untuk mengadakan sesuatu persembahan kesenian serta beberapa contoh perubahan dalam kesenian yang dipersembahkan di Kelantan selepas tahun 1990 hingga sekarang telah menunjukkan perubahan yang sangat ketara. Pelaksanaan dasar kesenian dan hiburan ini berjaya memberi kemaslahatan kepada rakyat, dan dalam masa yang sama ia juga berjaya mempertahankan beberapa nilai kesenian lama yang tidak bertentangan dengan Islam. Selain itu terdapat juga beberapa persembahan kesenian yang diberi roh Islam dari sudut pelaksanaannya untuk menjadi santapan hiburan terhadap masyarakat. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pengkaryaan khazanah seni dan hiburan Islam, menjadi model terhadap pelaksanaan hiburan dan selain itu ia dapat membantu para pengkaji seni untuk menambahkan ilmu dalam bidang kesenian Islam.   Kata kunci: kesenian, hiburan, enakmen, ijtihad dan maslahah

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